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4
Cl –
400
Pb(aq.)
PbCl 2(s) 2
2Cl(aq.)
A BC K (1)
eq B C P K (2)
eq
K (2) eq K eq
(1)
eq – K eq K (1) (2)
eq K eq K (1) (2)
eq / K eq K (1) (2)
[B][C]
A B C K (1)
eq
[A]
[P]
B C P K (2)
eq
[B][C]
[P]
A P K eq
[A]
[P]
eq K eq
K (1) K eq
(2)
[A]
1
2
1
5M, ml
2
1.5
0.5
10 –3 40 1 – 10 1 2
6 10 4
40 10
x
15
X Y 2Z
t 0 1 1.5 0.5
At eq. 0.75 1.25 1
12 16
3 5 15
4 4
A(aq.)
AB2 (s) 2
2B(aq.) : K sp
S 2S
x 1
PCl 1
2x 2
x 1
PCl2 1
2x 2
2
1
1
K p 2 0.5 5 10 1
1 2
2
K1
Cu 2 NH 3
[Cu(NH 3 )]
2
K2
[Cu(NH 3 )]2 NH 3
[Cu(NH3 )2 ]
2
[Cu(NH3 )2 ]2 NH3
3
K
[Cu(NH 3 )3 ]
2
K
[Cu(NH3 )3 ]2 NH 3
4
[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]
2
Cu 2 NH 3
1
K
[Cu(NH 3 )]
2
K2
[Cu(NH3 )]2 NH3
[Cu(NH 3 )2 ]
2
K3
[Cu(NH 3 )2 ]2 NH 3
[Cu(NH 3 )3 ]
2
K4
[Cu(NH 3 )3 ]2 NH 3
[Cu(NH 3 )4 ]
2
K
Cu 2 4NH3
[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]
2
1
K
1
K'
K
1
K'
7.9 1011
Given : 2 1.41
9
K sp PbI 8 10
2
2
Pb (aq) 2NO3 (aq)
0.1
2 10 4
S 141 10 6 M
2
0.465 0.93
19 1.9
1.93 1.93
0.535
1.9
1.93
1
2
1
2
B x
10
C 22 x
S (A 2 X )
S (MX )
4S13 4 10 12
S22 4 10 12
SA 2 X 10 4
50
SMX 2 10 6
H 2 SO3 (aq) H (aq) HSO 3 (aq) : ka1 1.7 10 2
1.7 [H ][HSO3 ]
Ka1
100 [H 2 SO 3 ]
1.7 x2
100 0.58 x
[H ] x 0.09186
2 100
[x ][A ] 0.1 x
2 10 6
[HA] 0.01
x 2 10 7
2 10 5
0.01 0.01
rG0
KC
8.3 400