Formula for flat and V-belt drive:

𝝅𝒅𝟏𝑵𝟏 𝝅𝒅𝟐𝑵𝟐
𝑽𝟏 = ; 𝑽𝟐 = 𝒎/𝒔
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎
Velocity of the belt V1, V2 (Velocity of larger pulley and velocity of smaller pulley)
D1, d2 (Dial larger pulley and smaller pulley)
N1, N2 (Speed of 1 and 2 pulley)
𝑵𝟐 𝒅𝟏
𝒗𝟏 =
Velocity Ratio, 𝑵𝟏 𝒅𝟐
𝒗𝟐
𝑵𝟐 𝒅𝟏 + 𝒕
=
Effect of the belt thickness 𝑵𝟏 𝒅𝟐 + 𝒕
T - thickness

While considering total slip 𝑵𝟐 𝒅𝟏 + 𝒕 𝒔

= (𝟏 − )
𝑵𝟏 𝒅𝟐 + 𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎
T – thickness
S-Slip
Effect of creep on belt = x
𝑵𝟐 𝒅𝟏 𝑬+ √𝝈𝟏
𝑵𝟏
𝒅𝟐 𝑬+ √𝝈𝟐
E-Youngs modulus of the belt material
𝝈𝟏 = 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒕 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝝈𝟐 = 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒕 𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒌 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆

Open belt drive Cross belt drive

Length of the belt (L) 𝝅 (𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙−𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏)𝟐 𝝅 (𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙+𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏)𝟐
L= (𝒅𝟏 + 𝒅𝟐) + 𝟐𝒙 + L= (𝒅𝟏 + 𝒅𝟐) + 𝟐𝒙 +
𝟐 𝟒𝒙 𝟐 𝟒𝒙

𝝅 𝝅
Angle of contact of the belt with 𝜽=(𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟐𝜶) , rad 𝜽=(𝟏𝟖𝟎° + 𝟐𝜶) , rad
𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟖𝟎
the pulley, (𝜽) 𝜶 = 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝜶 = 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈

𝜶, 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒅 (𝒓𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐) (𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐)

𝑺𝒊𝒏𝜶 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝜶 =
𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒙 𝒙
𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒕 x = distance between two pulleys
Ratio of driving tension for flat belt 𝑻𝟏
= 𝒆𝝁𝜽 𝝁 =Coefficient of friction; 𝜽=Angle of contact of belt
𝑻𝟐
drive T1=T2= (Tension between tight side and slack side respectively)
𝑻𝟏
= 𝒆𝝁𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜷 -------- For V-belt drive
𝑻𝟐
Power Transmitted 𝟐𝝅𝑵𝑻𝒓
P= (T1-T2) v, N-m/s or watts ; P=
𝟔𝟎
Tr - Torque
Torque on the shaft for larger and Tr =(T1-T2) r1 (Larger pulley)
smaller pulley Tr=(T1-T2) r2 (Smaller pulley)
Strength of the belt (or) Total T = T1+Tc
tension in the belt T = 𝝈𝒃𝒕
Tc = mv2 (mass per unit length)
Initial tension with and without 𝑻𝟏+𝑻𝟐
T0 = 𝟐
considering centrifugal tension 𝑻𝟏+𝑻𝟐+𝟐𝑻𝒄
T0 = 𝟐

Speed of the belt 𝑻

V = √𝟑𝒎 m/s T-Max tension
No of belts (v-belt) 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒅
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒕
Unit-5
Belt and rope drives:
1) A pulley 350mm in diameter drives another pulley 1400mm in diameter by means of a belt
25mm thick. The driver makes 200 revolutions per minute. Find the speed of the driven pulley
(a) Neglecting the thickness of the belt, (b) Taking the thickness into account, (c) Assuming also
in the latter case
(i) a total slip of 5%,
(ii) a slip of 2% between the driving pulley and the belt and 2% between the belt and the
driven pulley
2) The power is transmitted from a pulley 1m diameter running at 300r.p.m to a pulley 2m diameter
by means of a belt. Find the speed lost by the driven pulley as a result of creep, if the stress on the
tight and slack side of the belt is 1.5MPa and 0.65 MPa respectively. The Young’s modulus for the
material of the belt is 100 MPa.
3) The power is transmitted from a pulley 1m dia running at 200r.p.m to a pulley 2.5m in dia by
means of a belt Find the speed lost by the driven pulley as a result of the creep, the belt is 50cm
wide and 10mm thick and if the tension on the tight and slack sides of the belt are 10N/mm width
and 4N/mm width respectively. Take the young’s modulus for the material of the belt is 100N/
mm2?
4) Find the lengths for both open belts drive and cross belt drive necessary to drive a pulley of
750mm diameter running parallel at a distance of 12 meters from the driving pulley of diameter
4000mm.
5) Two parallel shafts 7 meters apart are connected by crossed belt running over pulleys 50 cm and
70 cm diameters respectively. It is desired to alter the direction of rotation of the driven shaft
without that of the driving shaft. Find by, how much, the length of the belt is to be altered.
6) Two pulleys, one 450mm diameter and the other 200mm diameter are on parallel shafts 1.95m
apart and are connected by a open belt. Find the length of the belt required and the angle of contact
between the belt and each pulley.
What power can be transmitted by the belt when the larger pulley rotates at 200rpm, if the
maximum permissible tension in the belt is 1000N, and the coefficient of friction between the belt
and pulley is 0.25?
7) Find the width of the belt necessary to transmit 75kW to a pulley 300mm diameter, if the pulley
makes 1600rpm and the coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.22. Assume the
angle of contact as 2100 and the maximum tension in the belt is not to exceed 8N/mm width.
8) A flat belt is required to transmit 35kW from a pulley of 1.5m effective diameter running at
300rpm. The angle of lap is 1650 and µ=0.3. Determine, taking centrifugal tension into account,
width of the belt required. It is given that the belt thickness is 9.5mm, density of its material is 1.1
Mg/mm3 and the related permissible working stress is 2.5MPa.
9) A belt drive is required to transmit 12kW from a motor running at 720rpm. The belt is 12mm thick
and has a mass density of 0.001 gm/mm3. Shaft stress in the belt not to exceed 2.5N/mm2.
Diameter of driving pulley is 250mm whereas the speed of the driven pulley is 240rpm. The two
shafts are 1.25m apart. Coefficient of friction is 0.25. Determine the width of the belt.
10) A leather belt 125mm and 6mm thick, transmits power from a pulley with the angle of lap 1500
and µ=0.3. If the mass of 1 m3 of leather is 1 Mg and the stress in the belt is not to exceed 2.75 MPa,
find the maximum power that can be transmitted and the corresponding speed of the belt.
11) An open belt drive connects two pulleys 1.2m and 0.5m diameter on parallel shafts 3.6m apart.
The belt has a mass of 1kg/m length and maximum tension in it is not to exceed 2KN. The 1.2m
pulley, which is the driver, runs at 200rpm. Due to the belt slip on one of the pulleys, the velocity of
the driven shafts is only 450rpm. If µ=0.3, find
(i)Torque on each of the two shafts,
(ii)Power transmitted,
(iii)Power lost in friction, and
(iv)Efficiency of the drive.
12) In a belt drive, the tension ratio is 2.6. The mass of the belt is 1Kg/m length. It runs at a speed of
5m/s and at this speed, power transmitted is 8kW. What should be the initial tension in the belt and
what should be the strength of the belt?
13) A 100 mm wide and 10 mm thick belt transmits 5 kW between two parallel shafts. The distance
between the shaft centers is 1.5 m and the diameter of the smaller pulley is 440 mm. The driving
and the driven shafts rotate at 60rpm and 150 rpm respectively. Find the stress in the belt if the two
pulleys are connected by
(i) An open belt and
(ii) A cross belt
The coefficient of friction is 0.22.
14) The initial tension in a flat belt drive is 1800N. The angle of lap on the smaller pulley is 170 0.
µ=0.25. The pulley has a diameter of 0.9m and it runs at 450 rpm. Determine the power that can be
transmitted at the above speed. Neglect the centrifugal tension.