AWARENESS OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (CPR) AND FIRST AID KNOWLEDGE OF BARANGAY HEALTH

WORKERS OF THE SELECTED BARANGAYS IN VILLA VERDE NUEVA VIZCAYA

A
Research Paper Presented to
The Faculty of the School of Health and Natural Sciences
Saint Mary’s University
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

By:
Conde, Keinrich Gladstone L.
Lim, Nicole
Perez, Dhana Micara C.
Querido, Gerlian Kyle F.

Mr. Hansen Tamilag Villanueva

(Adviser-Co-Author)

October 2023
 ACKNOWLEGMENT
The completion of this research project was made possible through the combined efforts
and dedication of our research team. We, the researchers, would like to express our
sincere gratitude for the help and support from all the persons who are in one way or
another have contributed to making this research possible:

To our adviser-promoter, Mr. Hansen Tamilag Villanueva , for her invaluable guidance
support,
and encouragement throughout this research project; her expertise and mentor ship
were
instrumental in shaping the direction of this study; for her patience and endless effort in
reviewing our work, now;

To our research instructor 1, Mrs. Lorna C. Aban , for her continuous guidance and
efforts in teaching us the research process;

To all the Senior High School students, who will serve as our respondents, for
participating and
allotting their precious time in answering the questions honestly and sincerely, their
contributions were essential to the success of this research;

To Mrs. Lorna C. Aban, our research coordinator for her guidance and support,

To our research panel members, ___________________, _________________, and

___________________, for their insightful comments and recommendations that helped
to
enhance the study.

To the University Research Center Head and Staffs for their valuable time and effort
in the
approval of our research output,

To our parents, guardians, and families, for giving the financial, emotional, and moral
support
that we needed to accomplish our research study;

To all our friends and classmates for supporting us and giving us much-needed
motivation in
completing the study,

Last but not the least, highest gratitude will always be offered to our Almighty Father,
for Hisguidance and compassion throughout the making of this research study
 DEDICATION
This research project is dedicated to all those who will assist us in making our study a
success.

Dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge, this study is a tribute to the countless hours of
dedication.

First and foremost, we owe our research study

devoted entirely to God since we know it would not be possible without him.
To our parents, for their unwavering support;

Conde, Keinrich Gladstone L.

Lim, Nicole
Perez, Dhana Micara C.
Querido, Gerlian Kyle F.

To every teacher, who help and guide us to make a final output;

to all BSN faculty, students, and the whole School of Health and Natural Sciences
Family.
To all who provided us with the necessary support and continue to inspire us to
complete our study, and the passion for understanding that fuels our curiosity.

May the findings of this research contribute to the collective wisdom of humanity and
inspire future explorations in the quest for a better world.
Thank you to everyone.
This work is dedicated to you.
List of Figures
Figure Pages
1 Research Paradigm……………………………………………
2 Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………….
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Acknowledgment……………………………………………………………… ii
Dedication…………………………………………………………………….. iii
List of Figures………………………………………………………………… v

Chapter

I. INTRODUCTION
Conceptual and Analytical Framework…………………………….
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………...

II. METHODOLOGY
Research Design……………………………………………………
Research Locale……………………………………………………
Research Participants………………………………………………
Instrument………………………………………………………….
Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………….
Treatment of Data…………………………………………………..
Ethical Consideration……………………………………………….

References……………………………………………………………………...
Appendices
A Communication Letter.………….………………………………….
D Research Instrument…………………………………………………
E Curriculum Vitae……...……………………………………………..
 CHAPTER I
I. INTRODUCTION

Basic life support (BLS) is a set of emergency procedures applied to a patient, it

comprises a number of techniques like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), shocking,
and first aid treatments to sustain patient’s life until advance medical facility arrives or
the person reaches hospital. BLS including CPR is the initial step of prompt recognition
and to provide emergency support of ventilation and circulation in case of respiratory or
cardiac arrest.1 It has a combination of skills including mouth-to-mouth breathing and
chest compression to normalize blood circulation to the brain and vital organs. BLS
involves nothing as far as resources are concerned and its importance and significance is
undeniable. Adequate knowledge and suitable awareness of the techniques and
practices enable a person to effectively resuscitate a victim and can save a human life.
Ideally everyone should be aware of BLS and must be practically trained. ( Awais Ahmad
et. al)

The administration of Basic Life Support (BLS), with particular emphasis on

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), is an essential component of cardiac survival. CRP
is an emergency critical care technique that aims to maintain adequate breathing and
perfusion until the etiology of the cardiac arrest is identified and resolved. Thus, early
diagnosis, quick and efficient CPR, and prompt defibrillation are vital for a satisfactory
resuscitation result following a cardiac arrest. A trained BLS provider’s fundamental skill
may lower the fatality rate associated with cardiac arrest in people with cardiovascular
disease. Everyone in the community, including medical staff, and students, should be
knowledgeable about BLS. Knowledge of BLS should be extended beyond medical staff
to the entire public. (Mohamad Shadi Alkarrash et. Al)

Health is an indispensable element of living in the community. Barangay health

workers (BHWs) provide healthcare services that meet the health needs of their
constituents in their barangay. They motivate people to live a clean and healthy life.
Core skills, applied knowledge and a good attitude are vital for these BHWs to complete
their jobs effectively and efficiently.

According to Arlington et.al. (2011) that the Barangay Health Worker, also
known as Barangay Health Volunteer, is a category of health care provider in the
Philippines. They undergo a basic training program, and render primary care services in
the community. They are accredited to function as such by the local health board in
accordance with the guidelines promulgated by the Philippines Department of Health,
as defined in Sec 3 of RA 7883. maintains that barangay health workers have one of the
toughest jobs and are one of the most dedicated sectors in the government. It is
however distressing that their efforts are unrecognized and neglected. The work of a
barangay health worker is crucial to the nation’s health care delivery system. They offer
primary
healthcare, maternity and child health, child rights, family planning, nutrition, and
services for information, education, and motivation. They could provide routine kid
weight checks and vaccines. They frequently help midwives with childbirth services. In
the community, government policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities are
mostly planned and carried out at the barangay level. Legarda (2010)

Each of the barangays experiences numerous accidents and emergency

situations every day. The first people to offer assistance are the barangay health
workers. They are crucial to enhancing the nation's healthcare system. mostly because
when a health emergency arises, they are the ones who are readily available and arrive
right away.

Given that they should be the first to respond in an emergency, barangay health
workers ought to be trained in first aid and basic life support. The period of time
between a call for an emergency and the paramedics' arrival is sensitive and crucial. A
person's chances of survival can be increased depending on how they react during this
crucial moment. As a result, barangay health workers are widely used in the provision of
healthcare, particularly in isolated or rural regions.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the amount of first aid and basic life support
training held by barangay health workers. Because certain villages or barangays are
located far from hospitals, barangay health workers are often the first to respond in
emergency circumstances; therefore, it is essential that they possess the necessary
expertise to provide basic medical care to persons who are unwell, sick, or injured. Every
family aspires to have a representative in this global effort to stay current on first aid
and life support procedures, as these skills are their most powerful tool when it comes
to life-and-death situations. Beginning the right first aid procedures in a medical
emergency can make the difference between temporary and permanent disability, life
and death, and a quick recovery or prolonged hospitalization.
II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The Basic Life Support and first aid knowledge of barangay health workers in rendering
primary health care services depends upon their age, civil status, monthly income,
length of residency in their barangay, length of service as BHW and number of trainings
or seminars attended.

Independent variable Depedent Variable

Rendering of primary health care Level of awareness:

services.
1- Not effective
2- Moderately effective
3- Effective
4- Very effective

Correlative Variables

 Age
 Civil Status
 Monthly
 Educational attainment
 Length of residency
 Length of service as
BHW
 Trainings/seminars
attended
III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aimed to assess the Basic Life Support (BLS) and First aid knowledge of
Barangay Health Workers of selected barangays in Villaverde, Nueva Vizcaya in
delivering primary health services.

Specifically, this study aimed to answer these questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents of selected barangays in Villaverde, Nueva

Vizcaya in terms of the following:

a. Age
b. Civil status
d. Educational attainment
e. Length of residency
f. Length of service as BHW
g. Trainings/seminars attended

2. Determine the level of knowledge of Barangay Villaverde in Basic Life Support

and First Aid.
3. What is the level of first aid and basic life support knowledge in each barangay in
villaverde.
4. What is the substantial correlation between the respondents' demographic
profile and level of knowledge?
5. What are the suggestions to improve their knowledge on first aid and basic life
support within the barangay?

IV. NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge on first aid and basic
life support of the Barangay Health Workers on Villaverde and their demographic profile
 CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
I. Research design
The study will employ quantitative research design. The Quantitative research
design uses numerical data which are in form of surveys, questioners and
descriptive type of research that would carefully collect the various necessary data that
would enable the researchers to determine the level of knowledge of BHW in Barangay
Villaverde regarding basic life support and first aid.

II. Research locale

The study was conducted to nine selected barangays of Villaverde, Nueva
Vizcaya. The nine selected barangays are the following:
Bintawan Norte
Bintawan Sur
Cabuluan
Ibung
Nagbitin
Ocapon
Pieza
Poblacion (Turod)
Sawmill

The study will be conducted in Bgry. Villaverde has a population of a population of

20,118 as of 2020. The selected barangays were very accessible for the
researchers because of the availability of transportation.

III. Research participants

The respondents were chosen through simple stratified sampling. 11 barangays
in each locality were chosen to be respondents. All Barangay health workers
were chosen in each barangays.

IV. Research instruments

The instrument that was used in the preliminary study is a standardized
questionnaire which was translated to Ilocano or tagalog.
The questionnaire was composed of informed consent and demographic profile
of the respondents. The questions were also categorized in which the first part
 was about wounds, fracture and lastly CPR, to know their knowledge regarding
basic life support (CPR) and Basic first aid.

V. Data gathering procedure

The Research Ethics Board at Saint Mary's University will first be consulted by
the researchers regarding their ethical considerations. Then, through the
barangay leaders, researchers would distribute a letter of communication to
each barangay in Villaverde. Prior to collecting data, the respondents will be
prospectively enrolled in the study. There will be a prearranged meeting with the
respondents. The researchers will provide the respondents with information
about the study's goals in order to obtain their informed permission.
Additionally, upon their delivery, the researchers will request their cooperation.
The respondents will have time to finish the questionnaire and follow up as
necessary. The researchers will check the responses' completeness after
retrieving each questionnaire. The data will then be gathered and tabulated by
the researchers. The statistician will receive the encoded results and do data
analysis.

Devise of Approval and Reproduction of

questionnaires validation of questionnaires
questionnaires

Retrieval of Floating of Permission to float

questionnaires questionnaires questionnaires

VI. Treatment of data

To answer the specific questions and to test the hypothesis presented in the
study, the data that were gathered from different sources were statistically
treated as follows:

1. To describe the respondents' profile characteristics, frequency counts and

percentage distribution were used.
2. To determine the level of effectiveness of the barangay health workers in the
performance of their functions, mean and standard deviation were used.
 The range and descriptions were as follows: 4) - Very Effective; 3 -Effective; 2)
-Moderately Effective; 1) -Not effective

3. To determine the significant correlation between the respondents' profile

variables and their level of effectiveness, the Pearson r was be computed.

4. To test the equality of variances and to determine if there is a significant

difference in the perception of the community residents and the BHWs
themselves in their effectiveness in performing their functions.

VII. Ethical consideration

The study was submitted for ethics review to Saint Mary's University Research
Ethics Board (SMU-REB), Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya for their approval and
monitoring.

VIII. Conflict of interest

The authors of the study declare that here is no conflict of interest.

IX. Confidentiality and data protection

Consent letters from the respondents should be obtained before the data
collection process to ensure that they agreed to participate in the study. By
restricting its use to the researchers alone, the researchers will ensure that the
personal information of each respondent is preserved, protected, and respected.
Rest assured that all responses are regarded confidential and will only be used
for this academic purpose. The responses from the set questions that are
collected will also be protected so that there will be no leaking of data to others.
Additionally, all collected data will be kept secure in a file that only the
researchers may access. Consequently, once the research study is complete, the
information gathered will be permanently deleted.

X. Management of vulnerability
Consent is required to protect the vulnerable people from damage and
exploitation. Processes will be finished, and we will make sure that their
involvement is voluntary, that they are not coerced into participating in the
study against their choice, that they are not subjected to any punishment, and
that their right to make their own decisions is respected. Additionally, complete
information will be given to them so that they may comprehend their part in the
study. Furthermore, the participants will be protected by other measures, such
as being made aware of their right to refuse or withdraw from the study at any
time and without being required to give a reason, and reassure them that their
privacy and confidentiality will be upheld in all circumstances.
XI. Risk/benefit ratio
There is no significant relationship between the educational attainment of
barangay health workers and their knowledge on basic life support and first aid.
Hence, drive positivity is conducted to determine the level of knowledge of
Barangay Health Workers on performing first aid and knowledge on basic life
support! Barangay health workers are the first responder during emergency
situations especially that some communities or barangays are far from the
hospital.

XII. Informed consent

The researchers will explain the informed consent process to the participants
and provide an overview of the study and how the data will be collected. The
informed consent will also include a instruction from the researchers stating that
only the researchers are permitted to view the questionnaires or surveys, and
they will be reminded of the Data Privacy Act to avoid disclosing personal
information to other students. The data collection will begin once the consent is
signed.
REFERENCES
Ahmad, A., Akhter, N., Mandal, R. K., Areeshi, M. Y., Lohani, M., Irshad, M., Alwadaani, M., &
Haque, S. (2018). Knowledge of basic life support among the students of Jazan University, Saudi
Arabia: Is it adequate to save a life? Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 54(4), 555–
559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2018.04.001

Alkarrash, M. S., Shashaa, M. N., Kitaz, M. N., Rhayim, R., Ismail, M., Swed, S., Hafez, W., Kaadan,
M. I., Koumakli, H., Alhisah, N., Al-Haider, A., Al-Salloum, S., & Chérrez-Ojeda, I. (2023). Basic life
support awareness among medical undergraduate students in Syria, Iraq, and Jordan: a
multicenter cross-sectional study. International Journal of Emergency
Medicine, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00521-0

https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_14/Iss_1/14160_Taburnal_2020_E_R.pdf

American Red Cross. (2023). Basic life support (BLS) training. Retrieved from
https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/lp/cpr-first-aid-aed-certification-new-hero

Mayo Clinic. (2023). First aid. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid

National Safety Council. (2023). First aid and CPR training. Retrieved from
https://www.nsc.org/safety-training/first-aid

National Institutes of Health. (2023). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Retrieved from

https://ors.od.nih.gov/sr/dohs/safety/Training/Pages/aedlocations.aspx
QUESTIONNAIRE

A. Demographic Information

 Name:
 Age:
 Sex:
 Educational attainment:
 Number of years as a BHW:

B. Level of Awareness of Barangay Health Workers about Basic Life Support and First Aid

1. Have you ever received training on basic life support and first aid?
o Yes
o No
2. If yes, how long ago did you receive the training?
o Within the past year
o 1-2 years ago
o 2-5 years ago
o More than 5 years ago
3. Please indicate how familiar you are with the following basic life support and first aid
skills:

Skill Very Somewhat Not familiar at

familiar familiar all

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

AED (automated external defibrillator)

use

Heimlich maneuver
 First aid for bleeding

First aid for choking

First aid for burns

First aid for fractures

4. Please indicate how confident you are in your ability to perform the following basic life
support and first aid skills:

Skill Very Somewhat Not confident at

confident confident all

CPR (cardiopulmonary
resuscitation)

AED (automated external

defibrillator) use

Heimlich maneuver

First aid for bleeding

First aid for choking

First aid for burns

First aid for fractures

5. Please indicate how often you use the following basic life support and first aid skills in
your work:
Skill Very often Sometimes Rarely or never

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

AED (automated external defibrillator) use

Heimlich maneuver

First aid for bleeding

First aid for choking

First aid for burns

First aid for fractures