6 MATTER AS PARTICLES

6 Matter as Particles

S ECTIONAL E XERCISE
6.1 Particle theory efer to Textbook
p.143–159
Sectional Exercise

A. True or false (5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. All matter is made up of particles. T

2. Air has mass. T

3. There are different types of particles. T

4. Different particles have the same size but different masses. F

Integrated Exercise

5. A molecule cannot be separated into smaller particles. F

B. Multiple-choice (7 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Which of the following are matter?

(1) Air (2) Sound (3) Cloud
Spelling Corner

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) B

2. Which of the following statements about the particle theory are correct?
(1) There are empty spaces between particles.
(2) Particles are moving all the time.
(3) Particles are very small.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) D

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 Matter as Particles 6

3. A smoke particle P travels in a zigzag path in air as shown on

the right. Which of the following statements best explains the
motion of P?
P
A. P is heavier than air particles.
B. P is pushed randomly by air particles.
C. P is larger than air particles.
D. P can move in a zigzag path on its own. B

Sectional Exercise
4. One of the main points of the particle theory is that there are empty spaces between
particles. Which of the following results of experiments provide(s) evidence supporting this
main point?
(1) We can smell the perfume contained in a balloon.
(2) When water and alcohol are mixed, the total volume of the liquids will decrease.
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only D. None of the above C

5. Which of the following diagrams best shows a water molecule?

Integrated Exercise
A. B.

C. D.

A
Spelling Corner

6. Which of the following statements about atoms or molecules is/are correct?

(1) An atom is the ‘smallest’ unit of matter.
(2) A molecule consists of at least two atoms.
(3) Iron is made up of iron molecules.
A. (1) only B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) B

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 6 Matter as Particles

E 7. How many atoms does a carbon dioxide molecule (chemical formula: CO2) consist of?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4 C

C. Fill in the blanks (6 marks)

1. All matter has two properties: it has (a) mass and it takes up (b) space .
Sectional Exercise

2. Pollen grains move (a) randomly on their own in still water. The motion of the
pollen grains is called (b) Brownian motion .

3. An atom is the basic type of particle making up matter.

4. A molecule consists of two or more atoms joined together.

D. Questions (10 marks)

Integrated Exercise

1. Complete the following figure which summarizes the main points of the particle theory.
(4 marks)
All matter is made up of
(a) particles (1m) . Particles are very small.

Different matter is made up of

There are (b) empty spaces (1m)
between particles.
PARTICLE (c) different (1m) particles.
THEORY
Spelling Corner

Particles are moving (d) Different particles have different

all the time. sizes and masses. (1m)

E 2. Write down the chemical formula for each of the following molecules. (3 marks)
(a)  (b)  (c)

O C O O O O
H H

CO2 (1m) O2 (1m) H2O (1m)

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 Matter as Particles 6

3. Joseph had a barbecue with his family. When he returned

home, he found his clothes still had the barbecue smell.
Explain this briefly based on the particle theory. (3 marks)
When the charcoal burns, some of its (a) particles (1m)

go into the air. They (b) move randomly (1m) in

the air and some of them (c) stick onto Joseph’s clothes. (1m)

Sectional Exercise
. Therefore, the clothes still had the
barbecue smell.
Total Score :   / 28

6.2 Particle model for the three states of matter efer to Textbook
p.160–167

A. True or false (5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

Integrated Exercise
1. Gases have fixed volume. F

2. The particles in a gas are far apart. T

3. The particles in solids can only vibrate about fixed positions. T

4. From the particle model, the molecules of water are close together and cannot move
around each other. F

5. When a gas is compressed, its particles decrease in size. F

B. Multiple-choice (4 marks)

Spelling Corner
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Which of the following substances is/are solid(s)?

(1) Honey (2) Sand (3) Ice cream (in a freezer)

A. (2) only B. (3) only

C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only D

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 6 Matter as Particles

2. Scientists classify matter as a solid, a liquid or a gas based on

A. whether it is transparent.
B. whether it has mass.
C. whether it has fixed shape and fixed volume.
D. whether it can be seen with the naked eye. C

3. Which of the following statements about the particle models of solids, liquids and gases
is correct?
Sectional Exercise

A. The particles in gases have equal distances from any other particles.
B. The particles in liquids are close together.
C. The particles in solids can move around freely.
D. The particles in solids stay at rest. B

4. In an experiment, the air in a syringe can be compressed as

shown on the right. This experiment shows that push
plunger

(1) air particles are far apart.

(2) air particles can move freely in all directions. air
Integrated Exercise

(3) air particles have mass.

A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only D. (1) and (3) only A

C. Fill in the blanks (3 marks)

1. Matter can exist in three (a) states : solid, (b) liquid and gas.

2. The particle model describes the arrangements and movements of

Spelling Corner

the particles in solids, liquids and gases.

D. Questions (20 marks)

1. Complete the table below to compare the properties of a solid, a liquid and a gas. (8 marks)

Solid Liquid Gas

Does it have mass? yes yes (1m) yes (1m)

Does it have fixed volume? yes (1m) yes (1m) no (1m)

Does it have fixed shape? yes (1m) no (1m) no (1m)

transparent 透明
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 Matter as Particles 6

2. We can make an analogy between the behaviours of particles in different states of matter and
the behaviours of students in a school. In the following groups of students, each student
represents a particle. Complete the table below to make the analogy. (9 marks)

Group P Group Q Group R

Having a P.E. lesson During a lesson During recess

Sectional Exercise
Group P Group Q Group R

State of matter (a) gas (1m) (b) solid (1m) (c) liquid (1m)
represented

Integrated Exercise
Distance between (d) far apart (1m) (e) closely packed (1m) closely packed
particles

Arrangement of (f) irregular (1m) regular (g) irregular (1m)

particles

(h) free to move in all (i) vibrate about fixed move around each
Motion of particles directions (1m) positions (1m) other

3. Draw the arrangements of particles in a solid, a liquid and a gas in the boxes below. (3 marks)

Spelling Corner
(a) solid (b) liquid (c) gas

(1m) (1m) (1m)

Total Score :   / 32

analogy 比擬
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 6 Matter as Particles

6.3 Dissolving efer to Textbook

p.168–173

A. True or false (3 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. After sugar has completely dissolved in water, the sugar particles spread out evenly in
the solution formed. T

2. When sugar dissolves in water, the volume of the sugar solution formed is slightly less
Sectional Exercise

than the total volume of the sugar and water before dissolving. T

3. Mass is not conserved in dissolving. F

B. Multiple-choice (3 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Some salt crystals has dissolved in water. Which of the following statements about the
dissolving are correct?
Integrated Exercise

(1) The salt particles change from the solid state to the liquid state.
(2) The salt particles separate and mix with the water particles.
(3) The total number of the salt particles remains unchanged.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) C

2. In an experiment, a purple crystal of a salt is put into water. Upon gentle stirring, the crystal
dissolves after five minutes and a purple solution is formed.
Spelling Corner

water

purple solution

crystal

beginning after five minutes

Which of the following statements can be concluded from this experiment?

(1) The salt particles and water particles have different sizes.
(2) The salt particles spread out evenly in the solution after the dissolving.
(3) The number of the salt particles remains unchanged during the dissolving.
(The solution has a paler colour than the crystal, but this is not enough to conclude (3).)
A. (2) only B. (1) and (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only A

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 Matter as Particles 6

3. The figure on the right shows the arrangement of particles

sugar particle
in a sugar solution. Which of the following statements
water particle
about the particles is/are correct?
(1) The sugar particles vibrate about fixed positions in the cup.
(2) The water particles can move around other particles in the cup.
(3) The sugar particles will move down and eventually stay at the bottom of the cup.
A. (2) only B. (3) only

Sectional Exercise
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only A

C. Fill in the blanks (4 marks)

1. When sugar (a) dissolves in water, the sugar particles (b) separate and
(c) mix with the water particles. A sugar solution is formed.

2. Mass is conserved (which means remain unchanged) in dissolving.

Integrated Exercise
D. Questions (6 marks)
1. In an experiment, 30 g of salt is added to some water. The water
is then stirred until the salt has dissolved in the water completely.
salt
The solution formed has a mass of 280 g.

(a) What is the mass of the water before the salt is added?(1 mark)
Mass = 280 g – 30 g = 250 g (1m)
water
(b) Name the instrument that can be used to measure the mass of

Spelling Corner
a solution in the laboratory. (1 mark)
Electronic balance (1m)
stir
2. In an experiment, some sugar is dissolved in water. The volume of
the solution decreases slightly in dissolving. Explain this using the glass rod
particle theory. (4 marks)
From the (a) particle theory (1m) , there are spaces between water
particles. Water particles are (b) smaller (1m) than
sugar particles and (c) fit into the spaces between the sugar particles (1m)
sugar
. Therefore,
(d) the volume decreases slightly (1m) in dissolving.

Total Score :   / 16

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 6 Matter as Particles

6.4 Thermal expansion and contraction efer to Textbook

p.174–180

A. True or false (3 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. When a substance is heated, its particles will increase in size. F

2. The speeds of particles in a substance depend on the temperature of the substance. T

3. When particles in a substance move slower, they will become closer together. T
Sectional Exercise

B. Fill in the blanks (5 marks)

1. Most substances (a) expand on heating and (b) contract on cooling. This is
called (c) thermal expansion and contraction .

2. (a) Thermometers and (b) fire sprinklers work by making use of

thermal expansion and contraction.
Integrated Exercise

C. Multiple-choice (3 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. A statue heats up under the Sun. Which of the following

will increase when the statue heats up?
(1) Mass of the statue
(2) Volume of the statue
(3) Number of particles in the statue
Spelling Corner

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (2) and (3) only B

2. Which of the following statements about the particles in the three states of matter are correct?
(1) When a gas is heated, its particles become further away from each other.
(2) When a liquid is cooled, its particles move slower.
(3) When a solid is cooled, its particles become smaller.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) A

statue 雕像
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 Matter as Particles 6

3. Which of the following is/are example(s) of thermal expansion and contraction?

(1)  (2)  (3)

dented metal lid

ping-pong ball

A dented ping-pong ball A beaker will break A tight metal lid can be

Sectional Exercise
restores its shape in hot if washed immediately removed more easily by
water. after heating. putting it in hot water.

A. (1) only B. (1) and (2) only

C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) D

D. Questions (9 marks)
1. A toy is shown on the right. When we are holding the lower
chamber of the toy, the liquid inside will rise and fill the upper upper chamber

Integrated Exercise
chamber. Briefly explain why. (4 marks)
When we are holding the lower chamber, the air inside
(a) is heated up (1m) . The air particles inside
(b) move faster (1m) and become
lower chamber
(c) further apart (1m) . As a result, the air
liquid
(d) expands (1m) and pushes the liquid to the upper
chamber.

Spelling Corner
2. (a) Using the particle theory, explain what will happen to the size of a substance when its
temperature decreases. (3 marks)
When temperature decreases, the particles of the substance (i) will move slower (1m)

and become (ii) closer together (1m) .

As a result, the substance will (iii) decrease in size (1m) .

(b) Overhead power lines need to be left slack when they are overhead power lines
installed. Explain this from the point of view of thermal
expansion and contraction. (2 mark)
This is aimed at preventing the power lines from
(i) breaking (1m) when they (ii) contract (1m)

in cold weather.
Total Score :   / 20
slack 鬆弛
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 6 Matter as Particles

E x te n s
6.5 Gas pressure ion efer to Textbook
p.181–192

A. True or false (3 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. Gas particles can move freely in all directions. T

2. When temperature increases, gas particles move faster. T

3. We cannot feel atmospheric pressure because it is too small to be sensed by our

Sectional Exercise

bodies. F

B. Multiple-choice (3 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Which of the following objects make(s) use of gas pressure?

(1) Inflated football (2) Suction cup (3) Aerosol can
Integrated Exercise

A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) D

2. Which of the following statements about gas pressure is/are correct?

Spelling Corner

(1) Gas pressure increases with the temperature of the gas.

(2) Gas pressure increases with the volume of the gas.
(3) Gas pressure increases with the number of particles in the gas.
A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) B

3. When a gas is compressed,

(1) its gas particles become smaller.
(2) its gas particles hit the container walls more frequently.
(3) the gas pressure decreases.
A. (2) only B. (1) and (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only A

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 Matter as Particles 6

C. Fill in the blanks (9 marks)

1. Gas pressure is produced when gas particles hit the walls of the container.

2. When the temperature of a gas increases, the gas particles move (a) faster . They
hit the container walls (b) harder and (c) more frequently . As a result,
the gas pressure (d) increases .

Sectional Exercise
3. The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the (a) atmosphere . When objects on the
Earth are (b) hit by the air particles in the atmosphere, a pressure is produced.
This pressure is called the (c) atmospheric pressure or (d) air pressure .

D. Questions (17 marks)

1. An air lounger is a bag filled with air. When the air lounger is inflated, people can sit on it
like sitting on a chair. Explain this using the particle theory. (3 marks)

Integrated Exercise
air lounger

The (a) air particles (1m) inside the air lounger hit the walls of the lounger and
(b) gas pressure (1m) is produced. This gas pressure (c) supports the body

Spelling Corner
weight (1m) of the people sitting on it.

2. The existence of atmospheric pressure can be shown

using the Magdeburg hemispheres. The steps are shown
below. Arrange the steps in the correct order. (2 marks)

I. Hold the hemispheres together and turn on the

pump to remove the air inside.
II. Connect the hemispheres to a vacuum pump. Magdeburg hemispheres
III. Try to pull the two hemispheres apart.
IV. Close the valve and disconnect the hemispheres from the pump.

Correct order: II  I  IV  III (2m)

existence 存在
65
 6 Matter as Particles

3. An experiment is set up as shown below. What will happen to the balloon when the vacuum
pump is switched on? Explain your answer using the particle theory. (6 marks)
to vacuum
pump
Sectional Exercise

balloon

bell jar

The balloon will (a) expand (1m) . When the vacuum pump is switched on, (b) air (1m)

is drawn out of the bell jar. There are (c) fewer air particles hitting the wall of the bell jar (1m)

so the gas pressure in the bell jar

Integrated Exercise

(d) decreases (1m) . As a result, the air pressure inside the balloon is (e) larger (1m)

than that outside and the balloon (f) expands (1m) .

4. Glass suction lifters are usually used to hold a piece of glass. When we use a suction lifter,
we need to pull its handle down as shown below. The rubber sheet of the suction lifter will
then move up and the suction lifter will attach to the glass firmly.

handle
pull
Spelling Corner

glass
suction lifter

glass rubber sheet rubber sheet is

lifted up

Using the particle theory, explain how a glass suction lifter works. (6 marks)
When the handle is pulled down, the rubber sheet is moved up and the (a) volume (1m)

under the suction lifter increases. The air particles inside (b) hit (1m) the
walls of the suction lifter (c) less frequently (1m) so the air pressure inside
(d) decreases (1m) . As a result, the air pressure inside is (e) lower than (1m)

that outside and (f) the air pressure outside (1m) pushes the suction lifter to
the glass firmly.
Total Score :   / 32

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 Matter as Particles 6

6.6 Density efer to Textbook

p.193–210

A. True or false (5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. If two objects have the same volume, they must have the same mass. F

2. If an iron is divided into two smaller pieces, each piece of iron has a lower density

Sectional Exercise
than the original iron. (The smaller piece of iron has the same density as the original iron.) F

3. Ice has a lower density than water. T

4. Oil floats on top of water because oil is lighter than water. F

E 5. The density of air increases with its temperature. F

B. Multiple-choice (5 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Which of the following is/are the unit(s) of density?

Integrated Exercise
(1) g/cm3  (2) cm3/g (3) kg/m3
A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only C

2. The masses and volumes of four objects are shown below. Which object has the highest
density?
Mass Volume
A. 10 g 10 cm3

Spelling Corner
B. 20 g 40 cm3
C. 30 g 20 cm3
D. 40 g 30 cm3 C

3. The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. What is the volume of a silver

ring if its mass is 2.1 g?
A. 0.2 cm3 B. 5 cm3
C. 10.5 cm3 D. 22.5 cm3 A

4. In the set-up on the right, X and Z are liquids while

Y is a solid. Y floats in Z but sinks in X. Arrange X, Y and Z in
ascending order of density. liquid X

A. X, Y, Z B. Z, Y, X solid Y

C. X, Z, Y D. Y, Z, X A liquid Z

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 6 Matter as Particles

E 5. Which of the following statements best explains why hot air rises and cold air sinks?
A. Air particles move faster in hot air than in cold air.
B. The pressure of hot air is larger than that of cold air.
C. Air particles in hot air are lighter than the air particles in cold air.
D. Hot air has lower density than cold air. D

C. Fill in the blanks (6 marks)

Sectional Exercise

1. (a) Density is the (b) mass per unit (c) volume of a

substance. Its unit is g/cm3 or kg/m3.

2. Whether an object floats or sinks in a liquid depends on (a) density . An object

(b) floats in a liquid if its density is lower than that of the liquid. An object
(c) sinks in a liquid if its density is higher than that of the liquid.
Integrated Exercise

D. Questions (18 marks)

1. Paul is finding the density of a cork. He first measures the mass of the cork with a balance.
Then, he ties the cork to a metal block with a thread, and puts them into a measuring cylinder
of water to measure the volume of the cork as shown below.

cmcm
3 3
cm3 cmcm
3 3
cm3 cmcm
3 3
cm3
cork
cork 100100
90 90
100
90
100100
90 90
100
90
100100
90 90
100
90
80 80 80 thread 80 80 80 80 80 80
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
50 50
40 40
50
40
metal 50 50
40 40
50
40
50 50
40 40
50
40
30 30 30 block 30 30 30 30 30 30
Spelling Corner

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

(a) Find the volume of the cork. (2 marks)

Volume = 90 cm3 – 70 cm3 (1m) = 20 cm3 (1m)

(b) Find the density of the cork. (2 marks)

mass 15 g
Density = = (1m) = 0.75 g/cm3 (1m)
volume 20 cm3

(c) Why does Paul need to tie the cork to a metal block before putting it into the water?
(2 marks)
The cork (i) floats (1m) in water. After it is tied to the metal block, it
(ii) can be fully immersed into the water (1m) .

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 Matter as Particles 6

2. Steel is denser than sea water but steel ships can float in the sea. Why? (3 marks)
The body of a steel ship contains a large volume of (a) air (1m) , which is
(b) much less dense (1m) than sea water. Thus, the (c) overall density of the ship is

lower (1m) than the density of sea water. As a result, the steel ship can float in the sea.

E 3. Draw the arrangements of air particles inside and outside the hot air balloon in the boxes
below. (2 marks)

Sectional Exercise
inside (1m) outside (1m)

Integrated Exercise
E 4. A student has made a revolving lantern, as shown below. It is a lamp with its lampshade
EM
ST
joined to some blades. When the lamp is switched on, the lampshade will rotate.

blade

lampshade

Spelling Corner
(a) Explain how the lantern works. (6 marks)
When the lamp (i) heats up (1m) the air in the lantern, the air particles
(ii) move faster (1m) and become (iii) further apart (1m) . Therefore,
the density of the air inside (iv) decreases (1m) and become
(v) lower than the density of the air (1m) in the surroundings. As a result,
the hot air (vi) rises and turns the blades of the lampshade (1m) .

(b) Why is it needed to leave enough space under the lampshade? (1 mark)
The space allows the air in the surroundings to flow into the lampshade from

the bottom (1m) .

Total Score :   / 34

revolving lantern 走馬燈 blade 扇葉

lampshade 燈罩
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 6 Matter as Particles

I NTEGRATED E XERCISE
A. True or false (10 marks)
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.

1. A molecule is the ‘smallest’ unit of matter. F

(Particles in a liquid
2. Particles in a liquid move randomly only in the horizontal direction. cannot move freely F
in all directions like those in a gas, but they can move randomly in all directions within the liquid.)
3. During dissolving, both volume and mass are conserved. F
Sectional Exercise

4. When sugar dissolves in water, the sugar particles separate and mix with the water
particles. T

5. When a solid is heated, its particles become bigger and therefore the solid expands. F

6. A thermometer works by making use of thermal expansion and contraction of the

liquid contained in the thermometer. T

E 7. There is no air pressure in space. T

E 8. The higher the temperature of a gas, the larger the gas pressure. T
Integrated Exercise

9. If an object is heavy enough, it sinks in water. F

E 10. When a gas is heated, its density will increase. F

B. Multiple-choice (10 marks)

Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Which of the following statements about molecules and atoms is/are correct?
(1) A molecule consists of at least two different kinds of atoms.
(2) The molecules in a gas cannot move freely but the atoms in a gas can.
Spelling Corner

(3) An oxygen molecule has a larger size than an oxygen atom.

A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only B

2. Sam is having lunch in a restaurant. He can smell

the food served on another table. This shows that
A. particles are moving all the time.
B. there are spaces between particles.
C. different particles have different sizes.
D. different matter is made up of different particles. A

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 Matter as Particles 6

3. Robert Brown proposed that pollen grains were alive so they performed Brownian motion in
water. He conducted similar experiments using coal powders, glass powders and metal
powders. The results were as follows.

Sectional Exercise
coal powders glass powders metal powders

Which of the following statements can be concluded from the results?

(1) Any powders can perform Brownian motion.
(2) Coal, glass and metal powders are alive.
(3) Being alive is not the reason why pollen grains perform Brownian motion.
A. (1) only B. (1) and (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only C

Integrated Exercise
4. The arrangements of particles in two different states of matter are shown below.

State X State Y

Spelling Corner
What are states X and Y?
State X State Y
A. Solid Gas
B. Solid Liquid
C. Liquid Gas
D. Liquid Solid C

5. When salt dissolves in water, which of the following quantities will increase?
(1) Total mass of the salt and water
(2) Total volume of the salt and water
(3) Density of the solution
A. (2) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only B

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 6 Matter as Particles

6. A rock in a desert could break apart when weathering occurs.

Sectional Exercise

Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?

A. The atmospheric pressure exerts a strong force on the rock.
B. The inside of the rock has a higher density than the surface of the rock.
C. The mass of the rock increases over time due to absorption of sunlight.
D. The rock expands and contracts repeatedly due to temperature differences between
days and nights. D
Integrated Exercise

E 7. As shown below, the plunger of a syringe is pushed inwards.

plunger syringe

push

In the process, which of the following combinations about the air in the syringe is correct?
Volume Density Pressure
A. Decreases Unchanged Increases
Spelling Corner

B. Decreases Increases Increases

C. Decreases Increases Decreases
D. Increases Decreases Decreases B

E 8. Which of the following statements explains why an aerosol can should not be placed under
sunlight?
A. The can may melt when absorbing heat from the sunlight.
B. The can may become so hot that we will get a heat burn when touching it.
C. The liquids inside the can will evaporate faster.
D. The gas pressure inside the can will increase and explosion may occur. D

weathering 風化
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 Matter as Particles 6

9. A balloon contains a gas of density 1.2 kg/m3 and is rising

in air. If its volume becomes double at a particular height,
what is the density of the gas inside?
A. 0.6 kg/m3 B. 1.2 kg/m3
C. 1.8 kg/m3 D. 2.4 kg/m3 A

10. The set-up on the right consists of several substances put

Sectional Exercise
inside a gas jar. Which of the following statements about
cork
the substances must be correct? (The wood could be
lighter (but denser) oil
(1) The wood is heavier than the cork. than the cork.) wood
(2) The mercury has the highest density among all the water
iron
substances. mercury
(3) The iron has a higher density than the oil.
A. (2) only B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) C

Integrated Exercise
C. Questions (30 marks)
1. Which of the following are matter? Write a ‘✓’ in the appropriate box(es). (2 marks)
(Note: One mark would be deducted for each wrong answer.)

a b c

Spelling Corner
Rainbow Smoke 3 (0.5m) Jelly 3 (0.5m)

d e f

Flower 3 (0.5m) Heat Fog 3 (0.5m)

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 6 Matter as Particles

2. The photo below shows an ice cream. Part of it is melting.

(a) Draw the arrangements of the particles of the ice cream in the boxes provided.(2 marks)

melted ice cream ice cream

Sectional Exercise

(liquid state) (solid state)

(1m) (1m)

(b) When the ice cream melts, it flows and drips along the ice cream cone. Briefly explain
this using the particle theory. (2 marks)
From the particle theory, the particles of the melted ice cream (i) can move around each
other (1m) . Therefore, the melted ice cream (ii) does not have fixed shape (1m)

(has fixed shape/does not have fixed shape), and it flows and drips along the ice cream cone.
Integrated Exercise

3. Simon is dissolving some sugar in a cup of coffee.

Spelling Corner

(a) Describe the dissolving of the sugar using the particle theory. Assume that there are
coffee and water particles in the cup of coffee. (3 marks)
When the sugar dissolves, the sugar particles (i) separate and mix with

the coffee and water particles (1m) . From the particle theory, the sugar particles
(ii) move randomly (1m) all the time and will eventually
(iii) spread out evenly (1m) in the cup.

(b) Simon finds that the sugar dissolves at a higher rate if the coffee is hotter. Suggest ONE
reason to explain this using the particle theory. (2 marks)
When the temperature is higher, the sugar particles (i) move faster (1m) .
Therefore, (ii) they can mix with the coffee and water particles at a higher rate (1m) .

drip 向下流
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 Matter as Particles 6

4. Jenny will perform an experiment to study whether mass is conserved during dissolving.
She has written a lab manual of this experiment, as shown below.

(a) Fill in the blanks below. (3 marks)

Experiment: Is mass conserved during dissolving?

Sectional Exercise
Step 1 Pour water into a beaker until it is two-thirds full. Add two
spoonfuls of salt to a watch glass.

beaker salt

watch glass

Integrated Exercise
water

Step 2 Measure the total mass of the beaker of water and the watch
glass of salt using an (i) electronic balance (1m) .

Step 3 Transfer all the salt into the water using a spatula.

Step 4 Use a (ii) glass rod (1m) to stir the water until the

Spelling Corner
salt has dissolved completely.

Step 5 Measure the total mass of the beaker of salt solution and the
(iii) watch glass (1m) .

(b) If the total mass of the salt and water before dissolving is 320 g, what should be the mass
of the salt solution produced after the experiment? (1 mark)
The mass of the salt solution is equal to (1m) (greater than/equal to/
lower than) 320 g.

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 6 Matter as Particles

5. Small gaps are usually left between different road sections, as shown below.

gap
Sectional Exercise

(a) Using the particle theory, explain what happens to a road in hot weather. (4 marks)
In hot weather, a road is heated up. The (i) particles (1m) of the road
(ii) move faster (1m) and become (iii) further apart (1m) .
As a result, the road (iv) expands (1m) .

(b) Suggest ONE reason why small gaps are left between road sections. (1 mark)
The gaps allow the road to expand in hot weather without damaging the road. (1m)
Integrated Exercise

E 6. Mrs Chan is using a vacuum compressed storage bag to pack a quilt. She puts the quilt into
the bag and then switches on a vacuum cleaner to remove the air inside the bag. After a
while, the thick quilt is compressed and Mrs Chan puts the cap back to seal the bag.

vacuum compressed
storage bag to a vacuum
cleaner

quilt
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cap

(a) Using the particle theory, briefly explain how the vacuum compressed storage bag
works. (4 marks)
When the vacuum pump is switched on, (i) air (1m) is removed from the
bag. There are (ii) fewer air particles (1m) hitting the walls of the
bag so the air pressure inside the bag (iii) decreases (1m) . As a result,
(iv) the atmospheric pressure presses against the bag and causes it to compress (1m) .

(b) The storage bag cannot work well at the places at high altitudes. Explain why. (2 marks)
The atmospheric pressure is (i) lower (1m) at high altitudes and thus
(ii) is not large enough to compress the quilt to a small size (1m) .

vacuum compressed storage bag 真空壓縮袋 seal 封上

quilt 棉被
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 Matter as Particles 6

7. The salad dressing below mainly contains oil and vinegar. (Given: the densities of oil and
vinegar are 0.93 g/mL and 1.01 g/mL respectively.)

SHAKE WELL

Sectional Exercise
(a) Oil and vinegar are not miscible. Suppose that the salad dressing has not been shaken.
Describe the distribution of the contents inside the bottle. Explain briefly. (2 marks)
There are two liquid layers inside the bottle. The top layer is oil and the bottom layer is vinegar. (1m)

It is because oil has a lower density than vinegar. (1m)

Integrated Exercise
(b) If the salad dressing contains 375 mL of oil and 125 mL of vinegar, find the total mass of
the salad dressing. (2 marks)
Mass of oil = 375 mL × 0.93 g/mL (1m) = 348.75 g

Mass of vinegar = 125 mL × 1.01 g/mL = 126.25 g

Total mass of the salad dressing = 348.75 g + 126.25 g = 475 g (1m)

Total Score :   / 50

Spelling Corner

miscible 可混溶的
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 6 Matter as Particles

S PELLING C ORNER
Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
1.

U E L
M L
Sectional Exercise

O E
C

Key term: M O L E C U L E

2.
R S
S
E E
Integrated Exercise

R U P

Key term: GAS P R E S S U R E

3.
L
E
M D O
Spelling Corner

Key term: M O D E L

4. A H T
P C
O M
E S
R I

Key term: A T M O S P H E R I C PRESSURE

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