Exam 1 Study Guide

Chapters 1-3

Chapter 1:
1. Study lab equipment and lab safety - both are found on google classroom
Vocabulary:
Substance-Matter that has definite and uniform composition
Qualitative data- Describes physical characteristics of an object
Quantitative data- Info which can be expressed in numbers
Hypothesis- Testable statement
independent variable- Variable which scientist manipulate and change
Dependent variable- Variable which changes as a result of the independent variable
changing
Control- Unchanging
Theory- Explanation of natural phenomenon based on countless observation and test
Law- Describes a relationship in nature backed by many experiments

2. Understand the parts of an experiment and be able to label the different parts.

Chapter 2:
Vocabulary:
Base unit- Time: seconds; Length: meters; Mass: kilograms/grams; Temperature: Kelvin;
Electric current: ampere; Luminous intensity: Candela
Derived unit
Density- Physical property of matter and its defined as the amount of mass per unit volume
Accuracy- How close the measure value is to the accepted value
Precision- How close a series of measurements are to one another
Error-

3. D=? M=42.5g V=14.5mL- 2.63 g/mL

4. D=3.87g/mL M=? V=9.57mL- 37.04 g
 5. D=43.6g/mL M=234.9g V=?- 5.39 mL
6. Write the following in scientific notation:
a. 753,000,000,000-7.53*1011
b. 0.0000000023-2.3*10-9
7. Write the following in regular notation:
a. 3.65 X 109-3,650,000,000
b. 8.53 X 10-12-0.00000000000853
8. Add or subtract the following:
a. (2.7 X 1012) + (7.5 X 1012) =10.2*1012
b. (9.1 X 10-4) - (5.3 X 10-4) =3.8*10-4
9. Multiply or divide the following:
a. (3.9 X 102) X (8.2 X 108) =32*1010
b. (7.5 X 109) / (2.9 X 10-3) =22*106
10. Convert 753 seconds to milliseconds.-753,000ms
11. Convert 24 grams to kilograms.-0.024kg
12. The following number was the actual density of the unknown substance: 8.34g/mL -
what is the percent error of the following density measurements?
a. 8.62g/mL-3.35%
b. 6.91g/mL-17.14%
13. Determine the amount of significant digits of the following numbers:
a. 73203.20- 7 sig digs
b. 0.0000244- 3 sig digs
c. 3502.0- 5 sig digs

Chapter 3:
Vocabulary:
Vapor-Any gas that is a liquid at room temperature
Physical property-Characteristics which can be observed without changing its composition
Extensive-It changes based on the amount of the substance present
Intensive-Doesn’t change no matter the amount of substance present
Chemical property-Ability or inability to change/combine into 1 or more substances
Law of conservation of mass-Matter can not be created or destroyed, only changes
homogeneous mixture-Mixture where it is a constant composition
Heterogeneous mixture-Mixture where the substances are very distinct and noticeable
Filtration-Separation by using barriers
Distillation-Separation by using difference in boiling point
Crystallization-Making crystals from one substance within a solution
Sublimation-When solid becomes gas without becoming a liquid
Chromatography-Separation of liquids or gasses by how far they travel on a solid surface
Element-Pure substance that can not be separated further
Compound-Combination of two or more elements
Law of definite proportions-A compound is always made of the same elements in the same
fixed ratio

14. List the 4 states of matter and an example of each.-Gas: oxygen; Liquid: Water; Solid:
Gold; Plasma: Fire
15. List some physical properties of sodium chloride (hint - check your book).-Oderless, has
taste, white, solid, melting point at 801 C, density of 2.17 g/cm^3
16. Write 3 examples of extensive properties.- Mass, height, volume
17. Write 3 examples of intensive properties.-Melting point, boiling point, density
18. Give 3 examples of phase changes.-Ice melts to water, then water evaporates into
vapor and vapor condenses into water.
19. Give 3 examples of chemical changes.-Iron rusting by oxygen, potassium exploding in
water, Banana ripening
20. Solve the following using percent by mass formula:
a. A 23.7-g sample of an unknown compound contains 7.1 g of oxygen. What is the
percent by mass of oxygen?-29.96%
21. Use the Law of conservation of mass:
a. If 45.8 g of sodium combines with an excess of chlorine to form 347.2 g of
sodium chloride, what mass of chlorine gas is used in the reaction?-301.4 g of Cl