CONTEMPORARY ARTS Color Schemes

a. Monochromatic
ART AND ITS VISUAL ELEMENTS
1. Line
- This refers to a prolongation of a point, or a
mark o a surface.
- Solid lines can be used in order to define
form while broken lines are typically used to
suggest hidden forms.
2. Shape and Mass
- This element refers to an area with
boundaries identified or drawn using lines.
- A shape may be based on natural or living
forms. This shape is called an organic shape,
and can be irregular or rounded.
3. Color
- This refers to visual perception that allows a
person to different objects due to the way
various wavelengths of light are reflected.
- It is very important element because it can
communicate information and emotion to the
viewer.
Three properties of color:
1. Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color
and is represented in the color wheel
2. Value, which refers to the lightness and
darkness of color.
3. Saturation, which refers to brightness and
dullness of color. It is also referred to as the
purity of the color.
b. Analogous
c. Complementary
d. Split-complementary
e. Triadic
f. Tetradic
a. Monochromatic
- This color scheme involves using the same
hue but with different gradients of value.
b. Analogous
- The analogous color scheme entails the use
of three or four adjacent colors in the color
wheel.
c. Complementary
- The complementary color scheme involves
the use of a color and its complement–
meaning the color located opposite of the first
color.
d. Split-complementary
- This color scheme is a close relative to the
complementary color scheme. But instead of
using the color’s complement, this scheme
uses the two colors adjacent to the
complement.
e. Triadic
- This color scheme uses three colors that are
of equal distance with each other.
f. Tetradic
- Also known as double complementary color
scheme, this uses two pairs of complementary
colors
4. Value
- This element refers to the lightness ad
darkness of an area.
- This element is evident in creating shadows
for a two-dimensional object to give an illusion
of depth.
5. Texture
- This refers to the feel or appearance of a
surface. It may be describe if the surface is
either smooth or rough.
6. Space
- It refers to the area that is occupied by an
object or a subject, as well as the area
surrounding that object or subject.
7. Time and Motion
- Movement in the visual arts can either be an
illusion or an actual motion.
Various Contemporary Art Form
1. PRACTICAL ( Utilitarian) ART
 This art is intended for practical for
practical use or utility.
 It is the changing of raw materials for
utilitarian purposes.
 However, they must possess ornaments or
artistic qualities to make them useful and
beautiful.
2. INDUSTRIAL ARTS.
 It is the changing of raw materials into
some significant products for human are
shell craft, bamboo crafts, leather craft,
pottery making, sheet – metal work and
manufacture of automobiles, home
appliances and televisions set.
3. APPLIED / HOUSEHOLD ART.
 It refers mostly to household arts such as
flower arrangement, interior decoration,
dress making, home – making,
embroidery, cooking and others
4. CIVIC ART.
 This art includes city or town planning,
maintenance, and beautification of parks.
This refer to beautification to improve the
standards of living.
5. COMMERCIAL ART.
 It involves business propaganda in the
form of advertisements in newspapers and
magazines, sign painting, billboard and
announcements, leaflets, displays, poster
designing, movie illustrations and many
more.
6. GRAPHIC ART.
 It is anything printed from raised or
sunken reliefs and plane surfaces.
7. AGRICULTURAL ART.
 (crop production), horticulture (garden or
orchard cultivation), husbandry (raising of
cows, carabaos, poultry and swine) and
farming.
8. FISHERY ART.
 It includes shallow and deep-sea fishing,
fish refrigeration and culture, net weaving.
9. MEDICAL / CLINICAL ART.
 It includes first aid treatments, medical
manufacturing, surgery, medical operation,
rehabilitations and other
PHILIPPINE ART HISTORY
I. Pre-Colonial Arts /Ethnic Arts
- They do not distinguish forms into different
categories like music, theater, visual arts, etc.
- Everyday expressions were all integrated
within rituals that marked significant moments
in a community’s life, like planting, harvesting,
rites passage, funerary,ceremonies, weddings,
among others.
- In this simple activity alone evolved ritual,
music, dance, theater and yes even literature.
When they told stories about the hunt, this
form of oral story telling marked the
beginnings of the literature.
- When they imitated movements of the
animals they hunted, this marked the early
beginnings of theater or play acting.
- When they learned to add drum beating and
attach rhythm to their movements, they have
given birth to music and dance.
- The country’s indigenous cultures
through the existence of ethnic musical
instruments:
 pipes
 Flutes
 Zithers
 Drums
The following are the native dance forms
imitated from the movements of the
animals:
A. Pangalay dance (Sulu) is mimetic of the
movements of the sea birds
B. . Mandaya’ Kinabua, Banog – banog
(Higaonon & B’laan), and ma- manok
(Bagobos in Mindanao is imitated the
movements of predatory birds
C. Talip dance (Ifugao) that is used for
courtship is mimetic of the movements of
wild fowls.
D. Inamo dance (Matigsalugs) and
Kadaliwas dance (T’Boli) represent the
comedic movement of the monkey
E. Tinikling dance evocative of the
movements of the crane, balancing itself
on stilt – like legs or flirting away from the
clutches of bamboo traps.
Famous artworks during pre – colonial
1. Carving
 Bulul (Cordillera) a granary God that plays
an important role in rituals
 Hagabi (Ifugao) a wooden bench
 Santos / sculptures of saints (Laguna and
Pampanga)
 Okir (Tausug / Samal / Badjao) mythical
sarimanok, the naga or serpent.
 Manunggul Jar discovered at Manunggul
cave of Palawan
The Ifugao's Rice God or Guardian Spirit
- It also signifies fertility and is sometimes
believed to house the spirits of ancestors
The Manunggul Jar
- is a secondary burial jar excavated from
a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul cave of
the Tabon Caves at Lipuun
- Point in Palawan, Philippines.
- It dates from 890–710 B.C.
- the two prominent figures at the top handle
of its cover represent the journey of the soul
to the afterlife.
2. Weaving
A. Textile weaving
a. Pis siyabit (Tausug of Sulu) a headpiece
woven
b. Malong (Maranao of Lanao del Sur)
B. Mat and basket weaving
a. Tepo mat (Sama of Tawi-Tawi) a double
layered made of Pandan leaves.
b. Ovaloid basket (Itbayat, Batanes) a head
sling made of nito or bamboo used to carry the
harvests.
c. Bubo (Ilocos region) a sturdy bamboo strips
used to trap the fish.
3. Ornamentation - representations of
various ethnolinguistic groups.
a. Wearing gold jewelry (upper class
Tagalog)
b. Tattooing (Visayan) it is believed to
protect the individual from evil spirits, it is also
a sign of bravery and maturity.
 During pre-colonial and early Spanish
colonial periods, tattoos were interpreted
as more than just a body decoration.
 Depending on the region, tattoos were
seen as :
- a sign of bravery,
- a symbol of social standing, and
- a rite of passage.
 Visayan warriors who were covered with
tattoos were called Pintados
Follow these rules while wearing gold to
attract wealth!
 Benefits of wearing gold
1. Spiritual powers of natural gemstones
are well known.
- There are many people from different caste
and cultures who put on gold or any other
stone on daily basis for sake happiness, luck,
love and spiritual peace.
2. The main benefits of wearing gold
jewelry includes:
- prevention of black energy in body,
- insertion of divine consciousness in body,
- spiritual healing and
- protection from negative energies.
3. From many years Gold has been
accompanying man as an ornament,
money or social status symbol.
- But do you know more than status symbol,
Gold has spiritual powers that can bring
happiness, peace and stability to anybody
when wear it correctly.
4. The sacred power of gold has already
established in ancient China, Persia and
India.
- Gold opens crown chakra and is also known
to help out someone who wears it.
- Gold has protective properties and removes
all evil from your body.
5. Gold is recognized since primitive
times to
- symbolize wealth and luck as well as
strengthen confidence.
6. By putting on gold ring on your ring
finger, you can attract divine
consciousness.
- The divine Energy is activated as well as
emitted from gold ring. Thus it eliminates
some obstacles in the form of the black
energy.
7. Rules while wearing gold
- To bring spiritual benefits, women must wear
this ring on left hand and men must wear this
ring on right hand.
8. Gold is a very important metal which is
found on Earth.
- It denotes prosperity and royalty. In
astrology gold is related to every planet but it
mainly relates with Jupiter.
9. Generally gold suit everyone but if it
does not suit you, you may face bad luck.
- Gold can attract abundance of luck and
prosperity if one wears it correctly.
10. Gold has power to observe energy
and heat.
- it has the power to reduce the poison. Take a
look at various rules while wearing gold.
- Using this trick and tips will make you
wealthier instantly.
11. If you have cold-cough problem then
you can wear gold on your little finger.
- If you are facing problem relating to name,
fame and status then you should wear gold in
middle finger.
12. If you are not able to concentrate
and easily get distracted then you should
wear gold in index finger.
- By doing so, you will be able to get peace of
mind.
13. Facing rough patches in marriage? Is
there lack of intimacy between you and
your partner?
- If yes, then wear gold in neck in form of
chain or pendant. It will do wonders for you
14. People who have problem if getting
child
- they can wear gold in ring finger.
15. People who have problem of stomach
or obesity they should avoid wearing
gold.
- Angry people should avoid wearing gold. Do
not wear gold if your Jupiter is exalted in your
horoscope
16. People who are doing business of
iron, coal or Shani related stuff avoid
gold.
- Pregnant and old women should avoid
wearing gold
17. It is not good to see money or gold in
dream.
- It indicates skin and face diseases.
- If you see gold in dream then it indicates that
you will get money after struggle.
- If you see ancient gold coins in your dream
then you may face some difficulties when it
comes of career
18. Do not wear gold below the waist.
- You may get bad luck and lose prosperity if
you do so.
- Gold is considered as symbol of Goddess
Lakshmi and so wearing it waist down is like
showing disrespect to her.
19. Wear gold in left hand if it necessary.
- Always gift gold to near and dear ones. Avoid
wearing gold as anklet or in form on feet.
- Do not wear gold on waist. Children can wear
gold in red thread.
20. If is believed that one should not eat
non veg food or consume alcohol while
wearing gold.
- It brings bad luck
21. Usually, people keep gold in their
lockers.
- Always keep your gold in red colour paper or
clothe. Keep gold in east or southwest side.
22. Do not keep gold near head.
- You may face sleep disorder. Do not wear
iron or mix metal along with gold
23. Gold is very auspicious for Aries,
Cancer, Leo and Sagittarius lagan.
- It gives mixed results for Scorpio and Pisces.
- It might create problem for Taurus, Gemini,
Virgo and Aquarius.
- Libra and Capricorn lagan people should
avoid wearing gold
II. ISLAMIC ERA (13TH Century to the
Present)
- Islamic is characterized by geometric
designs and pattern selecting focus from the
believers.
- Even before the coming of Spanish
colonizers, Islam was already well entrenched
in Southern Philippines.
- Filipino Muslims recognize that they belong to
an ummah or a community of believers.
- Central to the Islamic faith is the doctrine of
or unity of God. This belief emphasizes the
impermanence of nature and the
incomprehensible greatness of the Divine
Being.
- In Islamic art we can observe how artist are
influenced by the notion of the Tawhid, we will
find that the interior of mosques are covered
with elaborate patterning in the form of reliefs
to draw the attention away from the concrete
object, in other words away from human forms
and nature” toward the contemplation of the
divine”
Happenings during Islamic era:
1. Sultanate of Sulu was established Sayyid
Abbubakar
2. Qura or holy text was introduced
3. Building of religious school called Madrasah
4. Natives from Yakans , Basilan and
Zamboanga were converted to Islam
5. Islamazation process In Mindanao became
strong.
6. Islam became the religion and as a way of
life of people in Mindanao (Tausug,Maranao,
Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao).
Sharif ul-Hashim
 was the regal name of Sharif Abubakar
Abirin Al-Hashmi.
 He was an Arab-Muslim explorer and the
founder of the Sultanate of Sulu.
 He assumed the political and spiritual
leadership of the realm,
 was given the title Sultan, and was also
the first Sultan of Sulu.
III. SPANISH ERA(1521 – 1898)
- Art became a hand maiden of religion,
serving to propagate the Catholic faith and
thus support the colonial order at the same
time.
- Religious orders were dispatched to convert
the natives to Catholicism as part of the larger
project culturally as religious art, lowland
Christian art or folk art.
- During this period, cruciform churches
following the shape of the latin cross were
built.
- In keeping with the prevailing, they were
characterized by grandeur, drama, and
elaborate details that purposely appealed to
the emotions.
- The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the
construction of thick buttresses or wing like
projections reinforce the church structure to
make it more resistant to earthquake.
- In other words, the result is a fusion of both
native and European elements, prompting
some art historians to refer to the style as
colonial baroque or Philippine or tropical
baroque
Important Happenings related to art
during Spanish era
 Chinese artisans were engaged in making
icons or saints made in wood or ivory
 Colonial churches were built
 Western musical instruments were
introduced, pipe organ, violin, guitar,and
piano
 Catholic liturgical music was introduced in
1742
 Choral music to boys were introduced and
created the first Filipino composers named
Marcelo Adonay (1848 – 1928)
 Musical form based on Catholic faith have
emerge in the Pasyon – the biblical of
Christ’s passion chanted in an improvise
melody.
 Secular music was formed; the awit and
the corridor – these were the two musical
forms based on European literature and
history.
 Kundiman became a vehicle for
conflict – the lyrics were that of
unrequited love, except that the love
object was the Philippines who would be
cleverly concealed as beautiful woman.
 Mangyans made the baybayin script
made of bamboo poles cut into smaller
nodes that are carved used to composed
short poems, expressing one’s feelings and
other emotional concers.Pomp and
pageantry of religious processions were
introduced.
 Zarzuela was introduced, it was an opera
which features singing and dancing with
prosed dialogue which allowed the story to
be carried out in a song.
 Severino Reyes and Hermogenes
Ilagan were awarded as the most
distinguished playwrights as they wrote
zarzuela in Tagalog
 Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama awarded
as the most celebrated leading actress.
 The first Senakulo was written in 1704
by Gaspar Aquino de Belen
 Komedya were also introduced; komedya
de santo (it centers on life of Christ ) and
Secular Komedya.
 Folk dances such as carinosa, pandango,
polka , dansa and rigodon, habanera, and
tango were introduced.
 Visual arts, and paintings must be
visual interpretation of biblical texts
center to Catholic devotion ex. Heaven
Earth and Hell by Jose Dans( 1850)
 Reprographic art of printmaking was
introduced, Doctrina Christiana is an
example, the first printed book in the
Philippines compiling song lyrics,
commandments, sacraments and other
catechetical material.
 Juan Luna ( Spolarium) won gold
medals and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo
(Virgenes christianas expuestas al
populacho) won silver medals
Famous Artists and their artworks during
Spanish era:
 Visual Arts:
1. Damian Domingo – water color albums of
tipos
2. Juan Luna – Spoliarium, Espana y Filipinas
3. Felix Resurrection Hidalgo – Virgenes
christianas expuestas al populacho
4. Lorenzo Guerrero - The Water Carrier
5. Simon Flores – Portrait of the Quiazon
Family
6. Jose Dans – Heaven , Earth , Hell
7. Esteban Villanueva - Basi Revolt
 MINIATURE PAINTERS:
1. Antonio Malantic
2. Isidro Arceo
3. Dionesio de Castro
4. Justiniano Assuncion

 ENGRAVER
1. Francisco Suarez
2. Nicolas Engraver
3. Laureano Atlas
4. Felipe Sevilla
 Musician – Composer
1. Marcelo Adonay
 Theater artist:
1. Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama
 Writers:
1. Severino Reyes - Zarzuela
2. Hermogenes Ilagan – Zarzuela
3. Gaspar Aquino de Belen - Senakulo
IV. AMERICAN ERA
(1898 – 1940) to the Post war
Republic (1946 –1969)
- In the American regime, commercial and
advertising arts were integrated into fine arts
curriculum.
- Moreover, Americans favored idyllic sceneries
and secular forms of arts.
- Because the lingua franca of this period was
English, poems and stories from books were
dramatize in classroom, to facilitate the
teaching of the English language.
- In less than decade, Filipino playwrights
began to write plays in English.
- In the beginning of the 20th century, new
urban pattern that responded to the secular
goals of education, health and governance was
imposed.
- The new patrons of the arts included the
Americans who engaged in governance and
education, business and tourism.
- The demand for artists who could do
illustrations in textbooks or graphic design to
product labels thus emerged
- The inclination towards genre, still life and
portrait paintings persisted.
- Landscapes on the other hand, became
cherished as travel souvenirs, especially those
that captured the exotic qualities of Philippine
terrain.
- In 1909, a year after the establishment of the
University of the Philippines, its School of Fine
Arts was opened. It also offered a course on
commercial design to fulfill the aforementioned
demand.
- For some time, the academic ( a
term referring to the kind of art was influenced
by European academies) tradition of painting
and sculpture in the manner of Amorsolo and
Tolentino prevailed in the art scene.
Famous Artist during American era:
 These 3 artists emphasized their works a
deep profound yearning for freedom:
1. Juan Abad – Tanikalang Ginto (Golden
Chain) (1902)
2. Juan Matapang Cruz – Hindi ako Patay
( Iam Not Dead) 1903
3. Aurelio Tolentino – Kahapon , Ngayon at
Bukas (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow )
4. Lino Castillejo (author) – A Modern
Filipina First Filipino writer
5. Jesus Araullo (author) – A Modern
Filipina English
6. Daniel Burnham (architect) - He design
Manila and Baguio
7. William Parsons – implanted Burnham
Plan – an urban designed employed Neoclassic
architecture.
8. Thomas Mapua
9. Andres Luna de San Pedro Filipino
architects who designed buildings
10. Antonio Toledo during the period
11. Fabian dela Rosa (naturalists Painter)
– Planting Rice (1921)
- El Kundiman( 1930)
12. Fernando Amorsolo
 romantic painter – Dalagang Filipina, idyllic
landscapes, historical paintings
 graphic artist –The Philippine Readers
(book) The Independent( newspaper)
 logo designer - Ginebra San Miguel.

13. Guillermo Tolentino (sculpture ) –

Oblation ( 1935) UP Oblation ( 1958 )Bonifacio
Monument ( 1933).