THE EFFECT OF MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING ON THE FABM SUBJECT OF

THE SHS LEARNERS OF PALANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the Requirement

for Inquiry Investigation and Immersion

Palanan National High School

Palanan, Isabela

Hurvy Catlyn F. Cauilan

Maria Theresa D. Cajepe

Hana May M. Ramos

Reasionel M. Cuntapay

Joe C. Mando

Kenneth Gonzalo A. Garcia

Reamae Sagundi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The spread of Covid-19 has brought a rapid change in the country not only in its economic
stability but also in the education system. Schools have been promptly locked for personal
engagement, transactions and students curricular activities following the order of President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte, to suspend “face-to face” classes in adherence to the advisory of
Department of Health that Philippines. With that, the Department of Education then had to
shift and craft realistic learning platform without compromising its objective to deliver a
continuous and quality learning among its students and yet promoting health awareness.

Despite the pandemic, the Secretary of Education, Leonor Magtolis Briones, reiterated that
the DepEd maintains its commitment to provide quality education to all Filipinos and makes
education accessible to all Malipot (2020). Due to the health threat of the pandemic, the
DepEd decided to bring education to the comfort of their homes as they continuously
developed different learning modalities to ensure that education is accessible to all and to
ensure the continuity of education. The sudden transition from the traditional to new normal
in the teaching and learning process, three learning modalities were offered by the DepEd for
the school year 2020-2021, blended, distance and homeschooling learning modalities.

Based on the Learner Enrollment and Survey Forms, it reveals that the alternative learning
modalities offered by the DepEd, 7.2 million students enrollees (highest rate) preferred to use
“modular” distance learning Malipot (2020).

According to Mark Antony Llego (2020), modular distance learning is learners‟ learning at
their own pace, in their own way and using self-learning modules (SLMs). It can be
printed/digitized format/electronic copy that is appropriate to learners, and other learning
resources like learners‟ materials, textbook, activity sheets, study guides and other learning
materials.

A module is a set of learning opportunities organized around a well-defined topic which

contains the elements of ordinate dictation, categorical objectives, edifying cognition
activities, and evaluation utilizing criterion -referenced measures UNESCO (1988). A
module covers either a single element of subject matter content or a group of content elements
composing a discrete unit of subject matter or area of a deptness. A module has placidly
defined, objectives; preferably in behavioural form (Daries, 1981).

Here in Palanan National High School with the ABM as the field of specialization, the Grade
12 GAS students were using Modular Distance Learning as their alternative learning
modality. With this being said the research want to collect information and data about the
effect of modular distance learning especially to the learnings of their specialized subject
which is FABM. Furthermore, it will seek information about the advantages and
disadvantages of this. This study will also show the possible barriers that it may cause and
will also provide ways on how can students avoid or prevent these possible barriers.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to determine the effect of modular distance learning to the
FABM subject of the SHS learners of Palanan national high school.

It seeks to answer the following question:

1. What are the effects of modular distance learning on the FABM subject of the SHS learners
of Palanan National High School?

1.1 What are the advantage of modular distance learning on the FABM subject of the
SHS learners of Palanan National High School?
1.2. What are the disadvantage of modular distance learning on the FABM subject of
the SHS learners of Palanan National High School?

2. How do these effect help them improve their studies?

3. What are the possible barriers on the study of fabm subject as result of having the modular
distance learning?

4. How do students avoid or prevent the possible barriers as a result of having modular
distance learning?

5. How does modular distance learning of FABM subject affects the SHS learners of Palanan
National High School?

Significance of the Study

This study focuses on the effect of modular distances learning on the FABM subject of the
SHS learners of Palanan National High School.

The result of this study will be valuable to the following:

To the students, this will provide them knowledge on the effect of modular distance learning
to the FABM subject, the possible barriers they may experience as a result of the modular
distance learning and ways on how they can avoid or prevent these possible barrier. It will
also help them to clear their minds in terms of coping up with the modular learning. If they
know the advantages and disadvantages of modular distance learning, they will be
knowledgeable and able to ready their self to cope up study of the FABM subject.
To the teachers, the findings of this study will provide them knowledge on how they can
further improve the education of the student especially their specialized subject with the help
of modular distance learning.

To the parents, this study will inform them on the possible barriers on the education of their
children as result of having modular distance learning and the ways that they can use to help
their child to avoid or prevent these possible barriers.

To the future researchers interested in this line of studies, the findings from this research
can serve as a starting points, empirical background and reference documents to continuously
extend information regarding the effect of modular distance learning to the fabm subject of
SHS learners.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will determine the effect of modular distance learning on the fabm subject of the
SHS learners of Palanan National High School. It will be conducted in Palanan National High
School. The respondents in this study will be the grade 12 students during school year 2021-
2022. Also, the other students which do not fall under the category of grade 12 students are
not within the scope of this research.

Conceptual Framework

This study deals with the effects of modular distance learning on the FABM subject of the
SHS learners of Palanan National High School. The variables in this study are, modular
distance learning as the independent variable and FABM subject as the dependent variable.

Research Paradigm

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT VARIABLE

VARIABLE

FABM subject
Effect of modular distance
learning
 FIGURE 1. Research Paradigm

Definition of Terms

Distance Learning.

Modular Distance Learning.

Module. is a unit of work in a course of instruction that is virtually self-contained and a

method of teaching that is based on the concept of building up skills and knowledge in
discrete.

Modularization.

FABM.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, published journals, generalizations or
conclusions, methodologies and other parts that may help strengthen the study. Those that
were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing and making a strong proof that are
relevant and similar to the present study.

Foreign Literature

According to Rodeiro & Nadas (2011), The proponents of modular schemes claim
that their benefits are in terms of curriculum versatility (number and timing of modular
examinations), short-term evaluation targets, daily input, re-sit opportunities and increasing
encouragement among students. The modular assessment is criticized for fragmenting
learning,students joining assessments unprepared, over-teaching for the exam, and assessment
overload. Furthermore, people are claiming that GCSEs are becoming less and less
demanding due to their being less difficult, which has caused a decline in confidence in the
qualification as a whole.

According to Alelaimat (2012), The most commonly used small teaching unit
(modules)that is a small teaching unit that adopts the principle of self-education strategy and
individualization. Also, the unit involves unique objectives. And activates as it is done in a
logical sequence to allow the learner to achieve the goals and improve the mastery. As it is
done in a logical sequence and sets a limit of adeptness which is reached according to the
speed of the self-learner so she/he can learn quickest.

According to Joyce (2020), Modular schooling cuts the time it takes to learn and there
by allows for bigger immediate improvements in ability and value. Working professionals can
learn new skills in shorter periods of time, even as they work, which pays off in additional
skill and credentialing at the same time, rather than only at the end. It enables you to tailor
your education to the unique needs of your job prospects. You can supplement your education
with a specific certificate or portion of a degree to better prepare yourself for data science
jobs, and more easily combine humanities skills with technology skills, communication skills
with coding skills,analytical skills with design skills, etc.

Boise State University states that A Modular Learning Environment is a unit, chapter,
subject, or section of instruction. It is a standard unit within your course that is structured to
encourage student progress. The length of a week is dependent on the lesson content and your
teaching style. An online teaching and learning environment with a facilitated framework is
essential for the presentation and implementation of the online learning process. When
students are familiar with the class structure, they spend less time trying to guess what is
planned, and more time actually concentrating on the class material.

Local Literature

According to Bagood (2020), the transition of education delivery to modular distance

learning has wrought difficulties for the quality of education, on the part of school staff. The
DepEd is actively trying to find new ways to address current issues and capacitate its teachers.
and school heads for the IT-based distance learning. Instructors along with Program
Supervisors prepared modules beginning in May 2020 in all subjects for all grade/year level
across four quarters in accordance to the "Essential Learning Competencies". These self-
learning modules are typically pre-tested, discussed and assessed, thus making them learning
packages. The module listings are distributed to all learners with the class schedule. The
course will train students on what topics to study and reinforce with them for the upcoming
week.

According to Magsambol (2020), Modular learning is the "backbone" on which the

DepEd uses distance education. To help learning online, such as via the internet or text-
basedcontent, we should create another set of modules. The reason the school has been
delayed is presumably because they had a new printer that needed to be shipped. Having
problems with the modules which are due to be used, this can be a common situation days
before the opening of the schools.

According to Magsambol (2020), Under the DepEd's robust, integrated learning

system, students would have access to self-directed learning materials (SLMs). Teachers will
provide students with a syllabus in every quarter. Students will be having 4 sets of textbooks
and lab manuals in one year. The vocational certificates will be issued to parents before
classes begin. In Barangays where there is no school, there will be designated drop-off points
for school supplies. We intend to distribute the program four times during the school year.
Completed assignment sheets will be issued by parents to teachers. They can send their
homework to the teachers in school or at pick-up points in specified locations. Students'
progress on the summative and evaluation tasks will be observed. The Department of
Education confirmed the schools won't be conducting periodical exams this year, causing
"distance cheating."

"Education cannot be postponed, Secretary Briones says." To address the needs of

millions of students, the government adopted an educational distance learning strategy.
Distance learning, also known as correspondence training or self-study, is a mode of
education where little or no face-to-face contact exists between students and their teachers.
This form is divided into three sections. That is the one of the more convenient student
resources for most of the average Filipino students. It was the most common system of study
between parents/guardians and was the most preferred form of study (LESF) (Chin, 2020).
 According to Malaya (2020), Asynchronous e-learning features individualized
instruction which allows learners to use self-learning modules (SLMs) in written, digital or
electronic copy whichever is applicable to the learner. Learners with Modular Distance
Learning can also use other tools such as textbooks, activity sheets, study guides, etc. Many
teachers would have to deliver instructional materials that are relevant. Students can now
access these materials from their home computer, tablet PC, or smartphone.

Foreign Studies

According to Malik, S.K. (2012), Modular teaching approach is an expansion and

advanced shape of programmed instruction/learning. The trend of using modules as teaching-
learning approach is getting to be very popular in later times. In this approach the instructor
uses teaching modules arranged for particular purposes instep of traditional reading material.
Module as a unit of instructing activity and learning communicated as an approximate number
of hours of study. The module will be self-contained in spite of the fact that certain
combinations of modules may represent a progression through the educational programs. This
change is due to the reason that in almost last decade learning speculations have moved from
a stimulus-response point to information processing. It helps students in understanding
complex and difficult concepts. In educational setting, in present the shift has moved from
conventional instructing approach to measured teaching approach.

According to Sadiq, S. (2014), In teaching there are numerous strategies which are
being utilized. A few of them are assignment strategy, discovery strategy, lecture strategy,
dialog strategy, programmed learning, project method, field trip, case study strategy,
demonstration strategy, modularized instruction. Modular teaching is a new approach in
classroom settings, for encounter taking in experiences in instruction moreover it has been
getting much consideration. The framework of taking in modules has turned into a bit of all
level of instructions. Teaching through module may be a self - taking in bundle overseeing
one specific topic/ unit. It may be utilized within any setting accommodating to the learner
and may be finished at the learner's own specific pace. Sufficient hypotheses assist more
practices are available for the valuable demand of separated teaching in our classrooms. Thus,
this study was coordinated so as to check the adequacy of modular instructing.

According to Dejene & Chen (2020), modularization is based on the concept of

separating the content into smaller, non-sequential units so the material can be easily taught.
A student's credits are accrued in order to apply for a certain amount of credit points. Module
is a unit of work that is self-contained and a method of teaching that is focused on acquisition
of skill sets and skills in discrete units. A module is a course that can be combined with other
similar courses to form a specialization in the field. Each unit or module is a part of an
extended learning experience that leads to a specified certification and a prescribed number of
units or modules is required.

According to Mazkeraj & Witte (2019), the modular education is a method that
separates the lessons into smaller pieces. Each module is designed to allow students to obtain
a partial certificate. The study evaluates the impact of modular education on reducing school
dropouts, and whether it is an effective solution. To inform on the education policy transition,
this study exploits the introduction of modular education in Belgium. With a difference-in-
differences design, the findings indicate that modular education can reduce drop out by 2.5
percent. The greatest effects on foreign-born students were observed. Therefore, schools that
are modular will prove to be a successful policy for increasing enrollment and reducing ethnic
disparity. With regard to job rates, students who are enrolled in modular education are more
likely to be working and to earn greater incomes over time.

According to Abbasi et al. (2013), Studies have shown that any nurse should undergo
continuing education. They are strictly required to do so for the field of oncology. Depending
on the role of the instructor in the curriculum, there are usually two styles of teaching:
Student-centered and Teacher-centered. In a certain research, the impact of teacher-centered
(lecture)teaching methods and student-centered (module) instruction upon the experience and
practice of oncology nurses in relation to safety standards with cytotoxic drugs was studied.
Both the module design and the lecture system (lecture method) are useful in enhancing the
awareness and practice of nurses in oncology wards. Furthermore, given the benefits of
student-centered instructional approaches, as well as the sensitivity in nursing professions,
and the work load of nurses, we propose the use of module.

Local Studies

According to Lim (2016), the use of Mathematic Modules in teaching Mathematics

explicitly word problem solving, is an efficient teaching approach. The results of this research
demonstrated effectiveness in the sense that things worked out for the subjects of study in
mathematics without having to cram as hard for the teacher as they usually do. Having used
modules and basic terminology within Math to better help drive home those concepts,
respondents thought the sessions were very useful for improving their personal learning study
habits. Though the results of this study showed that learning took place in both groups using
the two methods of teaching, the subjects who were taught using the modular approached
performed substantially better than the subjects exposed to conventional lecture method and it
is concluded that modular approach is an applicable and successful teaching approach that
could be used in teaching mathematics subjects.

According to Ambayon (2020), myth and folklore were long used in the promotion of
literacy. This investigation aimed at validating a myth and folklore curriculum and testing the
effectiveness of the module at teaching the subject. This was a reaction to weak teaching
literature and the demands for appropriate instructional materials. The results indicated that
the developed module was well planned in terms of material, relevance and mechanics. Also,
the module was evaluated by the students as highly effective, useful and efficient. Third-year
undergraduate students in the School of Education were surveyed as participants for the
report. The students were put into experimental and control classes. The classes were graded
according to their grades in the previous semester. The control group didn't use the established
module, whereas the experimental group did. The tests were performed based on the different
exercises and the questions asked at the end of each subject. Based on the tests, the students in
the experimental group performed at a high level, while those in the control group showed
changes in their results. In related ways, the approach should be useful for studying
mythology and folklore.

According to Naboya (2019), Supplemental instruction in Inorganic Chemistry is a

relatively recent creation, and is now being used as a method to complement classroom
instruction. This learning kit offers self-instructional modules that permit self-paced learning.
Since a module is a single instructional kit dealing with a single idea, it also offers a variety of
type to the instructional process. Modules differentiate between different learning styles,
adapt to meet a range of differing learning needs, and place the greatest burden on the learner.
Modules also encourage constructive engagement by the learner. The modular approach to
education is based in the fact that learning is best when it requires involvement in and control
of the learning process.

According to Yazon (2016), Teaching and learning through the use of modular method
has been implemented in the United States by educators. In order to provide better
comprehension, the would-be writer monitors the writing subject as a course, which may
provide better attention to the relevant information. Each module of the system is intended for
a specific type of person, as they should respond frequently to each course of action at the
pace of the learner.

According to Vergara (2017), The Alternative Learning System concentrate on the

efficient use of learning modules. These advanced elementary and secondary standardized
tests were developed for self-study. Furthermore, Alternative Learning Framework promotes
the use of supplementary learning resources such as those developed by the facilitator and
those that match the student's needs. It is important to contextualize learning because it
teaches us how to think. The approved and validated Alternative Learning System (ALS) will
improve the academic output of learners and provide lifelong learning skills to these learners
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter encompasses the research design and methodology, including sampling,
respondents of the study, data gathering procedure, and data analysis procedure.

Research Design

The descriptive method specifically the survey will be used to achieve the objectives of this
study. It will be a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings.
This method will be used to describe the present condition of the study, which is the effect of
modular distance learning on the FABM subject of SHS learners of Palanan National High
School.

Research Instrument

The data gathering instruments that will be used in this study are interview and questionnaires
to determine the effect of modular distance learning on the FABM subject of the SHS learners
of Palanan National High School. The interview consists of 3 questions which deals about
how can modular distance learning positively and negatively affect the learning's of the
subject FABM. The questionnaires consist of 20 questions, which talk about effect of modular
distance learning on the FABM subject of the SHS learners of Palanan National High School.

Sampling Technique
Among the two sampling techniques, this study will use probability sampling technique
specifically the simple random sampling. Wherein 5 respondents will be randomly selected
from the four different section of Grade 12 at Palanan National High School.

Data Gathering Procedure

All information about the respondents' identity are kept confidential as promised to them. All
of the collected data will be carefully studied for its validity, reliability, and consistency. The
respondents will be given a whole day to answer both questionnaires and interview sheets.
The researchers followed the given steps or procedure:

1. The researchers will give a letter of permission to the research advisor requesting to
conduct a study, upon the permission of the school principal and consent of the respondents
for their participation.

2. The questionnaires and interview sheets will be given and answered by the respondents
then it will be retrieved by the researchers.

3. The collected data will be organized, analyzed, and interpreted by the researchers.

Data Analysis Procedure

Individual responses will be recorded in the tally sheet before the data will be put in table
form ready for statistical treatment. To provide meaningful description of the respondents
preferences on the effect of modular distance learning to the learning's of the subject FABM
of the SHS students of Palanan National High School, percentage distribution and thematic
analysis will be used. The data will be treated using the following.

1. Percentage. This will be used to determine what proportion of the respondents belongs to a
specific category.
𝐹
Formula: % = 𝑁 × 100

Where: % is percentage

F is frequency

N is total number of respondents

100 is constant value

2. Mean. This will be used to determine the mean age of the respondents.
 𝐹𝑥
Formula: 𝛴 𝑁

Where: X is mean

𝛴 is summation symbol

F is frequency

x is weight of each item

N is number of cases
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