The Effects of Modular Distance Learning

In the Academic Performance of

Students in Bayugan City Senior
High school

RESEARCHERS:

ANGEL MAE BIHAG

MARY JANE CANETE
HONEYLYN LUGO
MARJURIE ARTIZA
JAYNIE MAE RAGAS
IVAN CHRISTIAN NAIVE
LUDY BETH BARRIENTOS
MARIANITA OBBUS
KIMBERLY ALINAS
ALLIAH JOY BACUBAS
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

School is very important to the students lives

because it is basic foundation of knowledge bring

imparted to a child. Education provides stability,

allows self dependency and confidence. Education is one

of the most important things a person can do in their

lifetime. It allows us to grow as individuals, learn new

things and prepare for our future careers. But there are

times that we encounter obstacles in fulfilling our

dreams.

The spread of COVID-19 has affected a lot of

Humans life aspects including the school, due to the

spreading of COVID-19 the Department of Education have

decided to temporarily close the schools in order to

protect the students from being infected by the virus.

To continue the studies of the students they

implement a new learning system which is the Modular

Distance Learning(MDL) is a way of learning in the

Philippine’s Basic Education that allows students to

1
access printed self-learning modules or (SCM) and

modules that can be access digitally or via electronic

devices such as computers and smart phones (Canete and

Potane,2022)

Modular Distance Learning was really helpful in

the continuing the learning at the time of pandemic.

However, using modules has its advantages and

disadvantages according to (Nardo,M.T.B,W17) the use of

modules advocates of self directed learning. Using

modules leads them into being independent because they

will seek for knowledge by helping their selves

The use of modular has its own disadvantages,

according to (Bejeesh,2017) without the presence of the

faculty and their classmates who helps them in the

learning there are chances of getting distracted and

losing track of deadline. In addition, the students

already used in face to face classes it will be very

difficult for them in the adjustments and without the

guidance of the teachers.

With all the disadvantages and advantages of MDL

this study aims to determine the effects of Modular

Distance Learning to the students Academic Performance.

2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main objective of the study is to

determine the effect of Modular Distance Learning to the

Academic Performance of Gas Students in Bayugan City

Senior High School.

Specifically, the study aims to

answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the

students?

2. What is the level of perception of the

students in terms of Modular Distance Learning?

3. What is the Average grades of the students

for the first quarter?

4. Is there a significant relationship between

Modular Distance Learning and Academic

Performance of the students?

Hypothesis:

Ho= There is no significance relationship

between Modular Distance Learning in the

learning of the GAS students in Bayugan City

Senior High School through their demographic

profile.

3
 H1= There is a significance relationship

between Modular Distance Learning in the

learning of GAS students in Bayugan City

Senior High School through their demographic

profile.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Modular
Distance Academic
Learning Performance

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, face to face learning

will not be probably available due to the risks of the

spread of the virus so government together with the

Department of Education(DEPED) to implement the modular

distance learning.

The scope of our study is for finding

effects of MDL students to the academic performance of

the students. The study is delimited only for the Senior

High School Stand Alone the main purpose of our study is

to point out the effects of MDL and aims are determining

4
whether MDL hinders their accomplishment of their

assignments. The study only focuses on MDL and its

relation to the academic performance of the selected

students.

However, the study excludes the effects of MDL to their

behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted due to the COVID that

primarily affects the sector of education in the whole

country. This study shall provide more relevant results

on the Academic effectiveness of Modular Distance

Learning to the Bayugan City Senior High School Stand

Alone.

This study will benefits the teacher because

they will be able to know the effects of Modular

Distance Learning to the Academic Performance of there

students so that they will know how to adjust and help

the students.

This study can also benefit the parents so that

they’ll know how are their children hardship in MDL,and

to determine what their children capable of,and they

able to know how their children mental health.

This study can also benefit the future researchers

5
because they can get some information and idea that

they can use in their research.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

EDUCATION-the process of receiving or giving

systematic instruction, especially at a school or

university

MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING(MDL)-features

individualized instruction that allow learners to use

self-learning modules in print or digital format

whichever is applicable to the learner.

STUDENTS-a person who is studying at a

university or other place of higher education.

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE-is the measurement of

student achievement across various academic subjects.

EFFECT-a change which is a result or

consequences of an action or play or other cause.

6
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

According to (World Wide Health Organization,2019)

Corona virus disease(COVID-19) is an infections disease

caused by the SARS-COV-19 virus.Most people who fall sick

with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms

and recover without special treatment.However,some will

become seriously ill and require medical attention.The

virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose

in small liquid particles when they

cough,sneeze,speak,sing or breathe.These particles range

from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols.You

can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are near

someone who has COVID-19 or by touching a contaminated

surface and then your eyes,nose or mouth.The virus spread

rapidly and affects a lot of aspects of people’s lives

including school.

(Labarado et al.,n.d.) stated that the Global

educational system has affected the largest population of

learners in the history of education system due to COVID-

19 pandemic.Closures of schools happened in some learning

spaces of countries.This crisis has brought fears among

the learners considering that they are exposed with

people if face-to-face teaching-learning modality is

7
applied in the opening of classes.This life-threatening

phenomena has reduced also the opportunities for many

vulnerable students,youth and adults who are in an

disadvantaged situation to continue their learning.On the

other hand,this worldwide crisis has stimulated the

education experts to come with innovations in order to

address this problem in this Philippines Education

System.The Department of Education has come up with the

idea of implementing Distance Learning Modalities (DLDM)

for the school year 2020-2021 as an innovative approach

to ensure the learning continuity while vaccine is not

yet available.

(Malik,2012) define Modular teaching approach as an

extension and advanced shape of programmed

instruction/learning.The trend of using modules as

teaching-learning approaches becoming very popular in

recent times.In their approach the teacher uses teaching

modules prepared for specific purposes instead of

traditional textbook,he added.

(Moon,1988) as cited in (Malik, 2012)describes module as

a unit of teaching activity and learning express as an

approximate number of hours of study.The module will be

8
self-contained although the certain combination of

modules may represents a progression through the

curriculum.Modular Distance Learning (MDL) is the use of

modules made by teachers with different task and learning

activities base from the essential competencies (Anzaldo,

2021)

(Canete and Potane, 2022) also stated that MDL or

Modular Distance Learning is a way of learning in the

Philippines basic education that allows students to

access printed self-learning modules (SLM) and modules

that can be access digitally or via electronic devices

such as laptops,computers,tablets and smart phones.

According to (Barlow,n.d) In 2020, millions of

students around the world were force into distance

learning by the Covid-19 pandemic.This accelerated a

trend that was already taking place.There has been

tremendous growth in the number of students learning

online,and it has proved to be a solution to some

educational challenges.The increase in distance learning

raises the question of how it impacts students academic

performance.

9
 According to (Bem, Castro,and Gossenheimer,2017)

students cannot developed the socialization and

interpersonal skills that nor company traditional

learning method.

(Dargo and Dimas,2021) state that Modular Distance

Learning strengthens family bonding,independent

learning,and is not cost-effective.However, it is an

additional workload to working parents, there is limited

teacher-learner interaction, learners lack socialization

with the other children and have no exposure to

significant school activities but are rather expose to

many distraction at home.

(Pe Dangle and Sumoang, 2020) also state that

implementing Modular Distance Learning has its challenges

such as funding the production and delivery of

modules;students struggles with self studying,and parents

lack of knowledge to academically guide their

children/child.

(Nardo, M.T.B, 2017) as cited in (Betlen, E..

2021) state that the use of modules advocates self-

directed learning. Using modules for learning leads to

10
better self-study or learning skills among students.

There is also disadvantages, according to ( Bijeesh, 2017

) as cited in ( Betlen, F., 2021 ) says that without the

presence of the faculty and their classmates who remind

them on their assignments the chances of getting

distracted and losing track of deadlines are high.

Students cannot develop the socialization and

interpersonal skills that normally accompany traditional

learning method (Bem,Castro,and Gossenheimer,2017).

The study of (Dargo and Dimas,n.d.) revealed that

the 2.25% decreases in the GWA of learners after the

implementation of MDL denotes a significant difference in

their academic performance.

11
 Chapter III

Methodology

The purpose of this study is to determine the Effect of

Modular Distance Learning to the Academic Performance of

the GAS (General Academic Strand) students here in

Bayugan City Senior High School-Stand Alone.

This chapter discusses the methodology of the research

related to (1) Research Design, (2) Participants of the

study, (3) Research Locale, (4) Research

Population,sample and sampling Technique,(5) Research

Instrument, (6) Data Gathering Procedure, (7)Statistical

Treatment of Data.

3.1 Research Design

In this study, the researcher used descriptive

research design to describe the Effects of Modular

Distance Learning to the Academic Performance of the GAS

(General Academic Strand) students in Bayugan City Senior

High School-Stand Alone.

3.2 Participants of the Study

12
 The participants of this study are the GAS (General

Academic Strand) students in Bayugan City Senior High

School-Stand Alone and it’s eight sections namely

Locke,Hobbes,Machiavelli,Malpighi,Descartes,Leibniz,Farad

ay,and Leeuwenhoek since it only focuses to the GAS

students in Bayugan City Senior High School-Stand

Alone.Before the survey is presented the students where

informed about the selection of the respondents that will

answer the question provided by the researchers.

3.3 Research Locale

This study was conducted in Bayugan City Senior

Highschool located in Fili, Bayugan Agusan Del Sur.

3.4 Research Population,sample and sampling Technique

The limited number of respondents is only 50 people

or students from all the sections GAS Department in

Bayugan City Senior High School to gather Data

information. All the students were selected through a

systematic random sampling technique.

13
 In which systematic random sampling is a

probability sampling method in which a random sample,

with a fixed periodic interval,is selected from a larger

population.

3.5 Research Instrument

The survey was conducted using the demographic

questionnaire or Likert Scale questionnaire (Descriptive

Statement ex. Strongly Agree,Agree,Neutral,Strongly

Disagree,Disagree).

3.6 Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher had allotted a lot of

time,effort and cooperation making their questionnaire so

as to serve its intended respondents.The survey was

created using suitable questions or statements related to

their study. The survey comprised with only one part.

Likert scale was used to determine if the respondents

agreed or disagreed in a statement.Before the

distribution of the survey questionnaires they ask for a

permission from the GAS head department and then

14
distribute it to the 50 respondents.They were given time

to respond and then the researcher collected the

questionnaire.

After the respondents have taken the tests;the papers

were checked,tallied,interpreted and analyzed.

3.7 Statistical Treatment of Data

As soon as the researchers gathered the

data,they were complied,sorted,organized and

tabulated,they use descriptive statistical data analysis

to analyze the data.

Descriptive statistical data analysis is a

type of statistical data analysis that is used to

describe or summarize data in a ways that are meaningful

and useful.

15
16
 Chapter IV

PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS,AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the results, the analysis and

interpretation of data gathered from the answers to the

questionnaires distributed to the field. The said data

were presented in tabular form in accordance with the

specific questions posited on the statement of the

problem.

4.2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDENTS

4.2.1 GENDER OF THE RESPONDENT

This table only indicates that most of the respondents

are female with 66% and there is only 15% of male

respondents.

17
4.2.2 AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

21 1 2%

19 1 2%

18 13 26%

17 25 48%

16 11 22%

The table Presents the Distribution of Respondents

according to age. There are 50 Senior high school

majority of them are 17 years old garnering 48% of the

total numbers of respondents.

4.4 Level of Perception of the Students in terms of MDL

ITEM 1 2 3 4 5 T
STATEMENT Strongl Dis-agree3 Neutral Agree Strongly
y Dis- Agree
agree
1.I have difficulties in (N%) (1) (5) (22) (20) (2) (
understanding the 2.0 10.0 44.0 40.0 4.0 1
lesson in modules, it’s
contents and
assessments

2.It is difficult for me to (1) (9) (14) (19) (7) (

study on my own 2.0 18.0 28.0 38.0 14.0 1
especially in the
absence of teachers.
3.I am unable to submit (3) (11) (8) (24) (4) (
all my activities during 6.0 22.0 16.0 48.0 8.0 1
MDL because of too

18
 much module to finish.

4.My confidence (2) (3) (22) (17) (6) (

decreases during MDL 4.0 6.0 44.0 34.0 12.0 1
due to lack of
interactions.
5.My reading (0) (12) (16) (18) (4) (
comprehension got - 24.0 32.0 36.0 8.0 1
better during MDL.
6.It’s easier for me to (2) (13) (13) (14) (8) (
achieve High Grades 4.0 26.0 26.0 28.0 16.0 1
because I can do
research when
answering the
activities.
7.I have learn ti manage (0) (9) (17) (17) (7) (
my time properly _ 18.0 34.0 34.0 14.0 1
during MDL that cause
me to improve my
grades.
8.Im confident that I (1) (120 (19) (17) (1) (
were able to learn 2.0 24.0 38.0 34.0 2.0 1
efficiently in this
approach without any
struggles in doing self
study.
9.I prefer MDL because (6) (17) (16) (6) (5) (
its more convenient for 12.0 34.0 32.0 12.0 10.0 1
me in answering
activities because I
have a chance to
choose or prioritize the
easier activities.
10.MDL is less stressful (1) (12) (18) (12) (7) (
because we are given a 2.0 24.0 36.0 24.0 14.0 1
lot of time to answer
the modules and also I
am given a chance to
submit delayed
outputs.

  In the first statement,there are 4.0% respondents

strongly agree agree that they have difficulties in

19
understanding the lesson in modules, its contents and

assessments. 40.0% of the respondents states that they

agree that they are having difficulties in understanding

the lesson. 44.0% respondents oh the other hand states

that they neither agree or dis-agree.This shows that

majority of the respondents are having difficulties in

understanding the lessons in Modules.

In the statement 2, 2.0% of the respondents strongly

dis-agree in the statement that it is difficult for them

to study in the absence of teacher. 18.0% also dis-

agree,14.0% on the other hand strongly agree,38.0% also

agree.However,28.0% is not sure whether they agree or

dis-agree. Upon analyzing its shows that a lot of the

students is in need of their teachers presence when it

comes in studying and they find difficult to study on

their own.

In the statement 3 , 6.0% of the respondents strongly

agree that they are unable to submit all the activities

during MDL because of too much modules to finish. 22.0%

of the respondents also agree to the same statements and

48.0% of the respondents dis-agree, while 8.0% of the

respondents dis-agree. 16.0% on the other hand neither

agree or dis-agree. This shows that majority of the

respondents is unable to submit their activities on the

exact time.

20
 In the statement 4,  24.0% agree that their confidence

decreases during Modular Distance Learning because of not

interacting with other people.12.0% indicates that they

strongly agree in the same thing. It states that 46% of

the participants shows that they agreed that Modular

Distance Learning can affect their confidence and

interactions to other people. 6% didn’t agree that it

might affect themselves, and another 4% for those who

strongly didn’t agree. However there are 405 who are not

sure if Modular Distance Learning can cause lack of

interaction, make their confidence decrease and also if

not. Based on what have been analyze it reveals that

Modular Distance Learning affected some of the

respondents and some were not, but, majority of the

respondents were the one who got affected.

In the statement 5, 24.0% of the respondents dis-agree

that their reading comprehension didn’t get better

during MDL. 32.0% of the respondents is not sure if he or

she agree or dis-agree in the statement. While 36.0%

of the respondents agree and 8.0% of the respondents

strongly agree. In the result of analyzation majority of

the respondents reading comprehension got better during

the MDL.

In the statement 6, 4.0% respondents strongly dis-agree

that Modular Distance Learning that it is not easier for

21
them to achieve high grades in Modular Distance Learning

even if they can do research when answering the

activities. 26.0% also dis-agree while 16.0% strongly

agree that it is easier for them to achieve high grades

in Modular Distance Learning. 28.0% of the respondents

also agree. 26.05 respondents on the other hand is

undecided.

In the statement 7, after analyzing the data given by

the respondents. It states that 34% agreed that they have

managed their time properly during Modular Distance

Learning and help them improved their grades and another

14% for those who strongly agreed in the same thing. 18%

are not in favor that Modular Distance Learning

contribute to bringing improvement and in managing their

time efficiently, the other 34% are the respondents who

are not sure whether they agree or dis-agree that Modular

Distance Learning benefits their grades and help them on

managing their time. In addition, there’s a total of

100% respondents who agreed and dis-agreed that either

Modular Distance Learning can help them to improve or

not and including those who were not in favor of the

benefits of Modular Distance Learning.

In the statement 8, 2.0% respondents who strongly

agreed and that their confidence to learn efficiently in

the approach of MDL without any struggles in doing self

22
study and 34.0% of the respondents also agreed. While

2.0% of respondents strongly dis-agreed that they were

not able to learn efficiently on the approach of MDL just

by doing self study and 24.0% also dis-agreed. On the

other hand there are 38.0% respondents is not sure

whether they agree or dis-agree.

In the statement 9, there are 17 respondents  who did

not agree that MDL is more convenient when answering

activities along with 6 other respondents who strongly

dis-agreed with the same items it shows that this

respondents don’t prefer MDL where they can even

prioritize their other and easier activities. While the

other 16 respondents were not sure whether they prefer

MDL or not. MDL can make students capable of doing their

activities and can help them do their other priorities

but based on the analysis, it reveals that 78% of the

respondents were not in favor of MDL as a convenient

tool when answering and doing the other activities, and

it shows that they don’t prefer the benefits they could

get in MDL.

In the statement 10, 14.0% strongly agreed that MDL is

less stressful for them because they’re given a lot of

time to answers and a chance to pass some delayed

outputs. 24.0% also agreed. While 2.0% strongly dis-

agreed that it is still stressful for them even if

23
they’re given a lot of time in answering modules and

given a chance to submit their delayed outputs. 24.0%

also dis-agree,however there are 36.0% respondents who is

not sure whether they dis-agree or agree.

4.4 AVERAGE GRADE FOR FIRST QUARTER

Correlation Matrix

    AVERAGE FOR FIRST QUARTER AVERAGE

AVERAGE FOR FIRST QUARTER Pearson's r —  

  p-value —  

AVERAGE Pearson's r 1.000 —

  p-value < .001 —

24
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY,CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of the findings, the

conclusions made and recommendations.

SUMMARY

The purpose of this study was to determined the

Effect of Modular Distance Learning to the Academic

Performance of the Students in Bayugan City Senior High

School S.Y. 2022-2023. Data were gathered from 50

students using systematic random sampling. Clearly it

define the following: Profile of the respondents in terms

of gender,grade level,age and their GPA for the first

quarter.

The study reveals that Modular Distance Learning has

effect to the Academic Performance of the Students.

CONCLUSION

From the study above, this study concludes that the

Modular Distance Learning affects the students academic

performance for first quarter.

The reseacrhers conclude that the students must have

atleast determine the positive and negative effects of

MDL in their academic performance. MDL affects the

students in different ways.

25
 The researchers also conclude that the students has

different reasons on why they prefer and not prefer MDL

as their tool in studying.

There are many advantages and dis-advantages of

Modular Distance Learning in the students. One of the

advantages is that it can make their study easier and

they can do their other job and priorities as well

because they given a lot of time to answer the

modules,however it can make them less interactive and

might affect their self confidence during Modular

Distance Learning and that is one of its advantage and it

can cause them into laziness that’s why there are some

delayed outputs during the schedule or retrieval of

modules.

Therefore, this study also concludes that there is a

relationship between Modular Distance Learning in the

Academic Performance of the Students.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The researcher found out that MDL has an effects to

the students academic performance it affects in a lot of

aspects. It also needs effort in order to learn

effectively.Some students also have difficulties in

answering their activities and other school works because

of the absence of the teacher they can’t understand some

of the topics and they only answer modules because it

26
needed to be passed but not answering so they can learn

from it. The presence of the teacher is very important so

students will take their activities seriously.

Therefore,MDL is not highly recommend when it comes

to students because there are students who is not capable

of self studying and needs a personal guidance with the

teacher,also there are some delayed outputs that can also

affect their grades because they don’t take their

activities more serious not like Face-to Face classes

where teachers can correct them. Self confidence can also

increase during face-to-face classes and learn new

concepts,skills and ideas it can boost academic

performance,and help develop social engagement skills.

Furthermore,many of the students spend on bright yet

disadvantaged students find it difficult to spend on

devices and internet access. One of the reasons why face-

to-face classes is better than MDL it boost interpersonal

interaction between the other students and their

instructors or teachers they can be more socialize and

less distraction.

27
 

REFERENCE

Labrado,M.G.,et al.(2020).Initial Implementation of

printed Modular Distance Learning in the

City of Naga-Cebu during COVID-19

pandemic;https://doi.org/10.242941/ijcr.3

9927.10.20202

Tadese,M.,Yeshaneh,A and Mulu,G.B.(2022).Determinants of

good academic performance among university students in

Ethopia;across-sectional study.

International Journal of Arts and social Science (ITASS)

ISSN:2581-7922,Volume 5 Issue 2,Page 110-123,February

2022

Pe Dangle,Y.R. and Sumaoang,J(2020). The Implementation

of Modular Distance Learning in the Philippine Secondary

Public Schools

Malik,S.(2012).Effects of Modular and traditional

approaches on students general

comprehension.Islamabad,Pakistan.

28
Dargo,J and Dimas,M. (2021).Modular Distance

Learning;Its Effect in the Academic Perfomance ofLearners

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER II

2. RRL

CHAPTER III

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

3.2 PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY

3.3 RESEARCH LOCALE

3.4 RESEARCH POPULATION,SAMPLE AND SAPLING TECHNIQUE

3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

3.6 DATA GATHERING

3.7 STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

CHAPTER IV

4. PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS,AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDENTS

29
4.3 LEVEL OF PERCEPTION OF THE STUDENTS IN TERMS OF MDL

4.4 AVERAGE GRADE FOR THE FIRST QUARTER

CHAPTER V

5.1 SUMMARY

5.2 CONCLUSION

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

5.4 REFERENCE

30