2.

1 Hyponymy
- Definition: The relation of hyponymy is often defined in terms of inclusion.
One is hyponym, the other is superordinate.
E.g. Flower & rose
→ Flower is the superordinate and Rose is the hyponym of flower
- The set of terms which are hyponyms of the same superordinate term are called
co-hyponyms. For example, Rose, daisy, tulip are co-hyponyms.
* Characteristics:
+ Hyponymic relations make substutition possible.
E.g: I brought a Honda yesterday. The motor is not expensive.
+ More frequenly found in nouns than other word classes.
+ To characterize hyponymy intensionally, we'll say that if X is a hyponym of
Y, then the semantic content of Y is proper sub-part of the semantic content of
X.
+ is a transitive relation. If X is a hyponym of Y and Y is a hyponym of Z, X is
the hyponym of Z.
E.g:
cow-mammal cow-animal
mammal-animal

- Synonymy is the special case of hyponymy, a symmetrical hyponymy. If X is a

hyponym of Y and Y is a hyponym of X, then X and Y are hyponyms of each
other. Hyponymy, on the other hand, involves inclusion. This relationship is
asymmetrical.

2.2. Meronymy (part - whole relation)

+ Part-whole relation is the one which holds between discrete referents, one is
meronym, another is holonym.
+ It is clearly transitive. If something X is part of something Y which is part of
something Z, then X is described as part of Z.

E.g. Drive -CPU -Computer: Drive is part of the computer

+ Meronymy and hyponymy are similar in hierarchical relationship. For

example, a rose is a kind of flower, an arm is a part of the body, not a kind of the
body.

- Meronym: name of the part, Holonym: name of the whole (E.g: hat: holonym,
rim: meronym)