Generic Name: Adverse Effect:

Sulfonamides - Dizziness, diarrhea, nausea,

Mechanism of Actions:
- Sulfonamides inhibit
multiplication of bacteria
by acting as competitive
inhibitors of p-amino
benzoic acid in the folic
acid metabolism cycle.
vomiting, headache, rashes,
and anorexia
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
- Patients who have had an
allergic reaction them or who
have porphyria.

Nursing Responsibilities:
Indication: - Inform doctor about all medical conditions
- Sulfonamides are used to you have especially kidney, liver, or blood
treat urinary tract disorders before taking a sulphonamide.
infections, otitis media, - Monitor your body’s response to this
acute exacerbations of medicine with frequent observation.
chronic bronchitis, and - Inform the doctor right away if you have
travellers’ diarrhea. notice rash or unusual skin changes.

Generic Name: Clindamycin
Mechanism of Actions:
- Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis at
the level of the 50S ribosome. As a
result, it exerts a prolonged post
antibiotic effect. It may decrease toxin
production and increase microbial
opsonisation and phagocytosis even at
sub inhibitory concentrations.
Indication:
- For the treatment of serious
infections caused by susceptible
anaerobic bacteria, as well as
susceptible staphylococci,
streptococci, and pneumococci.
Adverse Effect:
- Blistering, peeling, or loose skin,
red skin lesions, severe acne or
skin rash, sores or ulcers on the
skin, or fever or chills
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
- Patients who have an allergic reaction to
it, and it should be used with caution in
those who have a history of regional
enteritis, ulcerative colitis, or antibiotic-
associated colitis.
Nursing Responsibilities:
- Monitor for changes in bowel
frequency, colitis, and resolution of
symptoms.
- Monitor liver function tests periodically
in patients with severe liver disease.
- Monitor complete blood cell count
(CBC), liver, and renal function.
 Generic Name: Adverse Effect:
Trimethoprim - Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
stomach ache, loss of appetite,
changes in taste, and headache
Mechanism of Actions:
- Blocking the reduction of
dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate,
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
the active form of folic acid, by
- Patients who have had allergic
susceptible organisms. Inhibitory
reaction to either drug includes
activity for most gram- positive
folate deficiency, liver dysfunction,
aerobic cocci and some gram-
and renal insufficiency.
negative aerobic bacilli.

Nursing Responsibilities:
Indication: - Assess Adverse Effect such as
- Indicated for the treatment of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
acute episodes of uncomplicated stomach ache, loss of appetite,
urinary tract infections caused by changes in taste, and headache.
susceptible bacteria, including E. - Evaluate therapeutic response.
coli., K. pneumonia, enterobacter - In women of childbearing age
spp., P. mirabilis, and coagulase- enquire about last menstrual
negative staphylococcus species. period.
 Adverse Effect:
Generic Name: - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of
Tetracyclines appetite, mouth sores, black hairy
tongue, sore throat, headache,
dizziness, or rectal discomfort.
Mechanism of Actions:
- It binds to the 30S ribosomal
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
subunit and prevents the amino-
- Persons who have shown
acyl tRNA from binding to the A
hypersensitivity to any of the
site of the ribosome.
tetracyclines, in children < 8 years.
- Inhibits bacterial growth by
Avoid in complete renal failure.
inhibiting translation.

Nursing Responsibilities:
- Monitor side effects
Indication: - Assess current symptoms
- Acne, chlamydia, non-gonococcal - Assess adverse effects such as
urethritis, trachoma, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss
lymphogranuloma venereum, and of appetite, mouth sores, black
plague. hairy tongue, sore throat,
headache, dizziness, or rectal
 Generic Name:
Chloramphenicol
Mechanism of Actions:
- Inhibits microbial protein
synthesis by binding to
the 5OS subunit of the
70S ribosome and
inhibiting the action of
peptidyl transferase, thus
preventing peptide bond
formation.
Adverse Effect:
- Pale skin, sore throat, faver,
unusual bleeding or bruising,
unusual tiredness or weakness,
blood problems, and eye problems
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
- Individuals with a history of
previous hypersensitivity and toxic
reaction to it.

Nursing Responsibilities:
- Monitor fluid balance and bowel
Indication: patterns.
- Typhoid, meningitis, - Evaluate therapeutic response,
conjunctivitis, septicaemia, decreased temperature, and
external otitis, and rickettsia negative culture.
fevers. - Monitor adverse effect.aluate
therapeutic

Generic Name: Vancomycin
Mechanism of Actions:
- When it reaches the cell wall of an
actively dividing susceptible gram-
positive bacterium, vancomycin
binds to the acyl-D-ala-Dala portion
of the growing cell wall.
Indication:
- Indicated in adult and pediatric
patients for the treatment of
septicaemia, infective endocarditis,
skin and skin structure infections,
bone infections, and lower
respiratory tract infections.
Adverse Effect:
- Hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity,
ototoxicity, nausea, and vomiting
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
- Patients with known
hypersensitivity to this antibiotic.
Nursing Responsibilities:
- Identify patient using two
patient-specific identifiers.
- Explain the procedure to the
patient and the potential side
effects of vancomycin.
- Document patient teaching in the
patient and family education
record. therapeutic
 Generic Name: Penicillins Adverse Effect:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rashes,
abdominal pain, and urticaria

Mechanism of Actions:
- Inhibition of the emzyme Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
in cell walls synthesis; - Hypersensitivity to penicillins.
bacterial effect. Penicillins increase effect of
methotrexate. Penicillins decrease
the effect of oral contraceptives.
Indication:
- Upper respiratory
infections, otitis media, Nursing Responsibilities:
pneumonia, rheumatic - Assess vital signs, current signs and
fever, erysipelas, skin and symptoms.
soft-tissue infections. - Monitor side effects
Gonorrhoea, and syphilis. - Ensure adequate hydration.
 Generic Name:
Fluoroquinolones
Mechanism of Actions:
- Target DNA gyrase and
topoisomerase IV with
varying efficiency in
different bacteria and
inhibit their control of
supercoiling within the
cell.
Indication:
- Used to treat pneumonia or
complicated skin or urinary
tract infections.
Adverse Effect:
- Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia,
dizziness, insomnia, and headache.
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
- Patient that has epilepsy, QT
prolongation, pre-existing CNS
lesions or CNS inflammation, or
patient has suffered stroke.
Nursing Responsibilities:
- Monitor urinary output
- Keep track of patient’s intake and
output
- Monitor renal function

Generic Name:
Aminoglycosides
Mechanism of Actions:
- Inhibit protein synthesis by
binding, with high affinity,
to the A-site on the 16S
ribosomal RNA of the 30S
ribosome
Indication:
- Indicated for empiric therapy
in patients with severe illness
Adverse Effect:
- Kidney injury, hearing impairment,
and vestibular toxicity.
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
- Patients with myasthenia gravis
because of the risk of prolonged
neuromuscular blockade.
Nursing Responsibilities:
- Monitor signs of decreased renal
function
- Monitor for ringing in ear
- Ensure the patient receives full
course of aminoglycosides as
prescribed
 Generic Name: Adverse Effect:
Cephalosporins - Nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite,
and abdominal pain

Mechanism of Actions:
- Cephalosporins bonds to Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
penicillin. Binding proteins - Patients are allergic to them or
and interfere with cell wall have an anaphylactic reaction to
enzymes penicillin other betalactam
antimicrobialis

Indication:
- Treat skin and skin-structure Nursing Responsibilities:
infections, bone infections, - Ensure adequate hydration
genitourinary infections, - Monitor insertion site for
otitis media, and extravasation
community-acquired - Evaluate therapeutic response
respiratory tract infections.
 Adverse Effect:
Generic Name:
- Injection site reactions, diarrhea,
Carbapenems
nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and
pruritus

Mechanism of Actions:
- Enter gram-negative bacteria Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
through outer membrane proteins - Those who are hypersensitive and
or porins. After transversing the because of an increased risk of
periplasmic space, seizures, in pediatric patients with
carbapenems”permanently acylate central nervous system infections
the PBPs.

Nursing Responsibilities:
Indication: - Check for allergies, including
- Treat skin and skin-structure penicillin and cephalosporins
infections, bone infections, - Dosage adjustment if renal
genitourinary infections, otitis impairment
media, and community-acquired - Monitor for systemic signs and
respiratory tract infections. symptoms
 Generic Name: Adverse Effect:
Metronidazole - Dizziness, hives, itching, change in
taste sensation, nausea, and
seizures

Mechanism of Actions:
- Inhibits protein synthesis
by interacting DNA, and
Contraindications/Drug Interaction:
causes a loss of helical
- Have liver problems, pregnant or
DNA structure and strand
breastfeeding, having dialysis, and
breakage.
hypersensitivity.

Indication:
- Ameobiasis, Anaerobic Nursing Responsibilities:
infections, giardiasis, - Assess for infection in your patient
bacterial vaginasos, and before and during treatment
Helicobacter pylori - Monitor your patients eyes and OS
infection. daily weight
- Monitor for adverse effect