Lesson #2

THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

AND THE VARIOUS ART
FORMS FOUND IN THE
PHILIPPINES
WHAT IS IT

Principles of Design
- Design is the overall structure of an art
form.
- It is the means by which artist indicate
and demonstrate the ideas and feelings
they wish to convey.
Here are some principles of design found in the
arts
1.) Harmony
• This refers to the wholeness of the design,
the pleasing arrangement of parts, and the
agreement between parts of a composition,
resulting in a united whole.
Example:
2.) Variety
• It pertains to the assortment or diversity of a
work of art.
Examples:
3.) Rhythm
• It is the regular, repeated pattern in the
elements of art. It is a flow, or feeling of
movement, achieved by the distribution of visual
units in time.
EXAMPLE:
4.) Proportion
• Elements in a work of art should have a relationship
with one another. This relationship is called proportion.
Proportion refers to the dimensions of a composition and
relationships between height, width and depth.
5.) Balance
• Pertains to the even distribution of weight. It is the
principle that deals with equality. Balance is the
distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors,
texture, and space.
EXAMPLE:
6.) Movement
• This is a fundamental principle in
choreography and the theatre arts. Balance is the
distribution of the visual weight of objects,
colors, texture, and space.
VARIOUS ART FORMS
FOUND IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Pre-Colonial Art

- Through migration and trade during Pre-

Colonial Period, there was a lively cultural
interchange between the Philippines and other
Asian countries. This helped Philippines to
develop their own way of living, their own
culture such as pottery, weaving, wood carving,
jewelry, etc. That they could use for their
everyday living.
I. PAINTINGS

- Painting refers to the process of

applying color on a flat surface. Forms
can be created using a wide variety of
materials such as watercolor, acrylic,
ink, oil, pastel, and charcoal. Surfaces
for painting include wood, canvas,
cardboard, and paper.
Forms of Painting:
 Easel Painting - The easel painting is perhaps
the most common form of painting which
involves applying color to a board or canvas that
is fixed on an upright support called an easel.
 Murals - A mural is described as a huge wall-
sized painting used to impart messages to the
public. Mural which is a portable mural, was
developed in order to prevent the mural from
being erased from the wall which was created by
using bold strokes in applying bright colors on
pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.
 Telon Painting - A telon is describes as a
backdrop or background for the stage which are
used for komedya, sarswela, and sinakulo, the
popular forms of theater in the country.
 Jeepney and Calesa Painting - The calesa is
typically painted using one color. The borders of
the calesa are decorated with geometric patterns,
repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines.
 Collage - This refers to a form of painting that
involves combine images in a single artwork.
This entails cutting and pasting materials such as
paper, fabric, tin foil and other relatively flat
materials onto a board or canvas.
II. DANCE
- Refers to the movement of the body in a
rhythmic way, usually to music and within a
given space, for the purpose of expressing
an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or
simply taking delight in the movement itself
Types of Filipino Dance Types of Filipino Dance
a. Banga
➢ Illustrates the grace and strength of women in the
Kalinga tribe of Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR).
Women performing the Banga balance heavy pots on
their heads while dancing to beat of wind chimes.
b. Lumagen or Tachok
➢ It is performed to celebrate happy
occasions. When Lumagen is performed, it is
meant to symbolize flying birds and is musically
paired to the beat of gongs
c. Salisid
➢ It is the dance to show courtship. In the
Salisid dance, a male and a female performer
represent a rooster attempting to attract a hen.
d. Malakas at Maganda
➢ It is a national folklore dance. It tells the
story of the origin of the Filipino people on the
islands.
e. Binaylan
➢ The Binaylan dance, tells the story of a hen, the
hen's baby, and a hawk. In this dance, the hawk is said to
control a tribe's well-being, and is killed by hunters after
attempting to harm the hen's baby.
f. Tinikling
➢ Take two long bamboo sticks rapidly and in
rhythm, clap sticks for dancers to artistically and
daringly try to avoid getting their feet caught
between them.
g. Singkil
➢ In this dance, there are four bamboo sticks
arranged in a tictac-toe pattern in which the
dancers exploit every position of these clashing
sticks. It is identifiable with the use of umbrellas
and silk clothing.
h. Pangalay

➢ It is a traditional Tausug dance, from Jolo

and Tawi-Tawi, characterized by elaborate body
postures and gestures and the graceful arm and
hand movement of the dancer, amplified by the
use of janggay or metal claws. The dance is
performed to the music of the kulintangan,
gandang, agong and gabang. Commonly referred
to as the fingernail dance, Pangalay is usually
performed during weddings and other festive
celebrations.
EXAMPLE
III. WEAVING
- Weaving is a method of textile
production in which two distinct sets of
yarns or threads are interlaced at right
angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other
methods are knitting, crocheting,
felting, and braiding or plaiting.
Weaving Method:
1. Textile Weaving
- This refers to the process of creating cloth by
interweaving a series of parallel vertical threads
with another series of horizontal threads at right
angles.
EXAMPLE:
2. Mat Weaving
- This refers to the art of “plaiting strips of
organic fibers into mats”. These mats, locally
known as banig, are cool, light, and portable
compared to fixed beds.
EXAMPLE:
3. Basketry
- This refers to the art of creating containers by
weaving, plaiting, or braiding materials into
hollow three dimensional shapes that can either
be used for carrying, storage and trapping
animals.
EXAMPLE:
4. Kalakat Weaving
- The process used on the oil palm fronds into
finished product is thru pruning the green stalk,
then splitting and cleaning the fronds, drying,
weaving and cutting or trimming the edges.
EXAMPLE:
Assignment:
Direction: Analyze the picture below. Fill in the table on the right
column as to how principles of design are being used in one of
the forms of art, the weaving. Explain your thoughts briefly.