Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Internal Loadings
• BENDING
• TORSION + POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA (SOLID/TUBE SHAFT) Shear and bending moment
• VON MISES(PLANAR)
• VON MISES(GENERAL)
Safety Factor
𝜎𝑦 Tresca
𝑆𝐹 =
𝜎𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑
Von Mises
Generalized fatigue strength (106 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠) Mean and alternating stress
• SHAFT
Goodman diagram
• GEAR
Superposition
Bearing safety factors Fit tolerances
• PV 1. Look at alphabet
𝑃𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 2. 𝑒𝑠 /𝑒𝑖 (𝑒𝑠 always above Fundamental Deviation, 𝑒𝑖
𝑆𝐹 = below)
𝑃𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
3. International Tolerance (IT), + if 𝑒𝑠 , - if 𝑒𝑖
• DN
𝐷𝑁𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡
𝑆𝐹 = , 𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐷𝑁𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
Bearing Life
Fit allowances
L in terms of revolutions
Rated capacity
Or
𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐿𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑡 − 𝑇𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 (ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 − 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡)
Fit classes
• RUNNING FIT (BOTH +VE)
• CLEARANCE FIT (LOWER BOUND IS ZERO )
• TRANSITION FIT (MIX OF +VE AND -VE)
• INTERFERENCE (BOTH -VE)
Gear trains Diametral pitch/module
• IDEAL
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑇𝜔 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
Train ratio
Functional schematic
𝑉 = 𝐴𝑠 𝜏𝑦 = 𝜋𝑑(0.75𝑡)0.58𝑆𝑦
Grashof Condition
Cam Follower
Simple harmonic Motion
Kinematics of Linkages
Loop Equation
Cam Dynamics
Spring index C
𝛼(𝑦𝑖 , 𝜃𝑖 ) = 𝜃
𝑓′(𝜃)
𝛼(𝑦𝑖 , 𝜃𝑖 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )+ 𝜃
𝑓(𝜃) + 𝑏
Spring setting
Spring deflection
Avoid no more than 2% from creep
, ,
Number of active coils N
Spring materials Stress correction factor (get 𝑘𝑤 and C from 𝑘𝑤 𝐶)
Spring diameter – UTS relation
Buckling analysis
Surge analysis
• To avoid surge, choose natural frequency 𝑓𝑛 > 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑓
Spring fatigue
Disk clutch (Uniform pressure and wear) Inner and outer radius