Question 1: Difference between Speed and Velocity

Speed and velocity are both terms used to describe the motion of an object, but they have
distinct meanings:

- Speed: Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is moving. It is the rate
of change of distance with respect to time. Speed does not take into account the direction of
motion. The formula for calculating speed is:

Speed (S) = Distance (D) / Time (T)

- Velocity: Velocity is a vector quantity that describes both the speed and the direction of
motion. It is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time. Velocity includes
information about the magnitude (speed) and the direction of motion. The formula for
calculating velocity is:

Velocity (V) = Displacement (Δx) / Time (T)

Question 2: Walking Distance and Average Speed

a. Total distance traveled in one school week (Monday-Friday):

Since you walk from home to school and back each day, the total distance traveled in one
day is 150m + 150m = 300m. In a school week (5 days), the total distance would be 5 x
300m = 1500m.

b. Average speed:
Average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken.
If it takes you 5 minutes (0.0833 hours) to walk to school, your average speed would be:

Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time

= 300m / 0.0833h
≈ 3600 m/h

To convert this to m/s, divide by 3600 (since 1 hour = 3600 seconds):

Average Speed = 3600 m/h / 3600

≈ 1 m/s

Question 3: Train Calculations

a. Average speed of a train that has traveled 500km in 5 hours:

Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time
= 500 km / 5 h
= 100 km/h

b. Distance traveled by a train in 3.5 hours at a speed of 70 km/h:

Distance = Speed × Time
= 70 km/h × 3.5 h
 = 245 km

Question 4: Velocity Statement

The statement "I am driving at a velocity of 100 km/hr" is incorrect because it does not
specify the direction of motion. Velocity is a vector quantity that requires both magnitude
(speed) and direction. Without mentioning the direction, the statement only gives information
about the speed of motion, not the full velocity.

Question 5: Average Velocity of Beetle

Average velocity is calculated by dividing the displacement by the time taken. Given that the
beetle travels southwest across a 2m driveway in 6.5 minutes (0.1083 hours):

Average Velocity = Displacement / Time

= 2 m / 0.1083 h
≈ 18.46 m/h

To convert this to m/s, divide by 3600 (since 1 hour = 3600 seconds):

Average Velocity = 18.46 m/h / 3600

≈ 0.00513 m/s

Question 6: Average Velocity of Cyclist

Average Velocity = Displacement / Time

= (5107 m - 152 m) / (30 min x 60 s/min)
≈ 1.771 m/s

Question 7: Training Velocity

Even though you practice for a few hours each week with an average velocity of 0 m/s, this
simply means that your displacement during the training sessions is very small. Your starting
and ending points are the same, so even if you move around, your net displacement is
almost zero. This doesn't mean you aren't moving during practice; it means your overall
change in position is very little. Therefore, your average velocity is close to zero, indicating a
small change in position over the training duration.
Question 8: Average Speed and Comparison

a. Malakai vs Josefs route

To calculate the average speed of each boy, I’ll use the formula:

Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time

Given the distances: A to B = 4m, B to C = 4m, and C to A = 5.7m, and the fact that both
boys arrive exactly 30 seconds after leaving Point A:

1. Malakai's route: A → B → C
Total Distance = 4m + 4m = 8m
Total Time = 30 seconds = 0.5 minutes

Average Speed (Malakai) = Total Distance / Total Time

= 8m / 0.5 min
= 16 m/min

2. Josef's route: A → C
Total Distance = 5.7m
Total Time = 30 seconds = 0.5 minutes

Average Speed (Josef) = Total Distance / Total Time

= 5.7m / 0.5 min
= 11.4 m/min

Comparing the average speeds, we see that Malakai was traveling faster at 16 m/min, while
Josef was traveling at 11.4 m/min.

b. Velocity and Explanation

Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both magnitude (speed) and direction. In this case,
since both boys arrive at the same destination (Point C) within the same time frame, their
displacements are the same: 5.7m. The direction of their displacements is from Point A to
Point C.

While their speeds are different (16 m/min for Malakai and 11.4 m/min for Josef), their
velocities are the same because they have the same displacement (5.7m) and the same
direction (from A to C). Velocity takes into account both the speed and the direction of
motion, and since their displacements and directions are identical, their velocities are the
same despite the differences in their speeds.