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    Reading Advantage4

    Uploaded by

    Neresa Mones

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 90
    a Contents = ae Preface Unit 7 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Review The Story of Numbers Traditional Medicine Frida Kahlo The History of English The Tiger in the Living Room Autumn Car Culture The Temple of Borobudur Mr. Right Gift-Giving Etiquetie 5 9 13 7 Units 6-16 Unit 11 Interview Techniques Unit 12. The Love Bug Unit 13 Crime and Punishment Unit 14 The Tango Unit 15 Cloning Extinct Animals Unit 16 Life and Legend Unit ‘The Great tilusionist Unit 18 Giants Unit 19 Women’s Basketbalt Unit 20 From Elvis to Eminem ew __Units 16-20 World Map Vocabulary index Acknowledgments Before You Read Answer the following questions » Are there any numbers that you think are lucky or unlucky? What are they, and why? ‘onality? . Do you think that someone's name says something about th re a superstitious person? . Would you say that yor [#|_ Target Vocabulary Match cach word with the best meaning. get (by buying or being given’ ible; not foolish showing skill at handling people sensitively . to be unsure, but not believe (v); uncertainty (n) eager; excited diplomatic doubt enthusiastic inting success Insight g. brave; courageous obtain in things that are not real or possible, such as magic practical jlity to see or know the truth superstition give a job or task to someone or something; Gecide that something has a particular meaning or value E Reading Passage (« D1 rack 1 30 3s Do you believe that some numbers are lucky or unlucky? If you answered ves to this question, you are certainly not alone. Superstitions about numbers are common in many societies. For example, many people in Western counsries believe that the number 13 is unlucky. They believe 15 people should never sit ata table togethes, and that terible things will happen on Friday the 13th. Some buildings do not even assign a 13th flooz Sinilariy, in Chinese and Japanese culture, the number 4, which sounds like the word for “death,” is often considered unlucky. On the other hand, 7 is considered a lucky number in Western countries. In Chine, 8 is a lucky number because it sounds like the word “prospex”? In ancient times, it was quite common to believe in the magical power of numbers. It was believed some numbers could let you know the future or show the hidden side of a person's personality. Numerology, the art of reading the power in numbers, was often practiced in Jewish tradition and among Greele mathematicians. Today, many of those who still practice numerology use a system that equates each letter of the alphaber to one of the numbers 1 through 8. Here is an example of how this system of namerology works. In order to find the aumber related to a person's name, first assign the correct number to each leer o! the name, using the following chart. LAeTeQeJey 3C*GeleS SE*H*N 700Z 2BeKeR 4DeTeM 6UsVeWeX 8 FP For example, take the name John: J = 1, O= 7, H=5, and N to give a total of 18. Because 18 is larger than 9, add the two Therefore, 9 is the number thar represents the name John, Add these numbers together iits, so thae 1+ 8 Each number from 1 to 9 shows a different type of personality. One is the number of « leader, someone who is ambitious, independent, and self-sutticient,* but who might have a tendency to be bossy. Two represents a person who is supportive, diplomatic, and analytical. This person makes @ good partnes, but may tend to be lonely. Three is a social person who is ourgoing, husiastic, sociable, and enjoys life. On the negative side, this number person may lack self discipline. A person whose name equals four is practical, traditional, and serious. They work hard to get things done, bar may be uncomfortable when they don’t have a routine. Fives are adventurous. daring, and good at getting people ro go along with them. However, they tend £0 get bored easily. Six is a “happy” number. This type of person is peaceful, caring, and reliable. (On the negative side, they may sometimes end up feeling taken advantage of. Seven is the number for a person who prefers to he alone. This kind of person is a thinker, and is often quite spiritual. On the other hand, they may be worried about not being good enough. Eight shows 2 person who is good with money, and can be quite decisive, On the other hand, this kind of person can tend to lack empatiy for other people. Nine is the number of someone who is creative and mult-talented,* and wants to improve’ the world. This person would make a good community lade, bur needs to take care of smalll details as well as looking at the big picture. Is there any truth to numerology? Although very popula, it has never been scientifically proven, and skeptics‘ doubr it has any validity at all. They ask, “If numerology is universally true, then how does it account for variations in the number obtained for an object or person, from. wranslating a word berween different language Still, for many people, numerology remains a very entertaining way to get some insight into your personality. minutes __ seconds (681 words) prosper to grow in wealth self-sufficient independent; able to meet one’s needs by onesef, The prefix “biodiversity the prefix “bio” means “Iie.” Biodiversity means a diversiy of living things. 10 unit 2 —_ Reading Comprehension Circle the letter of the best answer. 1. What is this passage mainly about? a. why traditional medicine is so effective b. a program to increase the use of alternetive medicine around the world the main differences between traditional and conventional medicines d. the history and future of the World Health Organization x Why does WHO encourage developing countries to use traditional medi a. Non-traditional medicines are often too expensive. b, Traditional medicine is usually hore effective. c Western countries shouldn't have to supply drugs to developing countries. . The populations of developing countries prefer traditional medicines. nes? 3. According to the passage, which of these can be treated by acupuncture? a. being overweight c. malaria ‘b. AIDS. d. pain 4. Which of these statemients would WHO probably agree with? a. Herbal remedies are much safer than conventional medicine. b. In the future, more Western drugs will be based on traditional plants. ¢ Western companies should own any species they produce drugs from. d. Conventional doctors should avoid using traditional medicii 5. Which of these does the passage NOT mention as one of WHO's main concems? a. species protection c. sharing of profits with local cultures b. drug safety d. problems caused by acupuncture [=| Idioms Find each idiom in the story. 1. be better (worse) off—benefit; be more (less) successful '* John was better off living with his parents than living alone. * You'll be better off trying to solve this problem together, 2, put up with—accept or tolerate something. even though it is unpleasant ** I hate having to put up with a lot of noise when I'm trying to work. ‘+ I don't know how she puts up with her boyfriend. She should leave him. 3. scratch the surface—deal with a problem or subject in a very shallow way, without understanding it completely '* This is a very complicated problem, and scientists have just scratched the surface. ‘I thought | understood the subject, but Ive really only scratched the surface. Traditional Medicine 11 [Vocabulary Reinforcement A. Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Unless something is done to help them, many: species in South America will die out completely. a. resistant b. enthusiastic c. global 4, endangered 2. Many farms need to hire extra workers when itis time © a. harvest b. sustain c. grow d. perform 3. | don’t like our new boss either, but we'll ust have to___ him. a. turn to b. be worse off with c. put up with wipe out 4, Is difficult for a teacher to her students’ interest for a whole semester. a. sustain. b. resist ‘c. account for d. recognize 5. Police have arrested over a hundred tax cheats this year, and they've just a. been worse off b. gone alongwith it c.hada tendency — d. scratched the surface 6. The birds on the island had never seen cats hefore, and had no ___to their attacks. a. sustainability b, remedies c. therapy 4. resistance 7. The team had a meeting to decide their for the match on Saturday. a. strategy b. therapy policy 4. rights 8. After Meg's parents were killed, she was by her uncle and aunt. a. sustained b, endangered c. adopted 4. harvested B. Compiete the passage with the correct form of items from the box. One item is extra. slobal__purup with policy therapy remedies adopted better off ‘The World Health Organization recognizes the impoztanct of traditional medicines, and the organization’s (1). medicines, WHO has (2) this policy because conventional medicines are often t00 expensive for developing countries to buy, WHO says these countries are treating people with traditional medicines rather than doing nothing at recommends that developing countries use more of these all. Alse, people in Western countries are now recognizing the benefits of these - For example, it is becoming increasingly common for European and an doctors to acupanctare with their patients. Overall, the billions of dollars annually, and narket for traditional medicine is w growing every year. What Do You Think? 1. What are the pros and cons of altemative medicine compared to conventional medicine? [I 2. Do you know of any other types of altemative medicine? Which are used in your country? Which have you tried? 12 Unit2 Before You Read Answer the following questions. 1. Are there any famous female artists in your country? What do you know about them? 2, Look at the you descrit 3. Do you know of any people who have overcome physical problems to become uccessful? [| Target Vocabulary Match each word with the best meaning. ty activist a, a person who reviews and gives opinions about art, movies, books, mu: cee novies, books, music, etc commit suicide b. very serious; very strong eoneatlate ¢. kill oneself critic d. to cause someone to work hard or be creative influence usual; representative > mere f. be thankful for; understand th and impo i of (something) a g. have an effect on (v); an effect (n) ypi = h. praise someone for doing something well, or for being successful i. experience something necessary or unpieasant fson who works to change something, especially politics 13 Reading Passage ® D1 Track 3 ‘When Mexican artist Frida Kahlo’ paintings were put on display in a gallery in London, one art critic suggested thar the exhibition walls should be covered with asbestos! Another poet and essayist described her paintings 2s “a ribbon around a bomb” —a quote that went on to provide the title for a documentary ebour her life. Such extraordinary comments about her work seem to 5 suggest Kahlo had a big impact on the ar world of he: time. Sadly, this is not the case. Kahlo’s work was not widely appreciated during her life, and she is actually a mach higger name today than she was daring her lifetime. Kahlo, bom in 1907 ina suburb of Mexico City, was greatly affected by two terrible events early in her life. At the age of seven, she suffered from polio? The disease twisted her foot so that it 10 always pointed out, and caused her right leg to grow to a shorter leagth than her left leg, As a result, Kahlo’s spine and pelvis became twisted as she grew older. Then, in 1925, while riding in a school bus, she was involved in a traffic accident, breaking her pelvis? and back in several places. ‘Throughout the rest of her life, the artist underwent more than thirty operations on her spine and Jeg, but nothing was able cure the severe pain in her back and Jeg. However, the accident had an 15 unexpected side effect. It ied Kahlo to begin painting. While lying in her bed recovering, in her parents’ home, Kahlo taught herself to paint and created her fist self-portrait. Despite the tragic events in her life, Kahlo had a reputetion for inspiring excitement, happiness, and drama wherever she went. She often wore elaborate native jewelry and bright clothing, making her a highly visible student at school. She also typically wore her hair tied up on top of 20 her lead with bright ribbons, in the style of the native people of Oaxaca, Mexico, Her preferr fashion and hairstyle are exhibited in the various self-portraits Kahlo pamted. Kahlo was not only an artist. She was also a political activist and an active member of the Young Communist League, an organization founded by another famous Mexican artist, Diego Rivers, who married Kahlo in 1929. In her early works Rivera's strong influence on Kahio’s style can be seen, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best work, show less influence from her husband. Kahlo’s mest famous works from the 1930s and 1940s did not attract much attention in the art world at that time, even in her home country of Mexico. Although her works were shown in exhibitions in New York and Paris in the 1930s, her first one-woman show in Mexico was not 30 held until 1953. At the time, Kahlo was suffering much pain and could not even get out of bed. Bur she was determined not ro miss the opening night of her show, so she arranged for an ambulance to take her to the gallery. in the gallery, she lay all evening in a large bed where visitors could come and congratulate her Kahlo died in 1954 in her parents’ home. The official report said that she died from a blood clot 35 but some people believe she might have committed suicide through an overdose of painkillers The final words in Kahio'’s diary were, “I hope the exits joyful—and 1 hope never to come back.” For more than a decade Kahio’s works remained unnoticed by the world at iarge, but in the 1970s her work began to develop an almost cult-like’ following. Kahlo postcards, T-shirts, and buttons appeared, and several famous movie stars began collecting prints of her work. Various 40 documentary films on Kablo and the Hollywood film Frida (200), st: ring Mexi Salma Hayek, have helped spread the fame of one of Mexico's most important artists even further. minutes seconds (649 words) asbestos a kind of mineral known for its resistance to fire polio a disease that atiacks the spine and nerves and can cause paralysis pelvis the large bone in the hips “blood clot sold lump o blood in the body “overdose too mach of a drug. The prefix “ove” means “t00 much.” cult-like a cult an extreme religious group. The suffix "-like” meané “seeming to be or typical” 14 units [Reading Comprehension le the letter of the best answer, ‘1. What did the critic probably mean by calling Kahlo’s paintings “a ribbon around a bomb"? ‘a. They were paintings of bombs. . She tied ribbons around her paintings. ¢. The expression was the title o! a documentary. d. They were beautiful, but the subject wes controversial. 2. Which sentence about Kahio’s life is NOT true? a. She was involved in politics. bi. She is more famous ‘odey than during her life. ¢. She eventually recovered from her injuries. d. She stood out from other students in her school 3. The passage mentions Kahlo’s paintings of a. her husband, b. communists. . bombs. d herself 4. Which sentence about Kahio's first Mexican exhibition is true? a. She shared the exhibition with her husband, ¢. tt took place in the 1930s. b. She wes unable to attend 4. She spent the evening in bed. 5. According to the passage, Kahlo's best paintings were painted in the a. 1820s, b. 1930s, 19405, 1950s, [7] Idioms Find each idiom in the story. 1. side effect—effects of a drug (apart from curing the illness) that are bad; an additional unplanned and unpleasant result of a situation ld ask the doctor if this medicine has any side effects, effect of the new tax has been the loss of thousands of jobs. have an impact on—iniluence: affect + In some countries, which elementary school you went to can fi your career for the rest of your life. ‘+ My neighbors cats have had a terrible impact on the birds in the area. 3. be a big name—be successful or famous + My uncle ie big name in the world of archaeology. * Since the success of her last movie, she has become 2 big name sta Friga kanlo 15 [Vocabulary Reinforcement ~_ A, Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best matches the word in italics. 1. Archaeologists from all over the world came to the conference. a. party b. meeting c. incident d. monument 2. The two countries were strong allies. a. competitors b. enemies d. partners 3. The incident was big news all over the world. a. event b. discovery . decision d. announcement 4, Paulo regularly exercises at the gym. a. rarely b. sometimes ¢. often d. never 5. The aim of the new law is to enable people to change jobs easily. a. stop b. encourage ©. discourage d. allow 6. The newspaper article was quite specific about the government's problems. a. particular b. general ©, honest d. limited 7. Smoking is banned in the garden. a. allowed b, not allowed c. encouraged d. discouraged = The Prime Minister's assistant was the source of the information. a. inventor b. researcher ¢. announcer d. provider B. Complete the passage with items from the box. One item is extra. banned found it useful” media ‘When major events happen in the world today, people now have a new way to learn about them in addition to traditional forms of (1)___ For example, during the war in Iraq in 2003, one blog in particular (2). » It was read by many people as a (3). of information on daily life in Baghdad, from the (4)__ of an Iraqi citizen. Some people have also begun to keep moblogs using mobile phones with, cameras in them. However, some people were (5), when one student used his phone to take pictures of a teacher yelling at a student. Some people think such cameras should be (6) from places like schools. (#|_What Do You Think? 1. Do you, or does anyone you know, have a web site? If so, what is it like? 2. If you had a blog, what kind of things would you write about? 16 unit 3 Before You Read Answer the following questions. ( 2 What do you know about the actor above? What do you think of his movies? Do you prefer big-bu or smaller independent films? movies How much do you think the average Hollywood film costs to make? Target Vocabulary Match each word with the best meaning. ___ budget ____ expect humble __ merchandising notorious rely (on) series _____ spectacular studio minimum: a. a plan of expected income and expenses over time b. poor; modest ¢. well-known or famous for something bad d. a group of similar things or events e. wonderful; exciting f. need someone or something in order to work or live well 8 the smallest amount (opposite: maximum—the largest amount) h. believe something will happen; believe you should have something i. a company that produces movies; a place where movies are made j. toys or clothes made in order to promote something, eg,, 2 film, sports team ne Reading Passage (2) rack 4 Movies are probably the most popular form of entertainment today. Today’s full- length movies began with short motion pictures' developed in France in the late 1800s by the Lumiére brothers.* However, the world’s first full length film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, came from Australia. This silent film, which showed the s life of the notorious criminal Ned Kelly,’ opened at the Melbourne Town Hall on December 26, 1906. It was over an hour long. The film industry has come a long way from its humble beginning, and today millions of dollars are spent producing and advertising movies. Some of the most expensive movies ever produced include Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (US$175 million), Titanic ($200 million), and the Lord of the Rings trilogy ($300 million—about $100 million a film). In comparison, the most expensive Bollywood film ever made, Devdas, cost only $10 million to make. However, when you compare the cost of an older movie with the value of money at the time it was made, Cleopatra remains the most expensive movie ever made. Elizabeth Taylor played Cleopatra in this film made in 1963. One of the reasons why this movie cost so much money was because Ms. Taylor had 65 different (and very expensive) costumes in the movie! This movie, if made today, would cost a minimum of $275 million to shoot. Some people, however, think that one film beats this record. For All Mankind, a 2» documentary about NASA’s' nine Apollo space missions, was produced from film taken by NASA aboard its spaceships over several years. If the cost of the spaceships is taken into account, the film cost billions of dollars to make! The average budget of most Hollywood movies produced in the 1990s was over $50 million, and movie budgets are still continuing to climb. Often, the movie 2 itself cannot make enough money from ticket sales alone to cover the cost of production, and the studio relies on merchandising and selling products related to the movie to help make up for poor box office’ sales. For example, the film Star Wars, which was a huge success in terms of box office sales (it made $500 million at the box office), has gone on to make more than $2.5 billion after its release se from toys and other merchandising connected to the Star Wars series. The problem that Hollywood studios are finding is that as film budgets increase, audiences expect more and more spectacular special effects—all of which cost increasing amounts of money. “You have to drive the audience into the theater, and they won't be driven into the theater unless you can show them something a: they haven't seen before,” says Joel Silver, the producer of the three Matrix films., “You have to wow them.” With audiences taking expensive special effects for granted, it seems that for the time being, big budget films are here to stay. a é minutes seconds (480 words) gs motion pictures films, moving pictures, movies a *Lumigre brothers. Auguste (1862-1954) and Louis (18641948) *Ned Kelly (185421880). Australia’s most famous historical criminal “NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Shox aifice cinema ticket cales office 18 unit 4 [Reading Comprehension Circle the letter of the best answer, 1, What was the subject of the first full-length film? a. the Lumiére brothers ¢. a famous Australian building b.a thief d. France in the 1800s 2. Which is true in comparing Hollywood and Bollywood movies? movies cost about the same to make. a. Bollywood movies are much cheaper. _¢. Th b. Hollywood films are much cheaper. d. The passage doesn't say. 3. Why was For All Mankind so expensive to make? a. The rockets in the film were very expensive to make b. NASA needed to train astronauts to act. ¢. The movie included many famous actors. d. The special effects were very expensive. 4. What can be assumed about the average cost of producing a Hollywood movie today? a. It is less than $50 million. It is higher than $50 million b. It is about $50 million d. The cost can’t be assumed from the reading. 5. How did Star Wars continue to make money after it stopped being shown in cinemas? a. by selling items related to the movie ¢. by advertising b. by changing the story d. by reducing its budget [Idioms Find each idiom in the story. 1, take (something) into account—consider something when thinking about a situation * If you take the cost of postage into account, you don’t save much money by buying books over the Internet * The thief’s long criminal history was taken into account and she was sent to prison for a long time. 2. make up for—replace or pay for something that is lost, broken, or missing + Sylvia stayed late at work to make up for arriving late. * Sebastian bought his girlfriend flowers to make up for forgetting her birthday. take Gomething) for granted—believe something is true or normal without thinking about it + Most waitess in the United States take it for granted that they will get a tip at the end of the meal. * Many husbands and wives start to take their partner for granted after a few years of marriage. Blockbuster Movies 19 | Vocabulary Reinforcement A. 1. The designer of Hello Kitty has made a lot of money from __. ircle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. a. merchandising _b. budgets ¢. series d. studios 2. Jack the Ripper was for murdering many people in the nineteenth century. a. spectacular b. popular . notorious d. spe 3. There are three books (and movies) in the Lord of the Rings a. species b. source ¢. account d. series 4. | put on so much weight on my vacation that | need to go to the gym every day to a. make upforit _b. make sense of it ¢. take it into account _d. take it for granted 5. Naoko is new at her job, and really her manager to help her a. crawls on b. relies on cc. worships d. budgets 6. That elevator can take a of twelve people. a. maximum b. minimum c. ban d. conference 7. That baseball team wins so often that thei fans ___ that they will win. a. make up for it _b. take it into account c. take it for granted _d. stand a chance 8. When deciding a new worker's salary, most employers an applicant's experience. a. take for granted —_b. take into account __¢. make up for d. rely on B. Complete the passage with items from the box. One item is extra. | beduels expect “humble fake ints ace Today’s modern movie industry had its (1). beginning with the silent Australian movie The Story of the Kelly Gang. Since that time, both the popularity and re) __ of movies have grown an incredible amount. By far, (3)_ in the United States spend the most, with the average movie in the 1990s costing over $50 million. Today the cost is even higher because people (4)_ more andmore (). ____ special effects. Many films today have to rely on (6) to make back the cost of producing the film. What Do You Think? 1. Do you agree with Joel Silver? Do movies have to wow the audience with special effects to be good? 2. Why do you think action films are so popular? 20 Unit 4 [Ml Before You Read Answer the following questions. 1. Do you like cycling? How popular is cycling in your country? 2. What long-distance sporting events are popular in your country’ 3. What do you know about the Tour de France? {@ Target Vocabulary Match each word with the best meaning. 1.____ alien a. including everything; total 2.___ clockwise b. a path along which one travels 3. ___ consist of ¢. to be made up of —— gcle d, ride a bicycle eas Jor . in the direction that the hands of a clock move 6. ___ honor £. one from another country, or from space 7. neighboring _g._ a small circle or point 8.__ overall h. located near 9. route i. ride or run as fast as you can over a short distance 10. sprint j. a special award for doing something good 21 fl Reading Passage 2) Tracks 20 25 20 the Louvre a famous museum in Paris There isa saying in France that states: “The government could fall, the Louvre! could be broken into, or aliens could land on Earth, but if any of these things happened during the Tour de France, no one would notice.” The Tour de France is the most famous cycling race in the world. The race, which is held in July every year, consists of twenty one-day stages, plus several rest days. The course follows a clockwise route around France, and often neighboring countries, including Luxembourg, Belgium, and Italy. The winner is the rider who completes all twenty stages of the race in the shortest overall time. The Tour de France first started on July 1, 1903, when sixty cyclists left from in front of The Alarm Clock Café, just outside of Paris, and rode 467 kilometers to Lyon. The first race consisted of six legs, each of which was about 400 kilometers long. At that time there were no rest days—the winner was the rider who finished the race in the shortest total time. The winner of the first Tour de France, Maurice Garin, the most popular cyclist in France at that time, received 2,000 francs (about $350). It took him 94 hours and 33 minutes to ride all 2,428 kilometers of the race, three hours faster than the runner-up. Over the weeks during which the race was run, the idea of the Tour de France slowly caught on with the people of France. The race has been held every year since that time, except during the years of World Wars I and I? The Tour de France has developed several special honors for which racers compete. The highest honor is the “yellow jersey.” Henri Desgranges, the founder of the race, introduced the yellow jersey in 1919 to show the leading racer each day of the ‘Tour de France. Each day, the officials who keep track of all of the riders’ times compare each rider’s total time up to that point. The racer with the lowest overall time wears the yellow jersey during the following day’s race. Other honors include the “green jersey,” which is given to the best sprinter, and the “polka dot jersey,” 2 white jersey with red dots, for the best rider in the mountains along the route. Over the years of the race, the competitors have gained a reputation for good sportsmanship. For example, if a lead rider falls off his bike, it is common for the following riders to slow down to allow the fallen rider to catch up. Some watchers are surprised by this, but as German rider Jan Ullrich, who came in runner-up in 2002 after waiting for winner Lance Armstrong, says, “Of course I would wait. If | would have won this race by taking advantage of someone’s bad: luck, then the race was not worth winning.” minutes seconds (476 words) ) World Wars Land Il 1914-1918 and 1939-1945 Henri Desgranges (1865-1940) French cyclist and journalist with French sports magazine Auto 22 units Reading Comprehension Circle the letter of the best answer. 1. What is this passage mainly about? a. famous Tour de France winners b. sportsmanship in the Tour de France 2. Who wins the Tour de France? a. the cyclist with the most points . the cyclist with the shortest overall time 3. Who was Henri Desgranges? a. a famous cyclist ba café owner ¢. the rules and history of the Tour de France d. techniques of the Tour de France cyclists ¢. the first cyclist to finish the race d. the cyclist with the polka dot jersey c. the man who won the first Tour de France d. the man who had the idea for the Tour de France 4. Today, the Tour de France is different from the original race because cyclists a. ride in a clockwise direction. b. receive money as a prize. 5. Who wears the yellow jersey? a. the fastest cyclist of the previous day b. the fastest overall cyclist up to that time c. have days to rest during the race. d. have to ride for aver 2,000 kilometers ¢. the fastest cyclist over short distances d. the winner from the year before 1. keep track of—keep accurate information about something * The university uses special software to keep track of its students’ grades. * For her diet, Melanie keeps track of how many calories she eats every day. 2, take advantage of—to use an opportunity; to cheat someone + Thad a chance to buy a car for a low price, so | took advantage of it. + lan doesn’t know much about business, so people are always taking advantage of him. 3. catch up (with/to someone)—reach someone in front of you by moving faster; reach someone elses level * I had to walk slowly to let him catch up with me. * Philip missed a lot of school while he was sick, and had to study exira hard to catch up to the rest of the class. The Tour de France 23 [&_Vocabulary Reinforcement A. Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best matches the word(s) in italics. 1. According to a survey, more than fifty percent of Americans believe in aliens. a. dead people come. reading other c. invisible peopled. people from space back to earth people’s minds 2. 'm not really very good at sprinting. a. cycling b. running fast. —_¢. swimming d. sportsmanship 3. Which way did you take to get here? a. automatic b. factor ©. circumstances d. route 4. Meeting the president was a special thing for me. a. notorious b. an incident c. humble d. an honor 5. I'm going to take advantage of the quiet time at work and go on vacation. a, stand a chance with _b. rely on c. keep track of d. use the opportunity of 6. He was walking so quickly that | had to ask him to slow down so I could reach him. a, make up with b.catch upto —c. keep track of d. take advantage of Her dress is covered in black dots. a. circles b. squares ¢. stripes d. dirt 8 Many rock bands contain three guitarists and a drummer. a. restore b. honor c. consist of d. expect B. Complete the passage with items from the box. One item is extra. The Tour de France is the most famous (3)___ race in the world. The race follows a (2)_____ route around France, and some parts of the race may go into 3) countries like Belgium and Italy. The race (4) twenty one- day stages, but there are a few rest days for cyclists during these twenty days. The judges, of , the race (5)___ the time each rider takes to complete each stage of the race. At the end of the race, the cyclist with the shortest (6) time is the winner, [8] What Do You Think? 1. Do you agree with Jan Ullrich? Is sportsmanship more important than winning? 2. Is there any athlete in your country who is famous for his or her sportsmanship? 24 unit 5 A. Circle the correct answer for each question. 1. During the war, which is a government more likely to spend money on? a. the military b. the environment Which of these is most likely to be arrested? a. an archacologist. _b. a strangler 3. Which would most businessmen prefer to be? a. notorious b. honored 4. Who is more likely to take the Internet for granted? a. old people b. young people 5. Which country was America’s ally during, World War II? a. England b. Germany 6. An average person can last a__of six weeks without food. a. maximum b. minimum 7. Which number is more specific? a. 1,000 b. 1,243 8. Which are you more likely to want to make up for? a. winning an award _b. making a mistake 9. What are you more likely to do to catch up with someone? a. crawl b. sprint 10. Which of these jobs 1s more humble? a. president b. cleaner B. Complete the paragraph with items from the box. Two items are extra. ee Archaeologists in England thought they had made an amazing discovery in July 2003, when tourists ona beach found ancient carvings on a large block of stone. The archaeologists believed thar the discovery of the stone, which had been imported from Norway in the 1980s and used to make a wall, Bias (2 )neeea Metre ‘The carvings of two snakes, a dragon, and other shapes (3)__ stone is for people who celebrate with fire.” in the local ca) —. Experts translated the stone to say, “This However, two months later, the archaeologists were (5) when thee of the carvings was solved by a fifty-year-old local builder, Barry Luxton. The man, who had seen a photograph in a newspaper, told them that he was actually the one who had made the shapes—in 1995! Luxton said that over a period of three days in 1995 he had made the carvings for a celebration on a7) beach that was going to be held by a group of druids—people who 8), nature. However, the block didn’t end up being moved to the other beach and was

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