Monitoring and Analysis Using

Pressure

Gordon Kappelhoff
 The “Traditional” Way…..
•Fluid Shots to determine fluid level and calculate bottom hole
pressures

•ESP under-load and over-load settings

•Shut down production for Static logs

•Basic down hole pressure readings

When we think of monitoring ESP’s, we often talk
about overload or underload – what are we really
talking about?

Sensitive Insensitive
Broken shaft Watercut
Stuck Pump Flowrate
Gas Pump performance
Shut in (zero flow) THP
Voltage change Reservoir Pressure
& Productivity Index
Amps insensitive…..
• Amps constant and THP dropping…what’s happening?
Pressure shows more…..now what is happening?
Two pressures even better…..
• Increasing watercut

50% 90%

Pi const Pd
Pwf
6 JMD
22/04/2013
What pressures tell us…..
Controlled by Used to validate

Pd THP, Fluid density, Friction (Flowrate Watercut

dependent)

Pi Pd, Pump performance, Flowrate,

Reservoir pressure, Well productivity, Pr and or PI
Fluid density

Pd - Pump flowrate vs head curve Pump Wear

Pi Flowrate

Recirculation
Modelling can …..
• Provide preliminary indication that says:
0 2,500
Head (50 Hz)
Measured data
Head (60 Hz)
200 Res. pressure Head (70 Hz)
Head w/corr. factors
2,000
400 Head at op. freq.
Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (m TVD)

600

Total head (m)

1,500
800

1,000
1,000

1,200

1,400 500

1,600 PRES

0
1,800
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
0 50 100 150
Pressure (bara) 3
Average pump flowrate (rm /day)

we have a problem….what is the problem?

Requires analysis skills to say …..
• Pump not providing
correct head (lost
stages or wear)?
• Water cut wrong? 0 2,500
Head (50 Hz)
Measured data
Head (60 Hz)

• THP wrong?
200 Res. pressure Head (70 Hz)
Head w/corr. factors
2,000 Head at op. freq.
400
Range (min/max)
Op. Point

True Vertical Depth (m TVD)

600

• Flowrate measurement

Total head (m)

1,500
800

wrong?
1,000
1,000

1,200

1,400 500

• High viscosity? 1,600 PRES

0
1,800
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
0 50 100 150

• …..which is it? Pressure (bara) 3

Average pump flowrate (rm /day)
Example …..
Advice
• Pay attention to pressure and rate ……
 Monitoring & Control
The Phoenix MultiSensor System
• Intake Pressure
• Discharge Pressure
• Motor Winding Temperature
• Intake Temperature
• Vibration
• Current Leakage

If you had to prioritize these, how

would you rank them?
 What can we do with this data?

• Monitoring
• Trending
• Protection
• Validation & Analysis
• Use the analysis results for optimisation
 Typical Monitoring Data
Time Pi Pd Ti Tm Vib Cl

9:56:34 3029 4414 125.6 133.8 0.23 0.1

9:56:55 3027 4426 125.8 134 0.253 0.102

9:57:16 3026 4410 125.8 134.1 0.249 0.105

9:57:36 3031 4418 125.5 133.8 0.24 0.101

9:57:57 3024 4408 125.8 134 0.231 0.105

9:58:17 3023 4404 125.5 133.8 0.246 0.102

9:58:38 3033 4420 125.8 134.1 0.251 0.099

9:58:58 3029 4410 125.6 134 0.262 0.096

 PRESSURE (PSI)

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
03/11/1996 15:50
03/11/1996 16:16

03/11/1996 16:42

40 Hz
40 Hz
03/11/1996 17:09

Start up 1
Start up 2
03/11/1996 17:35
03/11/1996 18:01
40 Hz

03/11/1996 18:27
03/11/1996 19:23
Start up 4

40 Hz
03/11/1996 20:13

Intake Pressure
Start up 3
03/11/1996 20:40

03/11/1996 21:06
46 Hz

03/11/1996 21:32
48 Hz

03/11/1996 21:58
03/11/1996 22:24
03/11/1996 22:51
Choke 18%

03/11/1996 23:17
03/11/1996 23:43
50 Hz 14%choke

04/11/1996 00:09
04/11/1996 00:36
50 hz choke 40%

Shutdown
Choke 20%

04/11/1996 01:02

Discharge Pressure
04/11/1996 01:28

04/11/1996 01:54
04/11/1996 02:21
40 Hz
Data Trending

04/11/1996 02:47
Start up 5

04/11/1996 03:13
Choke gradually
increased to 40%

04/11/1996 03:39

04/11/1996 04:05
04/11/1996 04:32

04/11/1996 04:58
Motor Temp

04/11/1996 05:24
Choke 20%
Frequency increased
to 50 HZ,choke to 25%

04/11/1996 05:50
04/11/1996 06:17
reduced to 15%
Choke gradually

04/11/1996 06:43
04/11/1996 07:09
choke 27%

04/11/1996 07:35
Intake Temp
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230

TEMPERATURE (F)
 ESP Diagnosis
Exercise.
Draw
i) Gradient plot
ii) Pump curve
iii) Trend over time of P Discharge & P intake
iv) Amp Chart

for the following cases

1. Well head valve closed – pump continues to operate
2. Frequency change 50 –60 hz
3. Broken Shaft Between Pump and Protector
4. Pump wear
5. Hole in Tubing
 Phoenix ESP Monitoring & Protection
MOTOR COOLING & PUMP OFF PROTECTION

280 2
270
260
250 1.8
240
230
1.6
220
210
200

Vibration g & Current Leakage mA

1.4
Pressure Bar & Temperature C

190
180
170 1.2
160
150
140 1
130
120
110 0.8
100
90
0.6
80
70
60
0.4
50
40
30 0.2
20
10
0 0
12/12/1998 09:36 12/12/1998 14:24 12/12/1998 19:12 13/12/1998 00:00 13/12/1998 04:48 13/12/1998 09:36 13/12/1998 14:24 13/12/1998 19:12 14/12/1998 00:00
Time

Pi(Bar) Pd(Bar) Ti(C) Tm(C) Vibration(g) Cl passive(mA)

 Monitoring and Protection

260 3.0
250
240
230
220
2.5
210
200

Vibration g & Current Leakage mA

190
Pressure Bar & Temperature C

180
170 2.0
160
150
140
130
1.5
120
110
100
90
80 1.0
70
60
50
40
0.5
30
20
10
0
-10 0.0
22-Dec-98 22-Dec-98 23-Dec-98 23-Dec-98 24-Dec-98 24-Dec-98 25-Dec-98 25-Dec-98 26-Dec-98 26-Dec-98
Time

Pi(Bar) Pd(Bar) Ti(C) Tm(C) Vibration(g) Cl passive(mA)

 Monitoring and protection

160 120

140
100

120

Temperature (C), Vibration (g*10)

80
100
Pressure (Bar)

80 60

60
40

40

20
20

0 0
10/7/00 00:00:00 10/7/00 04:48:00 10/7/00 09:36:00 10/7/00 14:24:00 10/7/00 19:12:00 11/7/00 00:00:00 11/7/00 04:48:00 11/7/00 09:36:00
Date and Time

Pi(psi) Pd(psi) Cl passive(mA) Cl active(mA) Ti(C) Tm(C) Vibration(g*100)

 Phoenix Monitoring & Protection Log
NO MOTOR TEMPERATURE PROTECTION

200 5

180 4.5

160 4

140 3.5

Vibration,Current Leakage
Pressure, Temperature

120 3

100 2.5

80 2

60 1.5

40 1

20 0.5

0 0
10/12/99 11/12/99 12/12/99 13/12/99 14/12/99 15/12/99 16/12/99 17/12/99 18/12/99 19/12/99 20/12/99
00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

21 JMD Time

22/04/2013 Pi (BAR) Ti (C) Tm (C) Vib (g) Cl-p (mA)

Discharge Pressure
 Monitoring and Protection

100 3

90
2.5

Temperature, Vibration,Current Leakage

80
2

70
Pressure

1.5

60

1
50

0.5
40

30 0
01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999
14:24 14:38 14:52 15:07 15:21 15:36 15:50 16:04 16:19 16:33 16:48
Time

Pi(bar) Ti(C) Tm(C) Vibration(g) Cl passive(mA)

 Monitoring and Protection

250 3

2.5

Temperature, Vibration,Current Leakage

200

150
Pressure

1.5

100

50
0.5

0 0
01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999 01/12/1999
14:24 14:38 14:52 15:07 15:21 15:36 15:50 16:04 16:19 16:33 16:48
Time

Pi(bar) Ti(C) Tm(C) Pd(bar) Vibration(g) Cl passive(mA)

 MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

2000 80
Pressure

1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Tm( c )

 MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

2000 80

Temperature
Pressure

1500 60
MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

1000 3000 120 40

2500 100

perature
2000 80
500 20
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001
500 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
20 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001
Time & Date
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
0
29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date
WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )
WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )
 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

 0 8,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)

WCut 1,000
Measured data
Res. pressure 7,000
Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Flow
Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
2,000 6,000 Range (min/max)
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

3,000 5,000

Total head (feet)

4,000 4,000

5,000 3,000

6,000 2,000

7,000 1,000
PRE S

8,000 0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Pre s s ure (ps ig) Ave rage pum p flow rate (rb/day)

MultiSensor Monitoring

3500 140

3000 120

2500 100

perature
2000 80
Pressure

Tem
1500 60

1000 40

500 20

0 0
28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 28/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001 29/08/2001
07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12
Time & Date

WHP(psi) PI (Psi) Pd(psi) Tm( c )

ESP Optimisation
 Process of validation with measured downhole data.
 Increased production through advanced diagnosis.
• More efficient operating point, better use of power resources.
• Better understanding of well performance for subsequent pump design
0 3,000
From inf low Head (50 Hz)
Measured data Head (60 Hz)
500 Res. pressure Head (70 Hz)
2,500 Head (w / CFs)
Head at op. f req.
Range (min/max)
1,000
Op. Point
True Vertical Depth (ft TVD)

2,000

Total head (feet)

1,500

1,500
2,000

1,000
2,500

500
3,000
PRE S

3,500 0
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
Pr e s s ur e (ps ig) Ave r age pum p flow r ate (r b/day)
 Proactive Analysis Example
Proactive Analysis Critical Delta P
1700
required to 40
1650
produce flow for
motor cooling35
1600

30

1550
Pump Delta Pressure (psia)

25
1500
Estimated

Vibration (g)
1450
Point of 20
failure
1400
15

1350

10

1300

5
1250

1200 0
0.25 125.25 250.25 375.25 500.25 625.25 750.25 875.25 1000.25 1125.25 1250.25 1375.25
Time

deltaP(psi) Vibration (g)

 Pressure Protection
• Intake Pressure
– Low Trip – protect against Pump Off
• Low Fluid Level
• Gas Breakout
• Discharge Pressure
– High Trip – protect against Shut In
• Closed Valves
• Heavy Fluid Slugs
• Delta Pressure
– Low / High Trip – Upthrust / Downthrust
• High Flow Conditions
• Low Flow Conditions
 Temperature Protection
• Intake Temperature
– High Trip – protect excessive Intake Temp
• Recirculation

• Motor Winding Temperature

– High Trip – protect excessive Motor Temp
• Low Flow
• High Load
• Anything that will cause the motor to heat
 Vibration & Current Leakage
• Vibration
– High Alarm – Submersible Pump Mechanical Damage
• High Solids Production
• Warning of Mechanical Wear
• Resonance ‘Frequency Fine Tuning’

• Current Leakage
– High Alarm – Electrical System Deterioration
• High Pump Heat (MLE)
• Resistance Breakdown
• Phase to Ground Warning
Getting it Wrong
… and avoidable!
 Process of diagnosis
Wellhead

1. ABOVE THE PUMP

Pdischarge = WHP + Pgravity + Pfriction

Depth
1. ACROSS THE PUMP
Pintake = Pdischarge - Ppump
Pump
1. BELOW THE PUMP
Pwf = Pintake + Pgravity + Pfriction
Perforations Pwf = Pr – (Q / PI)

Pressure