FLUID MECHANICS

SOLUTIONS
 Fluids
Mechanics
Level - 1

Answers Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(b) (b) (d) (a) (d) (c) (d) (b) (b) (b)

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

(c) (b) (c) (b) (a) (c) (d) (b) (c) (b)

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

(a) (d) (a) (c) (c) (b) (d) (a) (c) (d)

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

(a)

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

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 Fluids
Mechanics
Level - 1

Hints/Solutions

1. (b) Density of liquid, 3. (d) Pressure of two points lie in the same

l  760 kg/m3 horizontal level should be same and

p  hdg .
Density of mercury,

m  13600 kg/m3 Both ends of the U-tube are open, so the

pressure on both the free surfaces must be
Height of liquid column in mercury
equal.
barometer,
hm  76 cm  0.76 m i.e., p1  p2

If height of liquid in liquid column be h1, then hoil .Soilg  hwater .S water .g

liquid  mercury Soil  specific density of oil

 hl l g  hm m g h .S .g
S oil  water water
h  0.76  13600 hoil .g
 hl  m m   13.6 m .
l 760
From figure,
2. (b) According to Pascal’s law “pressure applied (65  65)  1000
Soil   928 kgm3 .
to an enclosed fluid is transmitted (65  65  10)
undiminished to every point of the fluid and
4. (a) Given, the density of the small ball is d.
the walls of the containing vessel”.
The mass of the small ball is M
In the given situation as shown in the figure
The density of the glycerine is d/2.
below
As we know that,
Viscous force = weight – buoyant force

Viscous force  Vd1g  Vd 2g

Here, V is the volume of submerged bodies,

Pressure due to water column of height
15 cm = Pressure due to oil column of height
20 cm.
g is the acceleration due to gravity,
d1 is the density of the small ball,
d2 is the density of the glycerine,

 hw w g  h00g d1  d and d 2  d / 2

15 w  20 0 Substituting the given values in the viscous

15 force expression, we get

 0  
20 d
Viscous force  Vdg  V g
15 2
0   1000
20 Vdg Mg
Viscous force   . ( M  d V )
( given, w  1000 kg m3 ) 2 2
3

 750 kg m3 .
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 Fluids
Mechanics
Level - 1

5. (d) The rate of liquid flow moving with velocity v As the pressure inside the roof is more than
through an area a is given by outside to it. So, the force will act in the
Rate(R )  Area (a )  Velocity (v ) upward direction,

Given, area of hole, i.e., F  24  105 N, upwards .

a  2 mm2 7. (d) F = Momentum transferred by water per sec

 aV V
 2  106 m2

Height of tank, h  2m . F  Av 2  103  10  104  20  20

The given situation can also be depicted as F  400 N .

shown in the figure below. 8. (b) When a body floats then the weight of the
body = upthrust
30
(50)3   (1)  g  M cubeg …(i)
100
Let m mass should be placed, then

As the velocity of liquid flow is given as (50)3  (1)  g  (M cube  m )g …(ii)

v  2gh Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii),

 R  av  a 2gh we get

Substituting the given values, we get  mg  (50)3  g (1  0.3)  125  0.7  103 g

R  2  106  2  10  2  m  87.5 kg .

9. (b) Mass per unit time of the liquid  av

 2  106  6.32  12.64  106 m3 /s
Momentum per second carried by liquid
 12.6  106 m3 /s .
 av  v
6. (c) From Bernoulli’s theorem
Net force due to bounced back liquid,
1 1
p1  v 12  p2  v 22
2 2 1 
F1  2   av 2 
4 
Where, p1, p 2 are pressure inside and
Net force due to stopped liquid,
outside the roof and v 1,v 2 are velocities of
1
F2  av 2
wind inside and outside the roof. 4
1 Total force,
p1  p2  (v 22  v 12 )
2
1 1 3
F  F1  F2  av 2  av 2  av 2
1 2 4 4
  1.2(402  0)  960 N/m2
2
3 2
Net pressure  v .
Force acting on the roof is given by 4
F  (p1  p2 )A  960  250
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 24  104 N  24  105 N
 Fluids
Mechanics
Level - 1

10. (b) Oil will float on water so, (b) or (d) is the 1
 PA  PB  (VB2  VA2 )
correct option. 2
But density of ball is more than that of oil, 1  V2 
 P  1000 VB2  B 
hence it will sink in oil. 2  4 

11. (c) Apply Bernoulli’s theorem between piston
3VB2
and hole  P  500 
4
1 2
PA  gh  P0  v e
2 (P )  4 (700) 
 VB   m/s
Assuming there is no atmospheric pressure 1500 1500

on piston  1.37  102 cm/s .

5  105 Volume flow rate Q  aB  v B
 103  10  10

1  20  100  VB  2732 cm3 / s
 1.01 10   103  v e2  v e  1.78 m/s .
5
2
 2720 cm3 /s .
12. (b) By Bernoull’s Theorem
1 15. (a) From the equation of continuity
P  gh  V 2  constant
2 A1v 1  A2v 2
 mg  1
  P0    gh  P0  V 2 Here, v 1 and v 2 are the velocities at two
 A  2
ends of pipe.
[ Speed of water in tank  0]
A1 and A2 are the area of pipe at two ends
25  10
  1000  10  0.4
0.5
v 1 A2 (4.8)2 9
    .
1 v 2 A1 (6.4)2 16
  1000  V 2
2
16. (c) Given, Height of the water, H  12 cm
 500  4000  500V 2  V 2  9
 V  3 m/s  300 cm/sec . Velocity of water coming out of hole,

13. (c) Reynold’s number is given as v  2gh

Vd
Re  . Range of water,

14. (b) According to question, area of cross-section R  vt

at A, aA  40 cm2 and B , aB  20 cm2 2(H  h )

 R  2gh 
Let velocity of liquid flow at g
A,  VA and at B ,  VB
 2 h(H  h )
Using equation of continuity
aAVA  aBVB For maximum range

40VA  20VB  2VA  VB dR H

0 h 
dh 2
Now, using Bernoulli’s equation
12
5

1 1 Range is maximum when h  6 m.

PA  VA2  PB  VB2
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 Fluids
Mechanics
Level - 1

1 1  P2V2
17. (d) Using PV 22. (d) We know that terminal velocity is given by
gr 2
4 4 125r 3 VT  (  l )
(P1) r 3  (P2 )  g
3 3 64
Here, we have no involvement of buoyant
g (10)  gh 125
  640  64h  1250 force. So remove l .
g (10) 64

On solving we get h  9.5 m . 2gr 2 2  10  1012  103

Then, VT  
9 9  1.8  105
18. (b) Volume flow rate  AV
 123.4  106 m/s. .
Mass flow rate  AV
4 3 4 3 R
2 23. (a) 27  r  r or r 
Momentum flow rate  AV 3 3 3
Terminal velocity, v  r 2
 F  AV 2  1000  102  1.52  22.5 N .
v 1 r12
19. (c) Pressure difference  
v 2 r22
1
P2  P1  (v 22  v 12 ) v 1 r12 v1
2 or   or  9.
v 2 r22 v2

1
2

 1.2 (150)2  (100)2  24. (c) Initially

1
  1.2(22500  10000) 7500 Nm2 .
2
20. (b) Given, Height of cylinder h = 20 cm,

Acceleration due to gravity, g  10 ms2 .

Velocity of efflux
So in the both case
v  2gh
W T  F
Where, h is the height of the free surface of
So, in both case state of body will be same.
liquid from the hole.
25. (c) A liquid does not we the solid surface, if the
 v  2  10  20  20 m/s . angle of contact is obtuse i.e.,   90 .
21. (a) Speed after falling ‘h’ height = Terminal 26. (b) Increase in surface energy = work done in
velocity area × surface tension
Increase in surface area,
2r 2 g
 2gh  (  f ) A  (5  4  4  2)  2
g
( film has tow surfaces)
 2  10  h
 (20  8)  2 cm2  24 cm2  24  104 m2
2  (0.1 103 )2  10
  (104  103 ) So, work done, W  T .A
5
9  10
3  104  T  24  104
8
2  10  10
 20h   9  103 1
9  10 5  T   0.125 N/m .
8
 20h  20  20h  400  h  20 m .
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 Fluids
Mechanics
Level - 1

27. (d) Relation for height of water in capillary tube is 30. (d) We have,

2S cos  2T cos 
h h
gr r g

1 h r 2r Mass of the water in the capillary

 h  1 2  2
r h2 r1 r
m  V    r 2h
As m  A.h.
2T cos 
   r 2  m r
m2 Ah2 h2 1 r g
   
m1 Ah1 h1 2
m1 r
  or m2  2m1  2m .
m1 5 m2 2r
 m2    2.5 g .
2 2
31. (a) Let R be the radius of curvature of common
28. (a) As volume remain same, i.e., volume of two
surface
smaller drops will be equal to volume of one
4T 4T
P1  P0  and P2  P0 
big drop. a b
4 3 4
2 r  R 3  2r 3  R 3 and P1  P2 
4T
3 3 R
1
R  R
3  4T   4T  4T
 2      23  P0  a    P0  b   R
r  r    

1 1 1 1
Ui T  2  (4r 2 ) 2r 2   
   23 . a b R
Uf T  4R 2 2
23 R2 ab
 R .
(b  a )
29. (c) Given: Radius of capillary tube,

r  0.015 cm  15  105 mm

h  15 cm  15  102 mm

2T cos 
Using, h  [cos   cos 0  1]
gr

Surface tension,

rhg 15  105  15  10 2  900  10

T  
2 2

 101 milli newtons m1.

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