Université de Tébessa Licence : Électrotechnique

Faculté des Sciences et Technologie Module : TP réseaux électriques

Département de Génie électrique

Practical work 2: study Series connection of two lines with operating

capacitances

Experiment objectives:
1- Measurement of the voltage distribution in a series connection of two lines of different lengths.
2- Determination of the relationship between line length and voltage drop.
3- Investigation of the effect of the operating capacitances on the voltage and currents.

Equipment list: (series circuit)

1. Power circuit breaker module (cat. No.745 56 or 745 561)
2. Three-phase transformer (cat. No.745 50)
3. Transmission line model (cat. No.745 51)
4. Resistive load (cat. No.733 10)
5. Voltmeter 400V
6. Ammeter 2.5 A

Procedure:
Repeat all the measurements at the deferent line lengths. However, this time consider the operating
capacitances.
Assemble the circuit as shown in fig. 2.9.
First, select the voltage UN-5% on the secondary side of the three-phase transformer using the bridging
plugs.
Ensure that both transmission line models have the shortest possible length of 144 km (circuit as shown
in fig .2.5).
Starting with a value of 100%, reduce the Ohmic load until a current of 0.5 A flows through the
consumer.

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Measure the voltage UA at the beginning of line 2, the voltage UE at the load and the three current I1 at
the beginning of line 1, I1 at at the beginning of line2 and IE through the load:
UA (V) UB (V) UE (V)
Measured values
Calculated values
ΔV/V
IE (A) 0.5 A 0.5 A 0.5 A
Select a secondary voltage of 380 V on the transformer, and repeat the measurements for a current of 1
A through the lines, (the voltage UA should have as possible the same value in all the following
measurements; this is realized by selecting the value UN -5% when the currents are 0,5 A and UN when
the currents are 1 A ).
UA (V) UB (V) UE (V)
Measured values
Calculated values
ΔV=|Vmesured- Vcalculated|
IE (A) 1A 1A 1A
By rearranging the bridging plugs, change the length of line 2 to 216 km as shown in fig .2.6 and repeat
the above measurement:
IE (A) UA (V) UB (V) UE (V)
0.5
1.0
Change the length of line 1 to 216 km (fig. 2.6) and that of line 2 to 144 km (fig. 2.5) and repeat the
above measurements:
IE (A) UA (V) UB (V) UE (V)
0.5
1.0
Explain why different current now follow through the individual lines.
Answer:

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Change the length of both lines to 216 km (fig. 2.6) and repeat the above measurements:

IE (A) UA (V) UB (V) UE (V)

0.5
1.0

Impermissibly high voltage drops also occur at larger line lengths when the network is loaded,
even when the operating capacitances have been taken into consideration.
Thus, measurements at even longer line lengths will not be carried out here.
Leave the two line lengths unchanged and select the highest possible voltage on the secondary
of the three-phase transformer. Vary the load value until the voltage is Un-10% there.
What values do the currents have? What effective power is consumed by the load?
IE (A) UA (V) UB (V) UE (V)

Compare the values for power and current with those obtained for measurements where the capacitances
were not taken into consideration.
Work requested:
- Does voltage change when legnth increases in a transmission lines?
- How much voltage is in transmission line?
- What is the cause of voltage drop along a transmission line?
- How can this voltage drop be reduced without increasing the length of the wire?
- How does the length of a transmission line affect its voltage drop?
- What is the length of a transmission line for which there will be no voltage drop?
- Describe the relationships between voltage drops.
- Draw the Fresnel diagram for each experiment.
- Calculate the voltage drops in each line and physically interpret the results.
- What are the causes of errors between theoretical results and measurements.
- Analyze and discuss the results obtained.
- Compare the values for power and current with those obtained for measurements where the
capacitances were not taken into consideration.

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 Figure 1 : Experimental assembly for a series connection of two lines of different lengths.
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Figure 2 : Power transmission line model, simulation of a line length 144 km.

Figure 3 : Power transmission line model, simulation of a length line 216 km.

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 Figure 4 : Power transmission line model, simulation of a length line 360 km.

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