SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

A MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON
“DEVELOPMENT OF SMART HELMET BASED ON IoT”
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

I. Nithin Reddy (R19EC118)

P. Vinod Kumar (R19EC179)
M. Divya Akshaya (R19EC307)
Soujanya. P. V ( R20EC839)

Under the guidance of

Dr. Ali Baig Mohammad
Assoc. Prof., School of ECE
REVA University

May 2023
Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064
www.reva.edu.in
 DECLARATION

We, Mr. I. Nithin Reddy (R19EC118), Mr. P. Vinod Kumar (R19EC179). Ms. Divya Akshaya
(R19EC307), Ms. Soujanya P.V (R20EC839) students of B. Tech, belongs to the School of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, REVA University, declare that this Project Report /
Dissertation entitled “Development of Smart Helmet based on IoT” is the result of the of
project/dissertation work done by me under the supervision of Dr. Ali Baig Mohammad, School
of ECE REVA University.

We submitting this Project Report / Dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering award by the
REVA University, Bengaluru, during the academic year 2022-23.

We declare that this project report has been tested for plagiarism and has passed the plagiarism
test with a similarity score of less than 15%. It satisfies the academic requirements regarding the
Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

We further declare that this project/dissertation report or any part of it has not been submitted for
the award of any other Degree / Diploma of this University or any other University/ Institution.

(Signature of the Students with dates)

1.
2.
3.
4.

Certified that this project work submitted by Mr. I. Nithin Reddy (R19EC118), Mr. P. Vinod Kumar
(R19EC179). Ms. Divya Akshaya (R19EC307), Ms. Soujanya P.V (R20EC839) has been carried
out under my / our guidance and the declaration made by the candidate is true to thebest of
our knowledge.

Signature of Guide Signature of Director

Date: 02nd May 2023 Date: 02nd May 2023.
Official Seal of the School

.
 SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project work entitled “Development of Smart Helmet Based on IoT” carried out
under my guidance by Mr. I. Nithin Reddy (R19EC118), Mr. P. Vinod Kumar (R19EC179). Ms.
Divya Akshaya (R19EC307), Ms. Soujanya P.V (R20EC839), a bonafide student of REVA
University during the academic year 2022-2023, is submitting the project report in partial fulfillment
for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering during
the academic year 2022–23. The project report has been tested for plagiarism and has passed the
plagiarism test with a similarity score of less than 15%. The project report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements regarding the Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature with date Signature with date

Dr. Ali Baig Mohammad Dr. K M Sudarshan

Guide Director

External Examiner

Name of the Examiner with affiliation Signature with Date

1.

2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any given task achieved is never the result of efforts of a single individual. There
are always a bunch of people who play an instrumental role leading a task to its
completion. Our joy at having successfully finished our mini project work would
be incomplete without thanking everyone who helped us out along the way. We
would like to express our sense of gratitude to our REVA University for
providing us the means of attaining our most cherished goal.

We would like to thank our Hon’ble Chancellor, Dr. P. Shyama Raju and Hon’ble
Vice Chancellor, Dr. M Dhananjaya for their immense support towards students
toshowcase innovative ideas.

We cannot express enough thanks to our respected Director, Dr. Sudarshan sir
for providing us with a highly conducive environment and encouraging the
growth and creativity of each student. We would also like to offer our sincere
gratitude to our Project Coordinators for the numerous learning opportunities that
have been provided.

We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to our Project
Guide, Prof. Ali Baig Mohammad for continuously supporting and guiding us in
our every endeavor as well for taking a keen and active interest in the progress of
every phase of our Project. Thank you for providing us with the necessary inputs
and suggestions for advancing with our Project work. We deeply appreciate the
wise guidance that sir has provided.

Finally, we would like to extend our sincere thanks to all the faculty members,
staff from School of Electronics and Communication Engineering.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements i
Table of Contents ii
List of Figures iii -iv
Abstract v

Chapter 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1-2
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Objectives/Scope of work 3
1.4 Motivation 3-4
Chapter 2
Literature Survey 5-10
Chapter 3
Proposed Work 11
3.1 Methodology 11-12
3.2 Circuit Diagram 13
3.3 Flow Chat 14-15
3.4 System Requirements 16-30
Chapter 4
Result Analysis 31-35
4.1 Result Analysis 31-35
.Chapter 5
Conclusion & Future Scope 36-37
5.1 Conclusion 36
5.2 Future Scope 37

References 38-39
Appendix 40-41
Appendix A – ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module 40-41
Conference/ Article papers published 42
Bill Material 43

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES
SL.NO FIGURE NUMBER FIGURE NAME

1 Figure 3.1.1 Block Diagram

2 Figure 3.2.1 Circuit Diagram

3 Figure 3.3.1 Flow Chat

4 Figure3.4.1.1 Blynk App

5 Figure 3.4.2.1 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

6 Figure 3.4.2.2 Alcohol Sensor MQ-2

7 Figure 3.4.2.3 Vibration Sensor

LM393

8 Figure 3.4.2.4 Eyeblink Sensor

9 Figure 3.4.2.5 DC Motor

10 Figure 3.4.2.6 Relay

11 Figure 3.4.2.7 Ultrasonic Sensor

(HCSR-04)

12 Figure 3.4.2.8 Buzzer

13 Figure 3.4.2.9 GPS (SIM28 MGPS)

14 Figure 4.1 Circuit Diagram

iii
15 Figure 4.2 Status of rider

16 Figure 4.3 Alcohol Status

17 Figure 4.4 Accident Status

18 Figure 4.5 Bike Information

iv
 Abstract
Motorbike accidents have become a common occurrence, with many people getting
injured or losing their lives due to the lack of helmet usage. To address this issue, an
"intelligent helmet" has been proposed, which incorporates a control system into the
helmet to improve road safety for motorcyclists. The project aims to reduce the
increasing number of fatalities among motorcyclists caused by accidents and drunk
driving. The smart helmet includes features such as only allowing the bike to start
when the rider is wearing a helmet, automatically turning off the ignition if the driver
is excessively intoxicated, and transmitting the exact location of an accident through
a GPS module connected to an IoT application. Additionally, an ultrasonic sensor is
used to detect the distance between vehicles and prevent accidents, while an alcohol
sensor detects alcoholic substances in the driver's breath to prevent the bike from
starting if alcohol is detected. The project's primary objective is to develop a smart
helmet that can prevent accidents and detect alcohol to improve road safety

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 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Technology has revolutionized the way we live, work and communicate.
In the field of transportation, motorcycles have become a popular choice
for younger generations worldwide, but they are also considered the
riskiest mode of transportation. Due to the lack of body protection,
motorcyclists are vulnerable on the road, and even a small mistake can
result in severe injuries or death. Therefore, it is essential to consider
various factors such as equipment model, vehicle design, and driver skills
to ensure motorcycle safety. However, reckless driving, speeding, drunk
driving, and ignoring traffic rules are significant causes of accidents. One
of the most critical factors that contribute to severe injuries and fatalities
is the absence of a helmet. Wearing a helmet is not only mandatory but
also a lifesaver. The development of new technologies such as the
Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to improve road safety by
preventing dangerous traffic situations. Smart motorcycle helmets
equipped with sensors and warning systems can provide riders with real-
time alerts about their surroundings and potential hazards. This will not
only enhance the rider's safety but also make them more aware of their
surroundings. Our project aims to promote "safety on two wheels" by
creating innovative smart helmets that incorporate the latest wireless
technology. Our helmets are designed for maximum comfort and include
features such as alcohol detection and accident detection. By connecting
to the rider's smartphone, our helmets can enhance the safety and
functionality of motorcycle riding. With our smart helmets, riders will be
alerted in case of any potential hazards, and the helmet's in-built accident
detection system will alert emergency services in case of an accident.
1
This will not only help save lives but also reduce the number of fatalities
caused by motorcycle accidents. the development of new technologies
such as smart helmets can help improve motorcycle safety. It is crucial to
promote the use of helmets and educate riders on the importance of
following traffic rules and regulations. With the implementation of smart
helmets, riders can be alerted about potential hazards in real-time, making
them more aware of their surroundings. The use of smart helmets can go
a long way in reducing the number of severe injuries and fatalities caused
by motorcycle accidents. The Internet of Things has significantly
impacted people's lives by creating a world where assets can be managed
in a better-informed way, leading to more timely and informed decisions.
The Smart Helmet is an innovative project designed to aid riders in
performing various tasks such as alcohol sensing, music playback, and
navigation while driving. The helmet is equipped with Bluetooth
technology and can connect to the rider's smartphone, making it more
convenient to use.
Unfortunately, road accidents in India are a significant concern, with one
death occurring every four minutes due to accidents, and 25% of all
accidents involving two-wheelers. Most bikers who died in these
accidents did not wear a helmet, and over speeding was the leading cause
of death. These accidents can have devastating effects, particularly for the
18-45 age group, which accounts for 68% of all accidents.
As motorcycle riding has become a prevalent mode of transport in India,
technological innovations can significantly help the traffic police enforce
laws related to safe motorcycle operation. One proposed solution is to
install cameras at important traffic junctions to monitor traffic and
identify traffic violators. Another major problem is drunk driving,
especially during nighttime, which can be addressed by embedding
sensors in the bike and helmet to analyze breath and helmet usage.

2
1.2 Problem Statement
Road accidents are a major concern worldwide and one of the leading causes of
death. Helmets play a vital role in reducing the severity of head injuries in case
of a road accident. However, not all riders wear helmets, and even those who
do, may not wear them correctly. In addition, there is no way to ensure that the
rider is not under the influence of alcohol or drugs while riding. Therefore, there
is a need for a smart helmet that can monitor the rider's behavior and alert them
in case of danger.
1.3 Objectives/Scope of work
The main objective of this project is to develop a smart helmet based on IoT
that can monitor the rider's behavior and alert them in case of danger. The
specific objectives of this project are as follows:
➢ To design and implement a helmet section that includes alcohol sensors,
vibration sensors, limit switches, and eyeblink sensors to monitor the
rider's behavior.
➢ To design and implement a bike section that includes GPS, ultrasonic
sensors, and a relay DC motor for vehicle representation to monitor the
bike's movement and location.
➢ To integrate the helmet and bike sections to develop a smart helmet that
can communicate with the rider and alert them in case of danger.
➢ Testing and validation of the smart helmet to ensure its functionality and
effectiveness.

1.4 Motivation
➢ The main motive of our project is to develop a smart helmet with sensors
such as an alcohol sensor, vibration sensor, and limit switch can improve

3
 safety on the road, reducing the risk of accidents caused by impaired
driving or drowsiness.
➢ Adding an eye blink sensor and ultrasonic sensor to the smart helmet can
help riders become more aware of their surroundings and potential
hazards, such as other vehicles or obstacles on the road.
➢ Including a buzzer in the helmet can provide immediate feedback to the
rider when they are engaging in risky behavior, such as exceeding the
speed limit or driving erratically, potentially preventing accidents.
➢ The GPS sensor in the project can enable real-time monitoring of a rider's
location, allowing for better tracking and response in the event of an
emergency or accident.
➢ The combination of all these sensors in a smart helmet can provide a
convenient all-in-one solution for riders, eliminating the need for multiple
devices or gadgets that may be cumbersome to use while riding

4
Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
In this paper they described about the smart helmet. The helmet features a PIR
sensor, which can detect the presence of a person nearby, perhaps to provide an
alert when someone is approaching. An alcohol sensor is also included,
presumably to detect the level of alcohol in the rider's breath and prevent them
from operating the motorcycle while intoxicated. The helmet also has an SOS
button, which can be used to call for help in case of an emergency. The
microcontroller used in the helmet is T1-CC3200, which is responsible for
controlling the sensors and communication modules. Additionally, a tilt sensor
is included to detect accidents, which could trigger an alert or automatically
send a message to emergency contacts. The GPS and GSM modules can help to
locate the rider's position and send a distress message to emergency contacts in
case of an accident.
Overall, this smart helmet seems to be designed with safety in mind and could
potentially save lives by providing real-time monitoring and communication in
case of emergencies [1].
It seems that the paper is focused on designing a helmet that incorporates
various sensors and communication technologies to enhance rider safety.
Specifically, the helmet includes a touch sensor to determine if the rider is
wearing the helmet, an alcohol sensor (MQ-135) to detect if the rider is under
the influence of alcohol, and a tilt sensor (MMA7361) to detect if an accident
has occurred. To provide timely assistance in case of an accident, the helmet
also includes a GSM module with a SIM card slot for sending SMS alerts to
registered family members. However, since knowing the location of the
accident is critical for timely assistance, the helmet also incorporates a GPS
module to provide the latitude and longitude of the accident location. This
information is included in the SMS alerts sent to registered family members.

5
Overall, the paper appears to propose a novel approach to enhancing rider safety
through the integration of various sensors and communication technologies in a
smart helmet. By detecting potential risks and providing timely assistance, the
helmet could potentially reduce the number of accidents and fatalities related to
motorcycle riding.[2]
It appears that the paper is proposing the integration of various technologies
into a helmet to enhance rider safety while riding a motorcycle. As mentioned,
wearing a helmet is crucial to protect riders from head injuries in the event of an
accident. The sharp IR sensor can be used to detect whether or not the rider is
wearing a helmet, which can help ensure compliance with safety regulations.
The paper also highlights the issue of drunk driving, which can be a major cause
of accidents for motorcycle riders. The alcohol sensor can be used to detect if
the rider is under the influence of alcohol, which can help prevent accidents
caused by impaired driving. Additionally, the vibration sensor mentioned in the
paper can be used to detect accidents. In case of an accident, the location can be
traced using GPS technology and transmitted via GSM communication to
designated contacts. It is noted that an Arduino Mega2560 is used for
communication purposes. Overall, the paper appears to be proposing a system
that can help enhance rider safety by detecting helmet usage, preventing
impaired driving, and quickly notifying designated contacts in case of an
accident.[3].
In this paper described about smart helmet with several features, including an
alcohol sensor, a GSM module, an OLED display, and a microphone and
speaker. The Arduino Uno is used as the main controller for the project. The
alcohol sensor is used to detect whether the rider has consumed alcohol or not.
This can help prevent accidents and promote safer driving. The GSM module,
which has a SIM card in it, is used to communicate with the controller using AT
commands. This allows the controller to send and receive data over total
cellular network. The OLED display is connected to the controller using the I2C

6
bus and is used to display information such as the rider's speed, battery level,
and incoming calls. The microphone and speaker are used to send audio signals
to the rider. For example, when there is an incoming call, the speaker will play a
ringtone to alert the rider. Overall, this project demonstrates how various
technologies can be combined to create a smart helmet that can improve safety
and provide useful information to the rider [4].
In this paper they describe a proposed system for ensuring rider safety while
riding a bike. The system uses various sensors, including gas, force, and
vibration sensors, to detect conditions such as the rider wearing a helmet and the
occurrence of an accident. Instead of using external GSM and GPS modules, the
proposed system uses the respective modules present in the rider's smartphone
with the help of an app created using MIT App Inventor. The system consists of
three main components: the helmet, the bike, and the smartphone app. The
helmet contains an Arduino Uno board and various sensors, including an
alcohol sensor, a force sensor, and a vibration sensor. The bike includes an
Arduino Nano, an RF receiver, and a relay to control the bike's current. The
smartphone app uses Bluetooth to connect to the helmet device and sends
relevant information to concerned individuals in case of an accident. The
proposed system aims to increase efficiency and reduce costs by utilizing the
phone's inbuilt Bluetooth, GPS, and GSM modules. The app is designed to be
user-friendly and intuitive, making it accessible to everyone, especially young
people. Overall, the proposed system aims to improve rider safety while riding a
bike by using sensors and smartphone technology to detect and respond to
various conditions [5].
In this paper they are describing a smart helmet project that uses an Arduino-
Uno microcontroller, an alcohol sensor (MQ135), a GSM module (GSM 800A),
an accelerometer (MPU6050), and a 0.96-inch OLED screen. The alcohol
sensor is used to detect whether the rider has consumed alcohol or not, and is
connected to the Arduino-Uno. The GSM module is used to send messages to

7
emergency contacts and is connected to the microcontroller via Tx and Rx pins,
using AT commands for communication. The accelerometer is used to detect
accidents and is connected to the controller and the OLED screen using I2C
protocol for communication. The 0.96-inch OLED screen shows the status of
the call or the system and communicates with the controller using I2C protocol.
The small size of the screen is used to avoid distracting the rider. Overall, it
seems like the project is designed to help promote rider safety by detecting
alcohol consumption, detecting accidents, and quickly alerting emergency
contacts if necessary [6].
The smart helmet they described seems to be a useful and innovative tool for
ensuring the safety of construction workers. By incorporating an Arduino Uno
as the controller and MPU6500 sensors to detect accidents in the work field, the
helmet can quickly detect a worker's fall and alert both the contractor and
nearby workers to the situation. The GSM module and mobile application also
play a critical role in providing a protocol for the 2G network to send alert
messages to the contractor and display all the details on the mobile application.
The use of a panic button (buzzer) to alert nearby workers of any emergency
situations is also an excellent feature to ensure the safety of all workers on the
site. It's crucial that both the contractor and workers have access to the mobile
application with their respective ID and passwords to monitor and receive all
the necessary information about the workers' safety. This will help to prevent
any disasters or emergencies from happening and ensure that all workers are
safe while on the job [7].
In this project, the smart helmet is designed to provide safety features for
motorcycle riders. Using a touch sensor to detect if the rider is wearing a helmet
is a good safety measure, as helmets can help prevent serious head injuries in
case of an accident. The gyroscope sensor can be used to detect sudden changes
in movement or orientation, which can indicate an accident. Once an accident is
detected, the crash sensor can provide confirmation and trigger the necessary

8
response, such as sending notifications to emergency contacts. The gas sensor
and GPS can also be useful features in case of an accident. The gas sensor can
detect any harmful gases that may be released during an accident, and the GPS
can provide the exact location of the rider if they are unable to communicate
their location. Using ZIGBEE protocol for wireless communication between the
helmet section and bike section is a good choice as it allows for reliable and
secure data transmission. The DC motor and LCD display in the bike section
can be used to display important information to the rider, such as speed and
distance travelled. Overall, this smart helmet project has the potential to
improve the safety of motorcycle riders and could be a useful addition to the
market [8].
The smart helmet project seems to be a comprehensive system that integrates
various sensors and communication modules to enhance the safety and security
of bike riders. Helmet section: Arduino Nano: serves as the brain of the helmet
section and facilitates communication with the bike section via NRF
24L01.Buzzer: can be used to alert the rider in case of an emergency or critical
situation. Pulse sensor: detects the rider's pulse and can be used to determine if
the rider is wearing the helmet or not. Alcohol sensor (MQ3): detects the
presence of alcohol in the rider's breath and can be used to prevent drunk riding.
Accelerometer: measures the acceleration of the helmet and can be used to
detect sudden movements or impacts, which may indicate an accident. NRF
24L01: acts as a wireless communication module between the helmet and bike
sections. Bike section: FSR sensor: detects the pressure applied on the bike seat
and can be used to detect if someone is trying to steal the bike. GSM: enables
communication with the outside world via mobile networks, and can be used to
send SMS alerts in case of an accident. GPS: provides the location of the bike
and can be used to track the rider's movements. LiDAR sensor: can be used to
detect obstacles or other objects in the bike's path and alert the rider
accordingly. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module: can be used to connect to Wi-Fi networks

9
and facilitate internet-based communication. Overall, the smart helmet project
seems to be a promising solution for enhancing the safety of bike riders by
integrating various sensors and communication modules [9].
In this paper the helmet switch sensor would be used to detect whether the
rider is wearing the helmet or not. The load sensor could be used to detect
whether the rider has additional weight on the bike, which could affect the
bike's handling and safety. The load sensor could also be used to detect impacts
to the helmet, which could indicate that the rider has been in an accident. The
GPS and GSM modules could be used to track the location of the rider and send
emergency messages to pre-selected contacts if an accident is detected. This
could be especially useful in situations where the rider is unable to call for help
themselves. Overall, this combination of sensors and modules could help
improve safety for motorcycle riders and provide an added layer of security in
case of an accident [10].

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Chapter 3

PROPOSED WORK
The proposed system would be a comprehensive solution for improving road
safety by detecting and alerting riders of potential hazards on the road. It would
consist of a smart helmet section and bike section; both equipped with a range
of sensors and components to detect and respond to potential hazards in real-
time. The architecture of the system would involve integrating the smart helmet
section and bike section. The data collected from the sensors in the helmet
section would be transmitted wirelessly to the bike section, where it would be
processed and analyzed. The bike section would then provide real-time alerts to
the rider.
3.1 METHODOLOGY

Figure 3.1.1: Block Diagram

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The block diagram displayed above was produced based on our concept.
The block diagram comprises two ESP microcontrollers, with one
dedicated to the helmet section and the other to the bike section.
The bike section with one serving as the server for the bike section, and
the other as the client for the helmet section. This design allows for
efficient communication between the two sections, allowing for timely
response in case of any emergencies. The bike section of the system is
equipped with an ultrasonic sensor that detects nearby objects, helping to
prevent accidents. Additionally, a GPS module is included for location
tracking and accident reporting, and a relay and DC motor are used to
represent the bike and control its movement. On the other hand, the
helmet section is designed to monitor the rider's behavior and provide
alerts when necessary. It comprises various sensors, including a vibration
sensor that detects accidents and alerts the system, an eye blink sensor
that detects drowsiness in the rider's eyes and alerts them using a buzzer,
and an alcohol sensor that detects whether the rider has consumed alcohol
or smoked. Moreover, a push button is included to check whether the
rider is wearing a helmet before starting the bike, thereby ensuring rider
safety. Overall, the proposed system aims to enhance motorcycle safety
and security by detecting and alerting riders about any potential dangers,
and by providing location tracking and accident reporting capabilities.
The system also promotes responsible riding behavior by monitoring the
rider's alcohol consumption and ensuring helmet usage, thereby reducing
the risk of accidents and injuries. The proposed design has the potential to
significantly improve motorcycle safety, and its implementation could
potentially save countless lives.

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 3.2 Circuit Diagram

Figure 3.2.1: Circuit Diagram

Based on the block diagram of our project, as illustrated in Figure 3.1.1, the
corresponding circuit connections have been delineated in Figure 3.2.1.

13
3.3 Flow Chat

Figure 3.3.1: Flow Chat

14
The following flowchart describes the operating conditions of a motorcycle
equipped with advanced safety features. The engine will be activated only when
the rider wears a helmet, and the helmet section is verified using a limit switch.
If the helmet is not worn, the engine will not start. Moreover, an alcohol sensor
measures the rider's alcohol intake; if none was detected, the engine will start.
If the rider is drunk, the engine won't start and a buzzer will sound to warn the
rider.
While riding the motorcycle, if an accident occurs, the vibration sensor detects
it, and the buzzer will be activated immediately. The accident is also reported to
an IoT application called Blynk IoT. In addition, to prevent accidents caused by
opponent vehicles with an unexpected interference, The ultrasonic sensor is
installed on the motorcycle Which detects the distance of the opponent vehicle.
If the vehicle reaches fixed distance of the opponent vehicle, the engine
automatically stops, and the buzzer is activated to alert the rider.
While operating a motorcycle, the rider could occasionally feel sleepy. An eye
blink sensor is added to detect the rider's drowsiness in order to take care of this
safety risk. A buzzer is activated as an alert signal to prevent accidents if
drowsiness is detected in the rider.
In the unfortunate case that the rider loses the motorcycle, the GPS location is
tracked, and a buzzer is activated, indicating the lost motorcycle's location in the
Blynk app. All safety-related updates and alerts are displayed in real-time in the
Blynk app, ensuring for a safe and secure ride.

15
 3.4 System Requirements and Specifications

3.4.1 Software Requirement

• BLYNK APP
• Embedded C
• Arduino IDE
Blynk App:

Figure3.4.1.1: Blynk App

This guide will help you understand how to get started using Blynk and give a
comprehensive overview of all the features. If you want to jump straight into
playing with Blynk, check out Getting Started.

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How Blynk Works:
Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware
remotely, it can display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many
other cool things. There are three major components in the platform: Blynk App
- allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using various
widgets we provide. Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications
between the smartphone and hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run
your private Blynk server locally. It’s open-source, could easily handle
thousands of devices and can even be launched on a Raspberry Pi. Blynk
Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication with
the server and process all the incoming and out coming commands. Now
imagine: every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels to
space the Blynk Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It
works the same in the opposite direction and everything happens in a Blynk of
an eye.
Features:
• Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices
• Connection to the cloud using:
• Wi-Fi
• Bluetooth and BLE
• Ethernet
• USB (Serial)
• GSM
Set of easy-to-use Widgets Direct pin manipulation with no code writing Easy
to integrate and add new functionality using virtual pins. History data
monitoring via Super Chart widget Device-to-Device communication using.
Bridge Widget Sending emails, tweets, push notifications, etc. new features are
constantly added! You can find example sketches covering basic Blynk

17
Features. They are included in the library. All the sketches are designed to be
easily combined with each other.
Getting Started with the Blynk App:

1. Create a Blynk Account: After you download the Blynk App, you’ll need
to create a New Blynk account. This account is separate from the
accounts used for the Blynk Forums; in case you already have one. We
recommend using a real email address because it will simplify things
later. Why do I need to create an account? An account is needed to save
your projects and have access to them from multiple devices from
anywhere. It’s also a security measure. You can always set up your own
Private Blynk Server and have full control.

2. Create a New Project: After you’ve successfully logged into your

account, start by creating a new project.

3. Choose Your Hardware: Select the hardware model you will use. Check
out the list of supported hardware.

4. Auth Token: AUTH Token is a unique identifier which is needed to

connect your hardware to your smartphone. Every new project you create
will have its own Auth Token. You’ll get Auth Token automatically on
your email after project creation. You can also copy it manually. Click on
devices section and selected required device. And you’ll see token.
NOTE: Don’t share your Auth Token with anyone, unless you want
someone to have access to your hardware. It’s very convenient to send it
over e-mail. Press the e-mail button and the token will be sent to the e-
mail address you used for registration. You can also tap on the Token line
and it will be copied to the clipboard. Now press the “Create” button.

5. Add a Widget: Your project canvas is empty, let’s add a button to control
our LED. Tap anywhere on the canvas to open the widget box. All the
available widgets are located here. Now pick a button. Widget Box drag-
n-Drop - Tap and hold the Widget to drag it to the new position. Widget
Settings - Each Widget has its own settings. Tap on the widget to get to
them. The most important parameter to set is PIN. The list of pins reflects
physical pins defined by your hardware. If your LED is connected to
Digital Pin 8 - then select D8 (D - stands for Digital).

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 6. Run the Project: When you are done with the settings - press the PLAY
button. This will switch you from EDIT mode to PLAY mode where you
can interact with the hardware. While in PLAY mode, you won’t be able
to drag or set up new widgets, press STOP and get back to EDIT mode.
You will get a message saying “Arduino UNO is offline”. We’ll deal with
that in the next section. Getting Started with Hardware. How To Use an
Example Sketch You should by now have the Blynk Library installed on
your computer. If not - click here. Example sketches will help you get
your hardware online quickly and major Blynk features. Open the
example sketch according to the hardware model or shield you are using.

EMBEDDED C:
Embedded C is one of the most popular and most commonly used Programming
Languages in the development of Embedded Systems. So, in this article, we will
see some of the Basics of Embedded C Program and the Programming Structure
of Embedded C.

Embedded C is perhaps the most popular languages among Embedded

Programmers for programming Embedded Systems. There are many popular
programming languages like Assembly, BASIC, C++ etc. that are often used for
developing Embedded Systems but Embedded C remains popular due to its
efficiency, less development time and portability.

Before digging in to the basics of Embedded C Program, we will first take a

look at what an Embedded System is and the importance of Programming
Language in Embedded Systems.

An Embedded System can be best described as a system which has both the
hardware and software and is designed to do a specific task. A good example
for an Embedded System, which many households have, is a Washing Machine.
We use washing machines almost daily but wouldn’t get the idea that it is an
embedded system consisting of a Processor (and other hardware as well) and
software.

The C Programming Language, developed by Dennis Ritchie in the late 60’s

and early 70’s, is the most popular and widely used programming language. The
C Programming Language provided low level memory access using an
uncomplicated compiler (a software that converts programs to machine code)
and achieved efficient mapping to machine instructions.

19
The C Programming Language became so popular that it is used in a wide range
of applications ranging from Embedded Systems to Super Computers.

Embedded C Programming Language, which is widely used in the development

of Embedded Systems, is an extension of C Program Language. The Embedded
C Programming Language uses the same syntax and semantics of the C
Programming Language like main function, declaration of datatypes, defining
variables, loops, functions, statements, etc.

The extension in Embedded C from standard C Programming Language include

I/O Hardware Addressing, fixed point arithmetic operations, accessing address
spaces, etc.

Arduino IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software
(IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a
toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to
the Arduino and Genuine hardware to upload programs and communicate with
them.

Writing Sketches

Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These
sketches are written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension.ino.
The editor has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The
message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays
errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino Software (IDE),
including complete error messages and other information. The bottom righthand
corner of the window displays the configured board and serial port. The toolbar
buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save
sketches, and open the serial monitor.

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 3.4.2 Hardware Requirement
❖ ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
❖ Alcohol Sensor
❖ GPS
❖ Vibration sensor
❖ Limit switch
❖ Eye Blink
❖ Buzzer
❖ DC motor
❖ Ultrasonic sensor
❖ Relay

ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module:

Figure 3.4.2.1: ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi module that was introduced by Espressif
Systems in 2014. It has become one of the most popular modules for DIY
electronics projects due to its low price, small size, and ease of use. The
ESP8266 module includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) with built-in Wi-Fi
capabilities. It can be programmed using the Arduino IDE or other
programming languages such as Python, Lua, and C. The module has a variety

21
of input and output pins that allow it to interact with other electronic
components such as sensors, actuators, and displays. One of the main
advantages of the ESP8266 module is its low power consumption, which makes
it suitable for battery-powered applications. It also supports a range of Wi-Fi
protocols including TCP/IP, HTTP, and MQTT, which allows it to
communicate with other devices and services over the internet. The ESP8266
has been widely used in applications such as home automation, smart devices,
and Internet of Things (IoT) projects. With its low cost and versatility, it has
become an essential component for many makers and hobbyists.
Specifications:
• MCU: Tensilica L106 32-bit RISC microcontroller
• Clock speed: 80 MHz
• Operating voltage: 3.0 to 3.6 V
• Flash memory: 512 KB to 16 MB (depending on the model)
• RAM: 80 KB to 160 KB (depending on the model)
• Wi-Fi protocol support: 802.11 b/g/n
• Wi-Fi modes: station, soft access point, and station + soft access point
• Security protocols: WPA/WPA2, WEP, TKIP, AES
• GPIO pins: up to 17
• ADC channels: 1 (10-bit resolution)
• UART interfaces: 1
• SPI interfaces: 2
• I2C interfaces: 1
• PWM outputs: up to 6
• Operating temperature range: -40°C to +125°C
• Dimensions: 24.8 mm x 16 mm x 3 mm

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Alcohol Sensor:

Figure 3.4.2.2: Alcohol Sensor MQ-2

The MQ-2 sensor is a type of gas sensor that can detect various gases, including
alcohol. It works by measuring changes in electrical conductivity when it comes
in contact with certain gases. The sensor has a built-in heater that heats up a
small sensing element made of a material that reacts to certain gases. When the
sensing element comes into contact with alcohol vapor, its resistance changes,
which is then detected by the circuitry of the sensor. The sensor produces an
analog output voltage that can be read by a microcontroller or other digital
device. The MQ-2 alcohol sensor is commonly used in breathalyzer devices and
other applications where the detection of alcohol vapor is important, such as in
industrial settings where alcohol fumes may be present. However, it's important
to note that the sensor is not capable of measuring blood alcohol concentration
and is not suitable for use as a personal breathalyzer. It should be used only for
detecting the presence of alcohol vapor in the air.

Specifications:
• Detection Gas: alcohol, smoke, propane, methane, etc.
• Operating Voltage: 5V DC
• Power Consumption: ≤ 150mA
• Sensitivity: adjustable
• Analog Output: 0-5V
• Digital Output: TTL level (0 and 1)

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 • Preheat time: 1-2 minutes
• Detection range: alcohol concentration of 20-2000 ppm
• Dimensions: 32mm x 22mm x 27mm
• Weight: 5g

Vibration Sensor:

Figure 3.4.2.3: Vibration Sensor LM393

The LM393 is a dual-comparator IC (integrated circuit) that can be used as a
vibration sensor when combined with a piezoelectric sensor. The piezoelectric
sensor converts mechanical vibration into an electrical signal, which can then be
amplified and processed by the LM393.To use the LM393 as a vibration sensor,
you will need to connect the piezoelectric sensor to one of the comparator
inputs (either the positive or negative input). The other comparator input can be
connected to a reference voltage or ground, depending on the specific
application. The LM393 outputs a digital signal based on the input voltage
levels. If the input voltage on the positive comparator input is higher than the
voltage on the negative comparator input, the output will be high. If the input
voltage on the negative comparator input is higher than the voltage on the
positive comparator input, the output will be low. The output of the LM393 can
be connected to a microcontroller or other circuitry to trigger an action based on
the detected vibration. For example, it could be used to detect a door opening or
closing, to trigger an alarm if someone is attempting to break into a building, or
to detect the presence of an object on a conveyor belt. It’s important to note that
the LM393 is just one component in a vibration sensing system, and there are

24
many other factors to consider when designing such a system, including the
sensitivity and frequency response of the piezoelectric sensor, the amplification
and filtering of the signal, and the specific application requirements.
Specifications:
• Supply Voltage Range: 2V to 36V
• Input Voltage Range: V- to V+ (typically within the supply voltage
range)
• Output Voltage Range: 0V to VCC-1.5V (when used with a typical load)
• Output Current: 6mA (maximum)
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Frequency range: 3Hz to 1.5kHz.

Eyeblink Sensor:

Figure 3.4.2.4: Eyeblink Sensor

An eye blink sensor is a type of sensor that is designed to detect and measure
eye blinks. Eye blink sensors are commonly used in various applications,
including research, medicine, and human-computer interaction. Eye blink
sensors typically use electrooculography (EOG) to detect eye blinks. EOG
measures the electrical activity of the muscles surrounding the eye, which
allows the sensor to detect when the eye blinks. The sensor may be attached to
the skin near the eye using adhesive pads or attached to eyeglasses. Eye blink
sensors are used in a variety of applications. In research, they may be used to

25
study sleep patterns or as a measure of cognitive workload. In medicine, they
may be used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as sleep disorders and
Parkinson's disease. In human-computer interaction, eye blink sensors may be
used to control a computer or other device using eye movements and blinks.
Overall, eye blink sensors are a useful tool for measuring and detecting eye
blinks, and they have a wide range of applications in research, medicine, and
technology.

DC-Motor:

Figure 3.4.2.5: DC Motor

A DC motor is a type of electric motor that converts direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy through the interaction between a magnetic field
and a current-carrying conductor. The basic components of a DC motor include
a rotor (the rotating part of the motor), a stator (the stationary part of the motor),
and a commutator (a rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the
direction of the current in the rotor windings). When a direct current is applied
to the motor, the magnetic field generated by the current in the rotor interacts
with the magnetic field in the stator, causing the rotor to rotate. As the rotor
rotates, the commutator switches the direction of the current in the rotor
windings, causing the rotor to continue to rotate. DC motors are widely used in
a variety of applications, including electric vehicles, robotics, industrial
automation, and household appliances. They are known for their reliability, high
torque, and ease of speed control.

26
Specifications:
• DC motor gear with 30 RPM
• Low voltage DC motor with operating voltage range of 3V to 12V DC
• Gearbox with reduction ratio of 1:10
• Torque of approximately 2 kg-cm
• Diameter of approximately 25mm
• Length of approximately 68mm including the gearbox
• Shaft diameter of approximately 4mm
• Shaft length of approximately 12mm

Relay:

Figure 3.4.2.6: Relay

A relay functions as an electromagnetic switch that can connect or break two
circuits. While a typical switch requires manual operation to close or interrupt a
circuit, a relay utilizes electrical signals to operate electromagnets and control
the opening or closing of other circuits.
Specifications:
• Type: 1 Form C (SPDT) EH JQC-3FC relay
• Contact Rating: 10A at 250VAC/30VDC
• Contact Material: Silver Alloy
• Coil Voltage Options: 5VDC, 6VDC, 9VDC, 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC,
110VAC, and 220VAC (50/60Hz)
• Coil Power Consumption: DC: 0.36W; AC: 0.9VA

27
 • Minimum Electrical Life: 100,000 operations at rated load
• Minimum Mechanical Life: 10,000,000 operations with no load
• Insulation Resistance: 100 MΩ min. at 500VDC
• Dielectric Strength: 1000VAC (50/60Hz) for 1 minute between coil and
contacts
• Operate Time: 15ms max
• Release Time: 10ms max
• Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Dimensions: 19mm x 15.5mm x 15.6mm
• Weight: Approximately 10g
• Mounting: PCB mount

Ultrasonic Sensor:

Figure 3.4.2.7: Ultrasonic Sensor (HCSR-04)

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor module is widely used to measure the
distance between objects. It functions by emitting high-frequency sound waves
and then calculating the time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting
an object.
Specifications:
Operating Voltage: 5V DC
Operating Current: 15 mA
Operating Frequency: 40 kHz

28
Measurement Range: 2 cm to 400 cm (1 inch to 13 feet)
Measurement Accuracy: ±3 mm
Resolution: 0.3 cm
Trigger Input Signal: 10 µs high level pulse
Echo Output Signal: Output a pulse with a width proportional to the distance
Echo Signal: TTL level signal, directly proportional to the measured distance
Minimum Object Size: Approximately 0.5 cm (detection can be challenging for
smaller objects)
Operating Temperature: -15°C to +70°C
Storage Temperature: -20°C to +80°C
Beam Angle: Approximately 15 degrees

Buzzer:

Figure 3.4.2.8: Buzzer

Buzzer is a term used to describe a device that produces a continuous or
intermittent sound to provide an audible signal or alert. Buzzers are commonly
found in various electronic devices and systems to indicate events, warnings, or
notifications. There are different types of buzzers available, including
electromagnetic buzzers and piezoelectric buzzers. Electromagnetic buzzers use
an electromagnet to create sound vibrations, while piezoelectric buzzers utilize
a piezoelectric crystal that vibrates when an electric current is applied.
Specifications:
The buzzer has specific operating specifications which include:

29
 • Voltage range: 1.5V to 24V DC
• Frequency range :1kHz to 10kHz

GPS:

Figure 3.4.2.9: GPS (SIM28 MGPS)

SIMCom produces the SIM28M GPS module, which is known for its high
sensitivity, low power consumption, and small size. This module is compatible
with multiple satellite positioning systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, and Bei
Dou. Its tracking sensitivity is as high as -165dBm, and it consumes only 25mA
during continuous tracking.
Specifications:
• Positioning Accuracy: 2.5m CEP
• Cold Start Time: 27s
• Hot Start Time: 1s
• Warm Start Time: 26s
• Update Rate: Up to 10 Hz
• Operating Voltage: 3.0V - 4.3V
• Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C
• Antenna Type: Active or Passive
• Interfaces: UART, I2C, SPI

30
Chapter 4

RESULT ANALYSIS

Figure 4.1: Circuit Diagram

In our project, we constructed a circuit diagram (figure 4.1) by taking into

account the respective pin diagram (figure 3.2.1) and referencing the block
diagram (figure 3.3.1). We ensured that the required conditions were met by
following a well-defined flowchart.

31
 Figure 4.2: Status of rider

Figure 4.2 provides an explanation of the rider bike status. The status is
indicated as "on" because the helmet status is 1, which indicates that the rider is
wearing a helmet. Furthermore, the alcohol status is indicating "no alcohol,"
meaning that the rider has not consumed any alcohol and is ready to ride. The
eye blink status is indicating "no blink," which implies that the rider is not
experiencing any drowsiness. Lastly, the vibration status is indicating "no
vibration," which suggests that no accidents have occurred.

32
 Figure 4.3: Alcohol Status

Figure 4.3 illustrates the alcohol status. The label displays "alcohol detected,"
which indicates that the rider has consumed alcohol, and as a result, the bike
will not start. This implementation can aid in the reduction of drunk driving
accidents.

33
 Figure 4.4: Accident Status

Figure 4.4 elaborates on the accident status. The vibration status indicates that
an accident has been detected, which implies that the rider has met with an
accident. Moreover, the location of the accident is displayed through the latitude
and longitude values, which aids in determining the exact location where the
accident has occurred.

34
 Figure 4.5: Bike Information

Figure 4.5 displays the complete status of the bike, including when the rider
initiated and terminated the ride, which is represented by device online and
device offline, respectively. Device online indicates that the rider has started the
bike, whereas device offline implies that the rider has ended the ride.

35
Chapter 5

CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 Conclusion
The proposed system is a comprehensive solution that aims to
enhance rider safety and security while on the road. The system is composed
of two parts, the bike section and the helmet section, which work together to
prevent accidents and ensure that the rider is in a safe state. One of the key
features of the system is its ability to detect whether the rider has worn the
helmet and is in a normal state before starting the bike. This is an important
safety measure that can help prevent accidents and injuries. Another
important feature of the system is its ability to detect any drowsiness in the
rider's eyes while riding and alert the rider. This is a useful feature for long
rides, where the rider may become tired and fatigued. In the event of an
accident, the system is equipped with a vibration sensor that is activated, and
the location of the accident is traced using GPS. This can help emergency
responders quickly locate the rider and provide assistance. Additionally, the
GPS system can help prevent bike theft by providing real-time tracking and
location data. Finally, the system is also equipped with an ultrasonic sensor
that can detect any nearby objects and prevent accidents. This is an
important safety feature that can help prevent collisions with other vehicles
or obstacles. Overall, the system appears to be a comprehensive solution that
addresses many of the key safety concerns for bike riders. The ability to
track the bike and prevent theft is also a valuable feature. The use of an
Android app for monitoring and control provides a convenient and user-
friendly interface for riders to manage the system.

36
 5.2 Future Scope
The future scope of our smart helmet project involves the addition of a GSM
module to the circuit, which would enable the notification of nearby hospitals,
police stations, or emergency contacts in the event of an accident. Additionally,
an anti-lock braking system could be incorporated through the activation of an
ultrasonic sensor, which would engage automatically when the vehicle
approaches nearby objects, thus preventing potential accidents. Furthermore, the
prototype could potentially be adapted for use in four-wheel vehicles as well.

37
 REFERENCES
[1] A. Suman, et al, "Aagaahi - A Smart Helmet," 2020 IEEE International Conference
on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT),
Bangalore, India, 2020, pp. 1-6, Doi: 10.1109/CONECCT50063.2020.9198395, ISBN
No:978-1-7281-6829-6.
[2] Muneshawara. M S,et al , "Advanced Wireless techniques to avoid accidents on roads
through wearing Smart helmet," 2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent
Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), Madurai, India, 2021, pp.258
doi:10.1109/ICICCS51141.2021.9432193,ISBN No:978-1-6654-4834-5.
[3] M. E. Alim, S. Ahmad, M. N. Dorabati and I. Hassoun, "Design & Implementation of
IoT Based Smart Helmet for Road Accident Detection," 2020 11th IEEE Annual
Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference
(IEMCON), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2020, pp. 0576-0581, Doi:
10.1109/IEMCON51383.2020.9284820, ISBN No:978-1-7281-84173.
[4] H. Chauhan,et al , "Design and Implementation of a Smart Helmet," 2022 8th
International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems
(ICACCS), Coimbatore, India, 2022, pp. 958-962, Doi:
10.1109/ICACCS54159.2022.9784991,ISBN No:978-1-7281-84173.
[5] Selvakumar. R, et al., "Helmet Rider Safety in a Cost-Effective Way with a Smart
Helmet," 2021 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing,
Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N), Greater Noida, India, 2021, pp.
757-763, Doi: 10.1109/ICAC3N53548.2021.9725567.ISBN No:978-1-6654-3812-4.
[6] H. Chauhan, et al, "IoT Based Fall Detection of a Smart Helmet," 2022 7th
International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES),
Coimbatore, India, 2022, pp. 407-412, Doi: 10.1109/ICCES54183.2022.9835890,
ISBN NO:978-1-6654-9635-3.
[7] V. Jayasree,et al, "IOT Based Smart Helmet for Construction Workers," 2020 7th
International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS), Chennai, India,
2020, pp. 1-5, Doi: 10.1109/ICSSS49621.2020.9202138, ISBN No:978-1-7228-6.
[8] S. Johnpaul, et al, "IoT based Smart Helmet System for Accident Prevention," 2022
International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA), Tamil
Nadu, India, 2022, pp. 599-602, Doi: 10.1109/ICECAA55415.2022.9936313, ISBN
No:978-1-6654-8233-2.

38
[9] P. Pathak, "IoT based Smart Helmet with Motorbike Unit for Enhanced Safety," 2020
2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing,
Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN), Greater Noida, India, 2020,
pp. 528-534, Doi: 10.1109/ICACCCN51052.2020.9362986.ISBN No:978-1-6654-
8233-2.

[10] Priya. C, et al, "Smart Bike Helmet with Vehicle Tracking System using Arduino,"
2022 International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA),
Tamil Nadu, India, 2022, pp. 579-582, Doi: 10.1109/ICECAA55415.2022.9936590,
ISBN No:978-1-6654-8233-2.

39
 APPENDIX - A
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

Figure: ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module pin diagram

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a stand-alone SOC (Security Operation Centre)
that contains an embedded TCP/IP protocol stack that permits any
microcontroller to communicate to a Wi-Fi network.
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module enables internet connectivity to embedded applications.
It uses TCP/UDP communication protocol to connect with server/client.
To communicate with the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, microcontroller needs to use
set of AT commands. Microcontroller communicates with ESP8266-01 Wi-Fi
module using UART having specified Baud rate (Default 115200).
Specifications:
• MCU: Tensilica L106 32-bit RISC microcontroller
• Clock speed: 80 MHz
• Operating voltage: 3.0 to 3.6 V
• Flash memory: 512 KB to 16 MB (depending on the model)
• RAM: 80 KB to 160 KB (depending on the model)

40
• Wi-Fi protocol support: 802.11 b/g/n
• Wi-Fi modes: station, soft access point, and station + soft access point
• Security protocols: WPA/WPA2, WEP, TKIP, AES
• GPIO pins: up to 17
• ADC channels: 1 (10-bit resolution)
• UART interfaces: 1
• SPI interfaces: 2
• I2C interfaces: 1
• PWM outputs: up to 6
• Operating temperature range: -40°C to +125°C
• Dimensions: 24.8 mm x 16 mm x 3 mm

41
CONFERENCE/ ARTICLE PAPERS PUBLISHED
On the 8th of May 2023, we have submitted our paper with the
identification number of 119 to the second international conference on
trends in Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering under the
track name TEECCON2023.

42
Bill Material

45