Practical Rig Hydraulics

Handout
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal
 Practical RigHydraulics
Rheological models

Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 2

 Practical RigHydraulics
Surface ConnectionLosses(P1), cont.

𝑃1= 𝐸 𝜌0.8 𝑄1.8 𝑃𝑉0.2

Where:
• P1 = Pressure loss, psi or bar.
• E = Constant depending on type of surface equipment used.
• ρ = Mud weight, ppg or kg/l.
• Q = Flow rate, gpm or l/min.
• PV = plastic viscosity, cP.

Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 3

 Practical RigHydraulics
Typesof surface equipment
• In practice, there are only four types of surface equipment; each type is
characterized by the dimensions of standpipe, Kelly, rotary hose and swivel which
are summarized in table below:
Surface Standpipe Rotary Hose Swivel Kelly Value of E
Equipment Length Imperial Metric
Length (ft) ID (in) Length (ft) ID (in) Length (ft) ID (in) ID (in)
Type (ft) Unit Unit
1 40 3 40 2 4 2 40 2.25 2.5*10^-4 8.8*10^-6
2 40 3.5 55 2.5 5 2.5 40 3.25 9.6*10^-5 3.3*10^-6
3 45 4 55 3 5 3.5 40 3.25 5.3*10^-5 1.8*10^-6
4 45 4 55 3 6 3 40 4 4.2*10^-5 1.4*10^-6

Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 4

BinghamPlasticModel, cont.
𝜏= 𝑌𝑃 + 𝑃𝑉𝛾
Where:
• τ = shear stress in lb/100 ft2
• YP = yield point in lb/100 ft2
• PV = plastic viscosity in cP
• γ = shear rate in sec –1

The values of YP and PV are calculated using the following equations:

𝑃𝑉 = 𝜃600 −𝜃300
𝑌𝑃 = 𝜃300 −𝑃𝑉
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 5
 Practical RigHydraulics Equations
Bingham Plastic Model
Pipe Flow (Inside Drill Pipe & Drill Collar)
24.5𝑄
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐷2

97 𝑃𝑉 +97 (𝑃𝑉)2+8.2 𝜌 𝐷 2 𝑌𝑃
𝑉𝑐 = 𝑓𝑡/ 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝜌𝐷
If Va > Vc , flow is turbulent use:

8.91×10−5𝜌0.8 𝑄1.8 (𝑃𝑉)0.2 𝐿

𝑃= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐷4.8

If Va < Vc , flow is laminar use:

𝐿 𝑃𝑉 𝑉𝑎
𝑃= 𝑌𝑃 + 𝑝𝑠𝑖
300𝐷 5𝐷
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 6
 Practical RigHydraulics Equations
Bingham Plastic Model
Annular Flow (Around Drill Pipe & Drill Collar)
24.5𝑄
𝑉𝑎 = 2
𝑓𝑡/ 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐷ℎ −𝑂𝐷 2

97 𝑃𝑉 +97 (𝑃𝑉)2+6.2 𝜌 (𝐷ℎ − 𝑂𝐷) 2 𝑌𝑃

𝑉𝑐 = 𝑓𝑡/ 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝜌 (𝐷ℎ −𝑂𝐷)

If Va > Vc , flow is turbulent use:

0.2
8.91×10−5𝜌0.8 𝑄1.8 𝑃𝑉 𝐿
𝑃= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐷ℎ −𝑂𝐷 3 𝐷ℎ + 𝑂𝐷 1.8

If Va < Vc , flow is laminar use:

𝐿 𝑃𝑉 𝑉𝑎 𝐿 𝑌𝑃
𝑃= 2
+ 𝑝𝑠𝑖
60000 𝐷ℎ −𝑂𝐷 200 𝐷ℎ −𝑂𝐷
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 7
 Practical RigHydraulics Equations
𝑃𝑏𝑖𝑡= 𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 −𝑃𝑐 psi

𝑃𝑐= 𝑃1+ 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + 𝑃4+ 𝑃5𝑝𝑠𝑖

Nozzle velocity
𝑃𝑏𝑖𝑡
𝑉𝑛 =33.36 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜌
Total area of nozzles
𝑄
𝐴 =0.32 𝑖𝑛2
𝑉𝑛
Nozzle size
4𝐴
= 32 × 𝑖𝑛2
3𝜋
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 8
Power Law Model
𝜏= 𝐾 𝛾𝑛

𝜃600
𝑛 = 3.32log
𝜃300

𝜃300
𝐾 =
511𝑛

• 𝜏= Shear stress (dynes / cm2)

• K = Consistency Index
• γ = Shear rate (sec-1)
• n = Power Law Index Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 9
 Practical RigHydraulics Equations
Power Law Model
Pipe Flow (Inside Drill Pipe & Drill Collar)
24.5𝑄
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑓𝑡/ 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐷2
1 𝑛
5.82 10 4 𝐾 2−𝑛 1.6(3𝑛 + 1) 2−𝑛 𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑐=
𝜌 𝐷 ×4𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛

If Va > Vc , flow is turbulent use:

8.91×10−5𝜌0.8 𝑄1.8 (𝑃𝑉)0.2 𝐿

𝑃= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐷4.8

If Va < Vc , flow is laminar use: 𝑛

𝐾𝐿 1.6 𝑉𝑎 (3𝑛 + 1)
𝑃= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
300𝐷 𝐷 ×4𝑛
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 10
 Practical RigHydraulics Equations
Power Law Model
Annular Flow (Around Drill Pipe & Drill Collar) 24.5𝑄
𝑉𝑎 = 2
𝑓𝑡/ 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐷ℎ −𝑂𝐷 2
1 𝑛
5.82 10 4 𝐾 2−𝑛 1.6(3𝑛 +1) 2−𝑛 𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑐=
𝜌 (𝐷ℎ − 𝑂𝐷)2× 4𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛

If Va > Vc , flow is turbulent use:

8.91×10−5𝜌0.8 𝑄1.8 (𝑃𝑉)0.2 𝐿

𝑃= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
(𝐷ℎ −𝑂𝐷)4.8

If Va < Vc , flow is laminar use:

𝑛
𝐾𝐿 1.6𝑉𝑎(3𝑛 +1)
𝑃= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
300𝐷 (𝐷ℎ − 𝑂𝐷) ×4𝑛
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 11
 Practical RigHydraulics Equations
𝑃𝑏𝑖𝑡= 𝑃𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 −𝑃𝑐 psi

𝑃𝑐= 𝑃1+ 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + 𝑃4+ 𝑃5𝑝𝑠𝑖

Nozzle velocity
𝑃𝑏𝑖𝑡
𝑉𝑛 =33.36 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜌
Total area of nozzles
𝑄
𝐴 =0.32 𝑖𝑛2
𝑉𝑛
Nozzle size
4𝐴
= 32 × 𝑖𝑛2
3𝜋
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 12
Assignment (1):
Using the Bingham plastic and Power-law models, determine the various pressure
drops, nozzle velocity and nozzle sizes for a section of 12.25 in (311mm) hole. Two
pumps are used to provide 700 gpm (2650 1/min).
Data: OD = 5 in
Plastic velocity = 12 cP Length = 6,480 ft
Yield point = 12 lb/100 ft2 Drill collars ID = 2,875 in
Mud weight = 8.8 lb/gal OD = 8 in
Drill pipe ID = 4.276 in Length = 620 ft (189 m)

𝜃600= 25 𝜃300= 15

Last casing was 13.375 in with an ID of 12.565 in. 13.375 in casing was set at 2,550 ft. The two
pumps are to be operated at a maximum standpipe pressure of 2,200 psi. Assume a surface
equipment type of 4.
Mohammed Ariwan Jamal 13