ASSAM ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

CHANDMARI, GUWAHATI-3

DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALENGINEERING
INTERNSHIPREPORT
ON
PRAG ELECTRICALS PVT. LTD.
47, Industrial Estate, Bamunimaidan
GUWAHATI-781021
REPORTSUBBIMITEDBY
Name :- PRABALKALITA
Roll No. :- AEI/21/EL/O16
Branch :- Electrical
Semester:- 5th Semester
 INDEX

DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
SAFETYEQUIPMENT
TRANSFORMERS&ITSPARTS
PERSONALEXPERIENCE
CONCLUSION
PHOTOGALLERY
 DECLARATION

Weherebydeclarethatthis report on internshipof 4thsemestertotheDepartment

of Electrical Engineering, AssamEngineeringInstituteisanauthenticrecordof my
genuineworkdonein pragelectricles undertheguidanceof an engineer.

Theinformation anddatagiveninthereportisauthentictothebestof my
knowledge.

Date : 23-09-2023
Place : Guwahati
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Writingthisinternshipreport happenstobetooneof thegreatest achievements in this

phaseofour life. Expressourheartiest thanksto thosewhoprovidedustremendous

supportandmakingitauseful firsthandexperience. Weareindebtedtothosewho helped

usin onewayorother in heavyindeed.Wetaketheopportunity tothankall of them.Weare

thankful toourHODMa’ am,Dr.Mitali Chakravorty, Ma’ am, Yasmin Zaman andall other
facultymember of theinstitutewhogaveustheexcellent platformof doingsomethingin
built uppractical knowledge.

Wearethankful toall themembersofPRAGELECTRICALSPVT. LTD. forgivingusthe

opportunitytolearnwith theprestigiousvaluableguidance,integratedsupportand
perceptivecriticismhelpus inourfuture.

Thankyou
 INTRODUCTION

Todistributepowerdifferentconsumersweneedtransformer. Theyareusedtostep
up& downthevoltagesasper therequirements.

AssamPowerDistributionCompanyLimited (APDCL) is astategovernment

undertaking.APDCLisalsothemain powertransmitterinrural areas.

Abrief analysisisdonehereabout thedifferentparts of a Transformer.

 SAFETY EQUIPMENT

BUCHHOLZ RELAY:
ABuchholzrelayisa safetydevicemountedon (some) oil-filledpowertransformers and
reactors,equippedwithan external overheadoil reservoircalleda“ conservator” .
Buchholzrelaysareusedasaprotectivedevice,as they aresensitivetotheeffectsof
dielectricfailurethatcanoccurinsidetheequipmenttheyprotect.Buchholzrelaysarea
typeof gasdetectionrelay.
Buchholz relays have two main elements. The upper element consists of a float. The
float is attached to a hinge in such a way that it can move upand down depending upon
theoil level in
Amercuryswitchisfixedonthefloat.Thealignmentof themercuryswitch hence
dependsuponthepositionof thefloat.
Thelowerelementconsists of a baffleplateandamercuryswitch.Thisplateisfittedona
hingejustinfrontof theinlet(main tankside) of theBuchholzrelayinatransformerinsucha
waythat whenoil entersin therelayfromthat inletinhighpressurethealignmentof the
baffleplatealongwith themercuryswitchattachedtoit,will change.
Inadditiontothesemainelements,a Buchholzrelayhas gasreleasepocketsontop.
Theelectrical leads fromboth mercuryswitchesaretakenoutthrougha molded
terminal block.
Construction
Buchholzrelayconsistsof an oil filledchamber. Therearetwohingedfloats,oneatthe
topandotheratthebottominthechamber. Each floatis accompaniedbyamercury
switch. Themercuryswitch ontheupperfloatisconnectedtoan alarmcircuitandthat
onthelowerfloat is connectedtoanexternal tripbreaker.Theconstructionof a
buchholzrelay is shown inthefollowingfig.

BuchholzRelayWorkingPrinciple

Wheneverafaultoccurs insidethetransformer,suchas insulationfailureof turns,

breakdown ofcoreor excesscoreheating, thefault is accompaniedbyproductionof e
xcessheat.This excessheatdecomposesthetransformerinsulatingoilwhich results
inproduction of gas. Thegeneration ofgasesdependon theintensityof fault. Gas
bubbles tendtoflowin upwarddirection towardsconservatorandhencetheyare
collectedinthebuchholzrelaywhich is placedonthepipeconnectingthetransformer
tank andconservator.

AdvantagesofBuchholzRelay:-
Buchholzrelayindicatestheinternalfaultsduetoheatingandithelpsin
avoidingthemajorfaults.
Severityof thefaultcanbedeterminedwithoutevendismantlingthetransformer.
If amajor faultoccurs,thetransformercanbeisolatedwiththehelpof buchholz
relaytoprevent accidents.
 TRANSFORMER & ITS PARTS

Atransformerisadeviceusedin thepowertransmission of electricenergy.The

transmission current is
AC.It iscommonlyusedtoincreaseor
decreasethesupplyvoltagewithoutachange
inthe frequencyof ACbetween circuits.The
transformerworksonbasicprinciples of
ElectromagneticInduction andmutual
induction.

Basedonvoltages:

Step-upTransformer:Theyareusedbetweenthepowergeneratorandthe
powergrid.Thesecondaryoutput voltageishigherthan theinputvoltage.
StepdownTransformer:Thesetransformersareusedtoconverthigh voltage
primarysupplyto lowvoltagesecondaryoutput.
 Core
Thecoreactsasasupport tothewindinginthetransformer. Italsoprovidesalow
reluctancepath totheflowof magneticflux.Thewindingiswoundonthecoreas shown
inthepicture.Itismadeupof alaminatedsoftironcorein order toreduce
thelossesin atransformer. Thefactorssuchas
operatingvoltage,current,poweretcdecidecore
composition. Thecorediameterisdirectly
proportional tocopperlosses andinversely
proportional toironlosses.

Abasictransformerismadefromtwocoilsof wire,a primarycoil fromthealternating

current(ac)inputanda secondarycoil leadingtotheacoutput.The coilsarenot
electricallyconnected.
Therearetwodifferenttypesof coil;
HighTensionCoil – Madeupof SuperEnamelled
LowTension Coil – MadeupofAluminium

ThesecoilsarecoatedbyAsbestosPaperwithtwoways;
DoublePaper Coating
TriplePaperCoating

TapChanger
Atapchangerisa mechanismintransformerswhich allows forvariableturn ratiosto
beselectedindistinctsteps. This is done byconnectingtoa number of access points
knownas tapsalongeither theprimaryorsecondarywinding.

Therearetwotypes of TapChanger;

OffloadTapChanger Mainly Used in SolarPowerProject, Wind

Projects.

systemhaving
PowerTransformerwith ON-LoadTapChanger.
 Tank
Thetankisa partofatransformer thatservestwo purposes:

1. Protectsthecoreandthewindings fromtheexternal Servesas acontainerfor

oil andsupportforall other transformeraccessories.

Tank bodies aremadeby fabricating rolledsteel plates into containers. They areprovided
with liftinghooks andcoolingtubes.Inordertoreduceweight andstraylosses, aluminium
sheets are also used instead of steel plates. Breather blocks moisture, which is made of
SilicaGel. Tankcontains TransformerInsulatingOil orSyntheticOil.

HeatChamber
Heat Chamber are used to remove all the moisture present in the transformer while
making it, otherwise it can deteriorate the quality of oil present in the tank. The
temperature inside the chamber remains inbetween 100° -200° C and the insulation
value is 5000MΩ .
 Personal Experience

Theinternshipwas theinterferencebetween thecollegelifeandthecorporateworld. It

wasclearthatall thebasicandfundamental of eachsubjectsandhowtopractically
involvethat shouldbelearnt thoroughly.Studentslearntthedifferentpartsof
Transformer, equipmentuse, howtooperatethedifferent typesof transformer, what are
theprecautionshouldbetaken everyone. Theytold uswhattheneeds of thisfieldregion,
whattheyareexpectingfromusasthefreshers. Theyguidedushowtoprepareforthe
corporateworldaftercompletingeducation
 Conclusion

In our 15daysinternshiptrainingwegainvarious knowledgeabout the

workings of thetrainandtheirmaintenanceof theequipments, workingprincipleof
transformer.

The experience of this tour was really fantastic and unforgettable. It was reverberating
experiencewhich cherishedall of us. wegotvaluableinformation fromthis internshipand
theyguided us how tostandin thepractical worldin theera of competition. I got learn a lot

many morethingsfromthis intership.

PHOTO GALLERY