Measures of Variability

CRISANTO C. LIMSON, Ph.D.

Range (Ungrouped)
The difference between the highest and the lowest
value.
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑅 = 𝐻 − 𝐿

What is the Range of the following scores of students in a Math quiz:

14, 8, 11, 9, 16, 7, 5, 13, 17, 19, 10
Variance and Standard Deviation
The variance is the average of the squared differences
from the mean. To figure out the variance, first calculate
the difference between each point and the mean; then,
square and average the results.

Standard deviation is a statistic that looks at how far

from the mean a group of numbers is, by using the
square root of the variance.
Variance and Standard Deviation
for ungrouped Data (Sample)
σ 2
(𝑥 − 𝑥)
ҧ
𝜎2 = σ (𝑥 − 𝑥)ҧ 2
𝑛−1 𝜎=
𝑛−1
𝜎 2 = Variance 𝜎 = Standard Deviation
𝑥 = 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝑥=
ҧ mean 𝑥ҧ = mean
n = number of items n = number of items
What is the Variance and Standard Deviation of the
following scores of students in a Math quiz: 14, 8,
11, 9, 16, 13, 17, 10
𝑥 (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )2
14
8
11
9
16
13
17
10
(x-)2 =
What is the Variance and Standard Deviation of the
following scores of students in a Math quiz: 12, 8,
11, 9, 14, 13, 17, 10, 5
𝑥 (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )2
12
8
11
9
14
13
17
10
5
Go to Whiteboard.fi
Solve for Range, Variance and Standard Deviation of the
following scores of students in a Math quiz: 6, 8, 11, 9, 16, 13, 10
𝑥 (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )2
6
8
11
9
16
13
10
N= (x-)2 =
Range (Grouped)
The difference between the upper boundary of the
highest class interval and the lower boundary of the
lowest class interval. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑅 = 𝑈𝐿𝐻𝐶𝐼 − 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐼

What is the Range of the data set below?

Class Frequency
Interval (f)
10 – 14 1
15 – 19 4
20 – 24 7
25 – 29 5
30 – 34 2
35 – 39 1
Range (Grouped)
The difference between the upper boundary of the
highest class interval and the lower boundary of the
lowest class interval. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑅 = 𝑈𝐿𝐻𝐶𝐼 − 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐼

What is the Range of the data set below?

Class Interval Frequen
cy
(f)
101 – 104 1
97 – 100 4
93 – 96 7
89 – 92 5
85 – 88 2
81 – 84 1
How to compute Variance and
Standard Deviation for
grouped Data?
σ 2
𝑓(𝑥 − 𝜇)
𝜎2 = σ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝜇)2
𝑛−1 𝜎=
𝑛−1
𝜎 2 = Variance 𝜎 = Standard Deviation
f = Frequency f = Frequency
𝑥 = 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝜇 = mean 𝜇 = mean
n = number of items n = number of items
 What is the Variance and Standard Deviation of the
following scores of students in a Math quiz:
Class Frequency 𝑴𝒊𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 fx (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )2 f(𝑥 − )2 σ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝜇) 2
Interval (f) (𝑥) 𝜎2 =
𝑛−1
10 – 14 1
15 – 19 4
20 – 24 7
25 – 29 5
30 – 34 2
35 – 39 1
N= fx = f(𝑥 − )2
=
 What is the Variance and Standard Deviation of the
following scores of students in a Math quiz:
Class Frequency 𝑴𝒊𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 fx (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )2 f(𝑥 − )2 σ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝜇) 2
Interval (f) (𝑥) 𝜎2 =
𝑛−1
101 – 104 1
97 – 100 4
93 – 96 7
89 – 92 5
85 – 88 2
81 – 84 1
N= fx = f(𝑥 − )2
=
 Go to Whiteboard.fi
What is the Range, Variance and Standard Deviation
of the following scores of students in a Math quiz:
Class Frequency 𝑴𝒊𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 fx (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )2 f(𝑥 − )2 σ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝜇) 2
Interval (f) (𝑥) 𝜎2 =
𝑛−1
11 – 14 1
15 – 18 4
19 – 22 9
23 – 26 5
27 – 30 2
31 – 34 1
N= fx = f(𝑥 − )2
=