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Ch - 6
Satellite imagery and topographical map
1. The colour used for drawing of contour lines in contact with the object and thus in contrast to on-site
topographical map is – [MP 2020] observation.
Ans. Brown Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including
2. The latitudinal and longitudinal extension of million geography, land surveying etc.
sheet topographical map is – [MP 2019] 12. What is Geo-stationary satellite? [MP 2017]
Ans. 4o x 4o Ans. A geostationary satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite,
3. The satellite sent by India is – [MP 2018] placed at an altitude of approximately 35,800 kilometers
Ans. IRS (22,300 miles) directly over the equator, that revolves in
4. The R.F. of a topographical map with 15' x 15' the same direction the earth rotates (west to east).
latitudinal and longitudinal extension is – [MP 2017] 13. What are the differences between Topographical
Ans. 1:50,000 Map and Satellite Imagery? [MP 2018]
5. Indian Space Research Centre is situated at Topographical maps Satellite imageries
_______________ . [MP 2020] (i) Topographical maps (i) Satellite imagery can
Ans. Bengaluru. show detailed information show pictorial detail of an
6. In which type of map, relief is shown by counter of a small area. extensive area.
lines? (ii) These maps are drawn (ii) The scale of satellite
Ans. Topographical map. according to a imagery is true only at the
7. What do you mean by sensor? [MP 2020] predetermined scale. principal point and
Ans. A sensor is a device, module, machine or a subsystem distortions occur away
whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its from this point.
environment and send the information to other (iii) Each feature is placed (iii) Accurate
electronics, frequently a computer processor. at a proper direction and measurement of direction
8. State three uses of Topographical Map. [MP 2018, their horizontal distance is and distance is not
2020] proportionate to the scale. possible. (due to camera
Ans. Three uses of Topographical maps: tilt)
(i) Surveying (ii) Urban planning and resource (iv) Relative relief is readily (iv) Relative relief is not
management. (iii) Camping, hunting, fishing, hiking etc. found. readily apparent.
9. What is satellite imagery? [MP 2018, 2019] (v) Areas in accessible to (v) Satellite imagery of
Ans. Revolving artificial satellite around the earth capture surveyors cannot be inaccessible areas can be
imageries with the help of camera. These imageries are mapped. readily obtained.
known as satellite imagery. (vi) Preparation of (vi) Satellite imagery can
10. Define topographical Map. [MP 2018] topographical maps takes be prepared in a short
Ans. Topographical map or toposheet is a special type of longer time to achieve time at frequent intervals.
map where the several physical features as well as the accuracy.
man-made or artificial features of the same place are (vii) These maps use (vii) Satellite imageries do
represented in one single map with the help of conventional signs and not use any sign or
conventional symbols. E.g. relief, drainage settlements, symbols to depict or symbol to represent any
temples, transport etc. describe features shown. feature
11. What is “Remote sensing”? [MP 2017] (viii) These maps contain (viii) Satellite imageries
Ans. Remote sensing is the acquisition of information names and are titled and do not show name and
about an object or phenomenon without making physical labelled. are not labelled.

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(ix) Topographical maps do (ix) These imageries show 1. Remote sensing allows coverage of very large areas
not show up-to-date up-to date information which enables regional survey on a variety of themes.
information. with relative accuracy. 2. It allows repetitive coverage of certain dynamic themes
(x) Topographical maps (x) Satellite imageries are or dynamic topics such as water, agricultural fields etc.
can be read even in poor difficult to read in poor 3. It allows easy collection of data over a variety of scales
light condition. light conditions. and resolutions.
4. There is no limitation of information that can be
14. Discuss about three major uses of satellite gathered from a single image through remote sensing.
imageries. [MP 2017] 5. The data obtained by remote sensing can be easily
Ans. Indian space research organisation (ISRO) and processed and analyzed.
National Remote sensing agency build and research the 6. The data can be analyzed in a laboratory.
satellite imageries in India. These imageries provide – 7. Remote sensing can be done without any obstruction
(i) Different weather condition. i.e. passive recording by the sensor is possible.
(ii) Drawing of flood and drought related map. 8. Map revision is possible by remote sensing.
(iii) List of crops. 9. Colour composite can be obtained or produced through
(iv) Drawing of the map of marshy land and forest area. remote sensing.
(v) Map of mountain terrain. 10. It is easier to locate floods, forest fire over a large
(vi) Imageries related to planning and development of soil, region.
badland and ecosystem. 11. It is a cheap and constructive method of mapping.
(vii) Imageries of geological map. Disadvantages or demerits of remote sensing are:
15. Distinguish between Geostationary and 1. It is fairly expensive.
Synchronous satellites. [MP 2020] 2. It requires a special kind of training to analyze the
Geostationary Satellites Synchronous Satellites images.
(i) These satellites are (i) These Satellites are 3. It is not suitable for analyzing smaller area.
placed exactly along the placed exactly along the 18. Give an account of different types of scales used in
equator. pole. “topographical maps”. [MP 2017, 2020]
(ii) Its orbit lies 36,000 to (ii) Its orbit lies 700 to 900 Ans. Map scale represents the relationship between
40,000 km above the km above the surface of distance of any two points on the map and the actual
surface of the earth. the earth. distance of the same two points on the ground.
𝐦𝐚𝐩 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬
(iii) The orbital period is (iii) The orbital period is Scale =
𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬
one sidereal day or about about 100 minutes. The scale of the topographical map is found at the
24 hours. bottom centre of the map. There are three ways in which
(iv) This satellite appears at (iv) This satellite revolves the scale of a map is expressed:
a fixed position and at a in polar orbit around the 1. Representative fraction 2. Linear scale 3. Statement
definite height to an earth. scale
observer on earth
(v) Its orbit is not circular (v) Its orbit is circular and 1. Representative fraction
and its inclination to its inclination to equator
equator is not zero. is zero. A fractional scale map displays a portion of an object or
(vi) These satellites used in (vi) This satellite used in geographic feature on the map. This type employs a series
many purpose. only observation purpose. of integers to represent an item or a landmark such
(vii) This covers area of the (vii) This covers area of as 1:24,000.
earth in one time. 2100km in one time.

16. Briefly discuss about three main characteristic

features of satellite imageries. [MP 2019]
Ans: Characteristics of Satellite Image:- The
characteristics of satellite images are as follows:
(i) These are produced in digital form. 2. Linear Scale
(ii) Satellite images are generated from line scanners and A linear scale depicts the distance between two or more
digital cameras, notable locations. On maps, the linear scale is a series of
(iii) Basic element of these images is a pixel. lines or dots that represent a landmark.
(iv) They possess row and column structure.
17. Mention the merits and demerits of remote
sensing. [MP 2019]
Ans. Merits or Advantages of Remote Sensing are:

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3. Verbal Scale
Simple terms are used to define a noticeable surface
feature on this scale. A verbal map scale describes a
location or object by expanding abbreviations, for
example “One inch to the mile”.
19. What is a topographical map?
Ans. The map that represents the physical as well as
cultural features of a place at a time with the help of certain
colours and conventional symbols, is called a
topographical map.
20. What is a sensor?
Ans. A sensor is a specialised camera that is installed in a
satellite in order to take photographs of the earth.
21. What is Remote sensing?
Ans. Remote sensing is the method of collecting
information of a place or region without physically
reaching there.
22. What is Landsat?
Ans. Landsat is a very special kind of satellite launched by
the NASA, USA. So far, 8 satellites of this series have been
launched. (Landsat 1-8). Landsat 1 was launched in 1972
and Landsat 8 was launched in 2013.
23. What is IRS?
Ans. IRS stands for Indian Remote Sensing Satellite. So far,
20 satellites have been launched by India for preparing
satellite imageries and other purposes, of which 11 are of
IRS series. The latest of this series launched in 2013 is
SARAL.
24. What are the merits of satellite imageries?
Ans. The merits of satellite imageries are:
(i) They can give synoptic view of the earth (23cm x 23cm
maps) as well as represent huge areas (30,000 sq km)
(ii) Information of resources and physical processes
working in rugged and difficult terrains can be acquired
easily.
(iii) Clear images can be taken ever under cloud cover.
(iv) Information collected is digital and that can be easily
analysed by computers.
(v) Weather forecasts can be gathered.
25. What are the demerits of satellite imageries?
Ans. The demerits of satellite imageries are:
(i) Images cannot be taken in cloud cover without
microwave sensors.
(ii) Critical survey of very minute areas is not possible.
(iii) Actual size or height of an object cannot be
determined accurately.
(iv) Similar objects lying side by side are difficult to assess.
(v) The whole process of acquiring images is very
expensive.
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26. What are the characteristics of topographical
maps?
Ans. Topographical maps are a special type of maps,
where physical and manmade features are shown
together. The characteristics are:
(i) They are prepared in precise scales. Hence location and
size of objects can be represented accurately.
(ii) Relief and drainage patterns are represented along with
the cultural features like settlements, schools, temples,
mosques, railway lines, PO etc. This helps to understand
the correlation between physical and cultural features.
(iii) The economic conditions of a region can be
understood.
27. What are the characteristics of satellite imageries?
Ans. The characteristics of satellite imageries are:
(i) They can supply complete weather information and
imagery of a full hemisphere at a time.
(ii) Imageries can also be obtained in segments for detailed
descriptions.
(iii) They help in resource surveys.
28. What are the uses of satellite imageries?
Ans. The different uses of satellite imageries are:
(i) They are used for weather forecasting.
(ii) They are used to monitor agricultural yield and their
quality.
(iii) They help to gather information about other planets
and special objects in order to conduct advanced
researches on them.
29. Discuss the steps in acquiring satellite imageries.
Ans. The different steps in acquiring satellite imageries
are:
(i) Collection of ground samples:- To extract useful
information from satellite imageries, some information
needs to be collected from the ground itself. This is called
‘ground samples’ or ‘reference data’ of 'field data. This
helps to verify what the satellite sensors are detecting.
(ii) Image acquisition:- Images are captured by the
desired sensor chosen as per requirements.
(iii) Processing of satellite imagery:- Once the imagery
is acquired, analysts typically go through a series of steps
to prepare imagery for analysis.
(iv) Creation of map:- Once the mathematical
relationship between the satellite data and the field data
has been developed, it is applied to all pixels in the
imagery to create a map. These maps are then put into the
Geographical Information System (GIS).
30. Discuss the importance of Satellite imageries.
Ans. The importance of satellite imageries are -
(i) Satellite imageries give every detail of a region with
maximum accuracy.
(ii) Information regarding landform, slope, ruggedness,
presence of resources, etc. can easily available from
satellite imageries.
(iii) The imageries can be acquired for multiple uses.
(iv) They are prepared very fast and are very useful.
(v) In order to prepare the imageries, we don't need to go
physically to original places.