Biology-G12 worksheet

Give short and precise answers for the following questions

1. Define natural resources?
2. Identify which natural resources are renewable and nonrenewable resources?
3. Describe the role of biology in the conservation of natural resources?
4. What biological difference exists between conscious citizen and global citizen?
5. What are the major applications of biology in our day-to-day life?
6. Describe the process and importance of gene therapy?
7. What are the natural resources of Ethiopia?
8. Explain the mechanism of human practices for the sustainable management of natural
resources?
9. What should be done to thrive extinction of species?
10. Discuss the economic importance of natural resources?
11. Explain some of the traditional use and modern applications of biotechnology?
12. Describe which biological applications are useful in maintaining food security?
13. List some of the factors that influence the availability of food.
14. Explain the different effects associated with food and nutrition insecurity?
15. Try to write a short report about sustainable development (SD) by referring the SD Model on
page 14 of G-12 Biology text book?
16. Name the microorganisms applicable in dairy products and fermented meats?
17. Explain the role of microorganisms in making bread, teji, tella, wine and beer?
18. What is the other/chemical name for vitamins B2, B12, & C?
19. Draw flow charts showing the process of beer production?
20. Explain the advantages of developing transgenic farm animals?
21. What are the benefits of creating transgenic crops?
22. Explain the process of biological wastewater treatment through activated sludge involving
specific bacteria?
23. Give definitions for the following terms:
A. Single cell protein
B. Fermentation
C. Bioreactor/fermenter
D. Genetic engineering
E. Biosensor
F. Cloning
G. Tissue culture
H. Transgene
I. GMO
J. Animal Breeding
K. Effluent, Swage & Sludge
L. Bioremediation vs Biopesticides
M. Biotransformation vs Biodegradation,
N. Recombinant technology
 O. Distillation vs pasteurization
P. Metabolites/bio-products
Q. Leavening
R. Biofuels Vs Biogases
S. Flocs vs alum
Fill in the blank spaces with appropriate words or phrases
24. ___________________ are physical supplies that exist in nature such as energy, air, soil,
plants and animals.
25. The act of preserving, guarding and protecting resources is called ___________________
26. ______________ is used to develop new technologies that can improve our lives through
products and services.
27. One of the most important tools used in forensic science is ________________
28.
29. DNA analysis is one of the most important tools used in forensic science
30.
Choose one best answer from the given alternatives
31. Yeast is used in the production of
A. Sugar C. Hydrochloric acid
B. Alcohol D. None of the above
32. What is the other/chemical name for vitamin B12?
A. Thiamin B. Riboflavin C. Cobalamin D. Niacin
33. Prolonged malnutrition results in
A. Stunt growth C. Increases illness susceptibility
B. Slows cognitive development D. All of the above
34. Which one of the following is the reason behind the rising of bread dough?
A. Growth of yeast C. Formation of carbon dioxide
B. Hydrogenation of oil D. Emulsification of fats
35. Genetic engineering has been used to do all of the following except:
A. make plants more resistant to frost
B. make plants more resistant to disease
C. make plants more resistant to herbicides
D. improve the nutritional balance of plants
E. all of the above are correct.
36. The use of bovine growth hormone:
A. has raised controversy with groups opposed to genetic engineering
B. increased milk production in cows
C. is being tested on increasing the weight gain of cows
 D. is being tested as a treatment for dwarfism in humans
E. all of the above
37. Which of the following is a product for which bacteria are not employed?
A. bread C. lactic acid E. turpentine
B. cheese D. antibiotics
1. Natural resources are materials or substances occurring in nature which can be
exploited for economic gain 1.
2. Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished naturally
over time and are not depleted when used. Examples of renewable resources
include sunlight, water, wind, and trees. Non-renewable resources are natural
resources that cannot be replenished in a short amount of time and are finite.
Examples of non-renewable resources include metals, rocks, minerals, and
fossil fuels 234.
3. Biology plays a crucial role in the conservation of natural resources by
providing insights into the functioning of ecosystems and the impact of human
activities on them. Biologists study the interactions between living organisms
and their environment to understand how to protect and conserve natural
resources such as forests, oceans, and wildlife. They also develop strategies to
manage natural resources sustainably by balancing human needs with
environmental protection 56.
4. There is no biological difference between conscious citizen and global citizen.
5. Biology has numerous applications in our day-to-day life. It helps us
understand our bodies better, remain healthy, know about diseases, control
diseases, cure diseases, formulate drugs, increase food production, improve
livestock performance, protect the health of consumers by controlling the
production of food products, control pests in agriculture, etc78910.
6. Gene therapy is a medical procedure that involves the introduction or alteration
of genetic material within a person’s cells to treat or prevent disease. The
process involves inserting a functional gene into a patient’s cells to replace or
repair a faulty gene that is causing disease or to introduce a new gene that will
help fight disease. Gene therapy has the potential to cure genetic disorders that
were previously untreatable and to provide long-term relief from chronic
diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS 11.
7. Ethiopia is rich in natural resources such as coffee, gold, oil seeds, chat (a
stimulant plant), flowers, beeswax, honey, etc12.
8. Human practices for sustainable management of natural resources include
reducing waste generation by recycling and reusing materials; reducing energy
consumption by using energy-efficient appliances; conserving water by using
low-flow fixtures; protecting biodiversity by preserving habitats; reducing
greenhouse gas emissions by using renewable energy sources; promoting
sustainable agriculture practices; and promoting sustainable forestry practices
13
.
9. To thrive extinction of species, we need to protect their habitats from
destruction or degradation; reduce pollution levels; regulate hunting and fishing
activities; promote sustainable agriculture practices; promote sustainable
 forestry practices; promote conservation efforts through education and
awareness campaigns; and enforce laws that protect endangered species from
exploitation or harm 14.
10.Natural resources play an important role in the economy of many countries by
providing raw materials for industries such as agriculture, mining, forestry,
fishing, etc., creating jobs for people in these industries and generating revenue
for governments through taxes and royalties on resource extraction activities 15.
11.Biotechnology has numerous traditional uses such as fermentation for making
bread, cheese, yogurt, beer, wine etc., selective breeding for improving crop
yields and livestock performance etc., while modern applications include
genetic engineering for producing transgenic crops with desirable traits such as
pest resistance or drought tolerance; bioremediation for cleaning up
contaminated soil or water; biosensors for detecting pollutants or pathogens in
food or water; cloning for producing genetically identical organisms etc1617.
12.Biological applications useful in maintaining food security include genetic
engineering for producing crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or
drought tolerance; biotechnology for improving crop yields through selective
breeding techniques; bioremediation for cleaning up contaminated soil or water
used for agriculture; biosensors for detecting pathogens in food products etc1617.
13.Factors that influence the availability of food include climate change which
affects crop yields; soil degradation which reduces soil fertility; water scarcity
which affects irrigation practices; pests which damage crops; diseases which
affect livestock health etc18.
14.Food insecurity can lead to malnutrition which can cause stunted growth in
children and increase the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart
disease in adults. It can also lead to social unrest due to food riots or conflicts
over scarce resources 19.
15.Sustainable development (SD) refers to development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs[20(p14)]. The SD model on page 14 of G-12 Biology textbook
emphasizes three main components: economic growth (prosperity), social
inclusion (people), and environmental protection (planet). These components
are interdependent and must be balanced to achieve sustainable development.
16.Microorganisms play a crucial role in the production of dairy products and
fermented meats. Some of the microorganisms used in dairy products include
Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus
acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. In fermented meats, microorganisms
such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Staphylococcus
carnosus are used 1.
17.Microorganisms play a vital role in the production of bread, teji, tella, wine,
and beer. In bread production, yeast is used to ferment the dough and produce
 carbon dioxide gas that causes the bread to rise. In teji and tella production,
yeast and lactic acid bacteria are used to ferment the honey or barley malt and
produce alcohol and lactic acid. In wine production, yeast is used to ferment
grape juice and produce alcohol. In beer production, malted barley is mashed
with hot water to extract sugars that are then boiled with hops. The resulting
liquid is cooled and fermented with yeast to produce beer 2.
18.The chemical name for vitamin B2 is riboflavin, vitamin B12 is cobalamin, and
vitamin C is ascorbic acid 3.
19.The process of beer production involves several steps that can be represented in
a flow chart. The steps include malting, milling, mashing, lautering (wort
separation), boiling (hops addition), fermentation by yeast, maturation and
carbonation, pasteurization or filtration, and packaging 4.
20.Developing transgenic farm animals has several advantages such as improving
animal health by reducing susceptibility to diseases, increasing productivity by
enhancing growth rates or milk yields, improving food safety by reducing the
risk of bacterial contamination or allergenicity of animal products, and
reducing environmental impact by decreasing waste production or resource
consumption 5.
21.Creating transgenic crops has several benefits such as increasing crop yields by
enhancing resistance to pests or environmental stressors, improving food
quality by enhancing nutritional content or reducing allergenicity of crops,
reducing environmental impact by decreasing pesticide use or resource
consumption, and improving economic viability for farmers by increasing crop
productivity 6.
22.Biological wastewater treatment through activated sludge involves specific
bacteria that break down organic matter in wastewater into carbon dioxide and
water. The process involves adding activated sludge (a mixture of bacteria) to
wastewater in an aeration tank where oxygen is supplied to promote bacterial
growth. The bacteria consume organic matter in the wastewater as a food
source and produce carbon dioxide and water as waste products. The treated
wastewater is then separated from the activated sludge using sedimentation
tanks 7.
23.

A. Single cell protein refers to protein derived from microorganisms such as bacteria
or fungi that can be used as a food source for humans or animals.

B. Fermentation refers to the process of converting carbohydrates into alcohol or

organic acids using microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria.
C. A bioreactor/fermenter is a device used for growing large quantities of
microorganisms under controlled conditions.

D. Genetic engineering refers to the manipulation of an organism’s genetic material

using biotechnology techniques.

E. A biosensor is a device that uses biological molecules such as enzymes or

antibodies to detect the presence of specific substances.

F. Cloning refers to the process of creating genetically identical copies of an

organism.

G. Tissue culture refers to the process of growing cells or tissues outside of their
natural environment under controlled conditions.

H. A transgene is a gene that has been artificially introduced into an organism’s

genome using genetic engineering techniques.

I. GMO stands for genetically modified organism and refers to an organism whose
genetic material has been altered using biotechnology techniques.

J. Animal breeding refers to the selective breeding of animals with desirable traits in
order to improve their offspring.

K. Effluent refers to wastewater that has been treated before being discharged into the
environment while sewage refers to untreated wastewater from households or
industries that contains human waste while sludge refers to solid waste produced
during wastewater treatment.

L. Bioremediation involves using microorganisms to break down pollutants in the

environment while biopesticides are pesticides derived from natural sources such as
plants or microorganisms.

M. Biotransformation involves converting one chemical compound into another using

biological processes while biodegradation involves breaking down complex organic
compounds into simpler compounds using microorganisms.

N. Recombinant technology involves combining DNA from different sources using

genetic engineering techniques.
O. Distillation involves separating components of a liquid mixture based on
differences in boiling points while pasteurization involves heating food products to
kill harmful bacteria.

P. Metabolites/bio-products refer to chemicals produced by living organisms during

metabolic processes.

Q. Leavening refers to the process of adding yeast or other leavening agents to dough
in order to make it rise during baking.

R. Biofuels are fuels derived from renewable biological sources such as plants while
biog

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Biofuels and biogases are both renewable energy sources that can be used as an
alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Biofuels are derived from biomass, which
includes agricultural and forestry residues, energy crops, and organic waste. They can
be converted into liquid or gaseous forms, such as ethanol or biogas 123. Biogas is
produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic organisms or methanogens inside an
anaerobic digester, biodigester, or a bioreactor 4.

Flocs and alum are both used in water treatment. Flocs are clusters of particles that
form when a coagulant such as alum is added to water. The flocs then settle to the
bottom of the water container, taking with them impurities such as dirt and bacteria .
Alum is a coagulant that is commonly used in water treatment to remove impurities
from the water .

I hope this helps!

Here are the definitions for the terms you requested:

A. Single cell protein (SCP): SCP refers to edible unicellular microorganisms such as
algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria that can be used as a substitute for protein-rich foods.
The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of these microorganisms
is suitable for human consumption or as animal feeds 1.

BFermentation: Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids,

gases, or alcohol using yeast or bacteria under anaerobic conditions 2.

C. Bioreactor/fermenter: A bioreactor or fermenter is a vessel or container designed

to provide an optimal environment in which microorganisms or their enzymes interact
with a substrate to produce the required product. In the bioreactor, aeration, agitation,
temperature, and pH are controlled 3.

DGenetic engineering: Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an

organism’s genetic material to introduce new traits or characteristics that are not
naturally present in the organism 4.

E. Biosensor: A biosensor is an analytical device that uses biological components

such as enzymes, antibodies, or microorganisms to detect and measure chemical
compounds .

F. Cloning: Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an organism by

replicating its genetic material .

G. Tissue culture: Tissue culture is the process of growing cells or tissues outside of
their natural environment under controlled conditions .

H. Transgene: A transgene is a gene that has been artificially introduced into an

organism’s genome through genetic engineering techniques .

I. GMO: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic

material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or
natural recombination .

J. Animal Breeding: Animal breeding is the process of selecting animals with

desirable traits and breeding them to produce offspring with those traits .

K. Effluent, Swage & Sludge: Effluent refers to wastewater that has been treated and
released into the environment. Sewage refers to wastewater that has not been treated
and may contain human waste and other pollutants. Sludge refers to the solid material
that remains after wastewater treatment .
L. Bioremediation vs Biopesticides: Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to
break down pollutants in the environment into less harmful substances. Biopesticides
are pesticides derived from natural materials such as plants, bacteria, and fungi that
can be used to control pests .

M. Biotransformation vs Biodegradation: Biotransformation is the process by

which microorganisms transform one chemical compound into another.
Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic substances by microorganisms into
simpler compounds such as carbon dioxide and water .

N. Recombinant technology: Recombinant technology is a technique used in genetic

engineering to combine DNA from different sources into a single molecule .

O. Distillation vs pasteurization: Distillation is a process used to separate two or

more liquids based on their boiling points by heating them and collecting their vapors.
Pasteurization is a process used to kill harmful bacteria in food by heating it to a
specific temperature for a certain period of time without changing its taste or
nutritional value .

P. Metabolites/bio-products: Metabolites are small molecules produced by metabolic

processes in living organisms. Bio-products are products derived from biological
sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms .

Q. Leavening: Leavening is the process of adding yeast or other leavening agents to

dough or batter to make it rise during baking .

R. Biofuels Vs Biogases: Biofuels are fuels derived from biological sources such as
plants and animals that can be used as alternatives to fossil fuels. Biogases are gases
produced by the breakdown of organic matter such as food waste and animal manure .

S. Flocs vs alum: Flocs are clusters of bacteria and other particles that form in water
during treatment processes such as coagulation and flocculation. Alum is a chemical
compound commonly used in water treatment processes to help remove impurities by
forming flocs with suspended particles .