GEN. ED.

COLEGIO DE SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA

Supervised by the Lasallian Schools Supervision Office
Ramon M. Durano Foundation Compound,
Guinsay, Danao City, Cebu
Tel. No. (032) 344-4709

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Module Three

Revised by:
Ester Roilo Pelaez

Student’s Name:
_________________________________________________________________
(Last name, Given Name, & Middle Initial)

Degree Program, Year & Section:

Instructor’s Name:
_________________________________________________________________

2023
i
 Table of Contents

Module Page No. Date

Module 3: Tenses of Verbs 1

LESSONS
2-8
Lesson One: Present Tenses

ACTIVITIES Lesson One Learning Activities 8-11

LESSONS
Lesson Two: Past Tenses 11-17

ACTIVITIES Lesson Two Learning Activities 18-19

LESSONS
Lesson Three: Voice of Verbs in the Present/Past 20-23
Tenses

23-25
ACTIVITIES Lesson Three Learning Activities

LESSONS

Lesson Four: Asking Questions in the 25-28

Present/Past Tenses
28-30
ACTIVITIES
Lesson Four Learning Activities

REFLECTION………………………………………………….. 31

SEMI-FINAL EXAMINATION

References…………..……………………………… 31

ii
 MODULE 3
Tenses of Verbs

You should always keep in mind that English is a chronological

language. English speakers simply always need to know when some action or
event took place.

Chronology, or events and dates set in order of their happening, is

expressed by English speakers through verb tenses. Each tense indicates the
connection between two or more time periods or the exact time an activity
occurred, which underlines the importance of English grammar tenses. They
can be used to create different meanings from the same verbs and help to
anchor the listener, understand the meaning behind your story. Thus, English
has a lot of verb tenses with some expressing a connection between two time
periods whereas others indicate the
exact timing of an activity.
Further, the depth of the English tenses should never be
underestimated. We can,indeed, express very different things when simply
changing the tense; or even use tenses as rhetorical devices to stress whether
we strongly believe a project "is going to succeed" or simply express that
we "will see" if a project “will succeed”.

If you’re still wondering why verb tenses are important, then let’s
walkfirst through the different types of present tenses and how they can be
used to effectively communicate with other people. After all, the goal of this
module isto understand the important verb tenses (present tenses) that will
help you in daily life.

(Retrieved form Lumen: https://www.lingualinkdc.net/blog/grammar-tenses)

Topics:
Lesson One: Present Tenses
A. Simple Present
B. Present Progressive
C. Present Perfect
Lesson Two: Past Tenses
A. Simple Past
B. Past Progressive
C. Past Perfect
D. Past Perfect Progressive
Lesson Three: Voice of Verbs in the Present/Past Tenses
A. Active Voice
B. Passive Voice
Lesson Four: Asking Questions in the Present/Past Tenses
A. Simple Questions (Yes/No Questions)
B. Information Questions
C. Tag Questions
KWHL Chart
Directions: Fill in the first two columns before proceeding to the learning content. This will
serve as your guide on what to learn for the entire module. After answering the
learning activities, go back here to fill in the third and last column.
What I want to What I WANT to What I LEARNED HOW can I learn
KNOW find out more

1
 LESSON ONE
Present Tenses

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to:
a. identify the correct present simple tense of verbs in sentences;
b. complete the sentences with correct present progressive tense of verbs; and
c. write sentences based on a picture of Filipino values using the present
tenses of verb.

II. LEARNING CONTENT:

Present Tense

What is a Tense?

Tense is a verb attribute that shows the time of the action, condition or state of being in relation to the time
of the action, condition or state of believe in relation to the time of the action and condition or state of beingin
relation to the time of speaking or writing.

Present Tense Verbs

A present tense verb is an action word that tells you what the subject is doing right now, in the present.
For example, “He walks to the store.” uses the present tense of the verb “walk” and tells you “he” is in the process
of getting to the store on foot now.

1. Present Tenses
A. Simple Present
B. Present Progressive
C. Present Perfect
A. Simple Present

Simple Present

The present for all verbs, except be, is in the simple form for all persons, except the third person singular
which takes the s-form. The s-form is simply a verb form that ends in s or es. The s-form of be is is;
that of have is has.

The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when an action
is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes
called present indefinite). Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using the root
form or by adding -s or -es to the end.

Example: I feel great! Pauline loves pie. I’m sorry to hear that you’re sick.

The simple present tense expresses:

1. A present fact.

The students discuss about trust and faith.

The teacher emphasizes the values of patience and industry.

2. Habitual action or state of being extending from time in the past through the present and into the
future.

Humans often neglect their responsibility toward fellow humans.

They forget for selfish reasons.

3. A general or all-time truth

2
 Anger doesn’t solve problems.
It only complicates issues.
God’s commandments guide us to do good things.

4. Simple futurity.

Jack feels sorry. He hopes to change in the future.

Thegroups give Jack some advice.
Then, the teacher summarizes them.

5. The historical present, which is used in narration, book reviews, reports, etc.

A person has respect and compassion. He or she sees the divinity of others. He or she reveres fellow
humans because they are made in the image and likeness of God.

More Examples of the Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense is used:

(1) To describe facts and habits:

 I like chocolate. (Fact)
 Angela runs a youth club full of glue-sniffers. (Fact)
 I ride horses in the summer. (Fact and habit)
 It always snows here in January. (Fact and habit)
(NB:These activities do not have to be happening right now.)

This type of sentence, especially if it's describing a habit, will usually include a time expression like
"always," "every year," "never," "often," "on Mondays," "rarely," "sometimes," or "usually."

(2) To describe scheduled events in the future

 The train arrives at 5 o'clock.
 It is low tide at 0234.
(Yes, we know! It's supposed to be the present tense!)

(3) To tell stories (particularly jokes) to make your listener or reader feel more engaged with the
story.
 A horse walks into a bar, and the barman says, "why the long face?"
(Compareto: A horse walked into a bar, and the barman said, "why the longface?")
 We heard the helicopter overhead. Suddenly, the radio bursts into life.
(This is sometimes called the fictional present or the historic present.)

Forming the Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense is quite easy to form.

base form or base form + "s"

Let's look at the verb to run (whose base form is run). In the simple present tense, run looks likethis:
Person Example
First person singular I run.
Second person singular You run.
Third person singular He/She/It runs.
First person plural We run.
Second person plural You run.
Third person plural They run.

In other words, it only changes in the third person singular (he / she / it). It adds either s, es or ies

3
TheNegative Version

To create a negative sentence, use "do not" + [base form of the verb]. (Use "does not" with third
person singular (he / she / it).)
"do not" or "does not" + [base form of the verb]

 I do not like chocolate.

 Angela does not run a youth club full of glue-sniffers.
 I do not ride horses in the summer.
 It does not always snow here in January.
 Dawn does not play chess in the evenings.

In speech and writing (especially informal writing), "do not" is often shortened to "don't," and
"does not" is often shortened to "doesn't." If you want to add some emphasis, use one of the long
versions (i.e., "do not" or "does not"), and emphasize the word "not."

The Question Version

If you need to ask a question, you can use the following word order for a yes/no question:
"do" or "does" + [subject] + base form of verb
 Do you like chocolate?
 Does Angela run the youth club?
You can use the following word order for a question-word question:
[question word] + "do" or "does" + [subject] + base form of verb
 Why does Tony talk so quickly?
 When do the farmers plant the corn?
You can use the following word order for a choice question:
"do" or "does" + [subject] + base form of verb + choice A + or + choice B
 Does Mark sing or dance?
 Do they want hamburger or sausages?

The Spelling Rules

For regular verbs, just add s:

 talk > talks
 improve > improves
For verbs that end in s, ss, sh, ch, x and o, add es:
 guess > guesses
 mash > mashes
 fix > fixes
 go > goes
For verbs ending [consonant]-y, change the y to i and add es:
 fly > flies
 study > studies

Irregular Verbs: Do, Go, and Have

Subject Verb Subject Verb
I do the dishes does the dishes
You every day. every day.
We go to work at He goes to work at
You 7:00 a.m. She 7:00 a.m.
They have dinner at 6:00 It has dinner at 6:00
a.m. a.m.
The verbs do, go, and have are irregular for he, She goes home at six-thirty.
she, it, and singular subjects. He has a meeting at two-thirty.
John does the laundry on Sunday night.

4
B. Present Progressive or Present Continuous Tense

Present Progressive or Present Continuous Tense

The present progressive tense if formed with the use of the present form of the verb be (am, are, is) plus
the present progressive form (ing form) of the main verb.

The present progressive or present continuous tense indicates:

1. An action going on at the time of speaking.

Listen to Jack. He is reflecting our own fears.

2. Simple futurity.
The students are talking up the essay tomorrow.
The groups are dividing the questions to be answered among themselves.

Some expressions that indicate that the action is going on at the time of speaking are right now, as of
this moment, and at present. Time clauses starting with while also indicate an action in progress.

The present progressive tense is used for an ongoing action in the present. For example:
 John is baking a cake.
 They are painting the fence.
Even though it is a present tense, the present progressive tense can also be used to describe an activity
that is going to happen in the future (especially for planned activities). For example:
 We are moving to New Zealand in the summer.
 The train is arriving in 2 minutes.
Here is an info-graphic explaining the present progressive tense:

Examples of the Present Progressive Tense

 Dan and Billy are fishing off the pier.
 A lot of good arguments are spoiled by some fool who knows what he is talking about.
(Playwright Miguel de Unamuno)
 Middle age is when you are sitting at home on a Saturday night and the telephone rings and
you hope it isn't for you. (Poet Ogden Nas)

Forming the Present Progressive Tense

The present progressive tense is formed like this:
"am," "is," or "are" + [present participle ("verb-ing")]

Choose "am," "is," or "are" based on the following table:

Example:
Subject Verb "to be" Present Participle
I am I am talking.
y

You are You are eating.

ssshe

He / She / It (or singular noun) is She is running.

We are
[verb] + "ing"
You are
They (or plural noun) are
5
 Forming the Present Participle

The [verb] + "ing" part is known as a present participle. It is formed like this:

Add "ing" to most verbs:

 play > playing
 shout > shouting
For verbs that end "e", remove the "e" and add "ing":
 prepare > preparing
 ride > riding
For verbs that end "ie", change the "ie" to "y" and add "ing":
 lie > lying
 untie > untying
For verbs whose last syllable is written [consonant-vowel-consonant] and is stressed, double the final
consonant and add "ing":
 run > running
 forget > forgetting

The Negative Version

If you need the negative version, you can use the following construction:
"am," "is," or "are" + "not"+ [present participle]
 Caroline is not looking for the latest brochure.
Remember that "is not" and "are not" are sometimes written as the contractions "isn't" and "aren't."

The Question Version

If you need to ask a question, you can use the following word order for a yes/no question:
"am," "is," or "are" + [subject] + [present participle]
 Is Caroline looking for the latest brochure?
 Are Dan and Billy fishing off the pier?

You can use the following word order for a question-word question:
[question word] + "am," "is," or "are" + [subject] + [present participle]
 Why is Caroline looking for the latest brochure?
 When are Dan and Billy fishing off the pier?

You can use the following word order for a choice question:
"am," "is," or "are" + [subject] + [present participle] + choice A + or + choice B
 Is Caroline looking for the latest brochure or her chair?

"am," "is," or "are" + [subject] + present participle A + or + present participle B

 Are Dan and Billy fishing off or jumping off the pier?
C. Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense describes an action that began in the past (despite being a present tense).
For example:
 John has taken Sarah's advice.
 They have fixed the fence.

Often, the action being described is still continuing into the present (e.g., John continues to take Sarah's
advice). This is how the present perfect tense differs from the simple past tense.

The present perfect tense is formed by using have/has + the past participle form of the verb.
has been
has gone
have waited
have become
In conversation, I have is usually contracted to I’ve, you have to you’ve, he has to he’s, and they have
to they’ve.
6
Here is an infographic explaining the present perfect tense:

More Examples of the Present Perfect Tense

Here are some more examples of the present perfect tense:

 The board has decided to uphold the appeal.
(This sentence carries the connotation that the board continues to uphold the appeal.)
 I have taken the wrong path.
(Connotation: I am still on the wrong path.)

Forming the Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is formed:

[subject] + "has" or "have" + [past participle]

 I have worked.
 She has painted.

Forming the Past Participle (Regular Verbs)

If it's a regular verb, the past participle is the same as the simple past tense. In other words, it is
formed like this:
Add "ed" to most verbs:
 jump > jumped
 paint > painted
If a verb of one syllable ends [consonant-vowel-consonant], double the final consonant and add "ed":
 chat > chatted
 stop > stopped
If the final consonant is "w," "x," or "y," don't double it:
 sew > sewed
 play > played
 fix > fixed
If last syllable of a longer verb is stressed and ends [consonant-vowel-consonant], double the last
consonant and add "ed":
 incur > incurred
 prefer > preferred
If the first syllable of a longer verb is stressed and the verb ends [consonant-vowel-consonant], justadd "ed":
 open > opened
 enter > entered
If the verb ends "e," just add "d":
 thrive > thrived
 guzzle > guzzled
If the verb ends [consonant + "y"], change the "y" to an "i" and add "ed":
 cry > cried
 fry > fried
Forming the Past Participle (Irregular Verbs)
If it's an irregular verb, the past participle is formed in all sorts of different ways. Here are some
examples:
 arise > arisen buy > bought
7
  catch > caught choose > chosen
The Negative Version

If you need the negative version, you can use the following construction:
[subject] + "has not" or "have not" + [past participle]
 The board has not decided to uphold the appeal.
 I have not taken the wrong path.
Remember that "has not" is sometimes written as the contraction "hasn't."

The Question Version

If you need to ask a question, you can use the following word order for a yes/no question:
"has" or "have" + [subject] + [past participle]
Has the board decided to uphold the appeal?
Have I taken the wrong path?
You can use the following word order for a question-word question:
[question word] + "has" or "have" + [subject] + [past participle]
 Why has the board decided to uphold the appeal?
 How have I taken the wrong path?

A. Directions: Sentences below are incomplete. Identify and encircle the correct form of the verb in
simple present to complete each sentence. (1 point each item)

Example: He work/works at a bank.

1. Sgt. Guerrero save/saves the hostages.

2. Jack and Brian play/plays soccer.
3. Police officers help/helps people.
4. We study/studies science books.
5. Mary enroll/enrolls in the business school.

B. Below are sentences in present simple. Identify and underlined doesn’t/don’t to complete each sentence.
(1 point each item)

1. Teachers doesn’t/don’t report to school on Sunday.

2. Firemen doesn’t/don’t have the same schedule every day.
3. She doesn’t/don’t work on weekends.
4. Her house doesn’t/don’t have a terrace.
5. I doesn’t/don’t travel for my job.
6. The politicians doesn’t/don’t have a busy schedule for people it’s when election time.
7. Maddy doesn’t/don’t have any close friends at school.
8. Don’t/Doesn’t she look beautiful in her gown?
9. Father don’t/doesn’t forget to bring his ID to work every day.
10. The woman don’t/doesn’t have food to eat.

8
 Activity 2. Paragraph Completion

Directions: Read the short selection below. Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the verbs in
parentheses. The verbs used should be in the simple present tense. Write your answer on the blanks provided.
(1 point each item)

My name is Robert. I ___________(1)(live) in this house. That is my dog. His name is Finn.
He ___________(2)(like) sleeping. He usually ___________(3)(sleep) under the tree.I___________(4 )(has)
a lot of friends. I often ____________(5)(play) football with them. I always _____________(6)(call) them
when I ___________(7)(want) to play in the park. I never ___________(8)(go) to park alone. My father
___________(9)(work) in a bank. He usually ____________(10)(come) home late. He ___________(11)(like)
sitting here and reading books. He sometimes ____________(12)(sleep) when he ___________(13)(read). He
___________(14)(not/like) playing football or watching it on TV. My mother is a teacher. She __________
(15)(teach) English and she ____________(16)(like) her students very much. She _____________(17)
(cook) delicious food for me. I ___________(18)(love) her so much but she ____________(19)(not/let) me
eat much junk food. ___________(20)(Do) your mother let you?
Activity 3. Matching Type

Directions: The words in Column A are the different occupations of the people. Match each occupation with what
people do. Write the letter of your answers on the blanks provided before the number in the Column
A. Use correct verb forms and make statements. Write your statements on the blanks in the Column C.
(1 point each item)
Column A Column B Column C
Example: a salesclerk promotes and sells products A salesclerk promotes and sells
products.
1. a teacher A. enforce the law 1.
2. a fire fighter B. greet people 2.
3. police officers C. build houses 3.
4. nurses D. repair cars 4.
5. taxi drivers E. direct planes 5.
6. engineers F. travel beyond Earth’s atmosphere 6.
7. a mechanic G. work on emergencies 7.
8. construction H. teach students 8.
workers
9. receptionists I. design and build a machine or 9.
structure
10. astronauts J. take passengers to different places 10.
K. take care of sick people
L. crew of a spaceship

B. Present Progressive

Activity 4. Identification

A. Directions: Sentences below should be in the present progressive tense. Complete each of the sentences
using the words in the parentheses and make sure to put the verbs in its present progressive form. Write your
answer on the blanks provided. (1 point each item)
1. “Don’t talk so loudly!”-“I ______ (not/talk) loudly.”
2. Manuel__________(talk) to his mother at the moment.
3. Government employees__________(not/work) on Sundays.
4. How often a day you _________ (eat) chocolate?
5. He and his friends (cycles) to the shops.
6. They (not travel) in Singapore.
7. I (sunbathe) on the beach.
8. Eiah __(not watch) the concert.
9
 9. He (not attend) the party tonight.
10. Claire ____(perform) at the theater today.

B. Below are sets of chunk words. Use these words to create questions. Create the questions correctly
following the question version in present progressive form. Write your answers on the blanks given and make
sure to provide answers. (1 point each item)

1. your teacher/ report/ today/? Questions: ______________________________________

Answer: Yes, _____________________________________
2. you/ have a good time/ on holiday/? Questions: _________________________________________
Answer: Yes,
3. your mother/ attend the meeting/ now/? Questions: _________________________________________
Answer: Yes,
4. your friends/ play volleyball/ now? Questions: _________________________________________
Answer: Yes,
5. your brother/ study/ in the library / today? Questions: ______________________________________
Answer: Yes,

C. Present Perfect
Activity 5. Fill in the Blanks

A. Directions: Box below contains verbs. Choose the correct verb from the box below to complete the
following sentences. Put the verb in the negative form of the present perfect tense. (1 point
each item)

claim/ begin/ get/ be/ see/ stop/ speak/ buy/ read/ eat/ continue/ cook/ return

Example: Mother arrived at 8:00 p.m.. She hasn’t cooked dinner yet.
1. It is already 8:45 a.m.. The class_________yet.
2. It started to rain last night, and it still___________. .
3. I bought bread today, but I still____________it yet.
4. My grandparents live in a different city. I them for five years.
5. Sam is waiting in the lobby for her sister, but she _____________down yet.
6. Agnes has finally decided which car she wants, but she_____________it yet.
7. Audrey told me that the novels by Mark Twain are nice, but I _ them yet.
8. The officer took Danny’s car to the police station yesterday, but he____________it yet.
9. Tom and Katie got divorced ten years ago. They to each other since then.
10. The Vergaras’ moved out of the Philippines ten years ago, and they to the country since then.

B. The sentences below are incomplete. Fill in the blanks in each of the sentences with correct present perfect tense
of the verb. Write your answers on the blanks provided. (1 point each item)

Example: I have walked on this path before.

1. ________ you ever ________ to Paris?
2. I know you. I___________ you for a long time.
3. There’s a new restaurant in town. ______ you to it?
4. Hello, Jem. Where ________ you_________?
5. Liza and Gab are married. They____________ married since 1989.
6. Aly is ill. The doctor ____________ her for the last few days.
7. I live in Cebu City. I_____________ there for ten years.
8. Laveda is learning English. She English for six months.
9. Nelly works in a bank. ______ she_______in a bank for five years already?
10. Jack is in the hospital. He in hospital since Monday.

10
 Activity 6. Let’s Create!

Directions: Below is a picture of one of the Filipino values (family oriented). Based on the picture,
create two sentences using each of the present tenses (simple present, present progressive and present perfect).
Note: 5 points each sentence (3 points for the correct tense of the verb used and 2 points for the correct
organization of the sentence).

Simple present:
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
Present progressive:
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
Present perfect
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________

LESSON TWO
PastTenses

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to:
a. determine the correct usage of simple past and past progressive by completing the
paragraph taken from the campaign, ‘’Christmas 2022 Ceasefire Campaign between
Russia and Ukraine’’;
b. identify the time clauses in past tenses to compete the story;
c. use would (past habitual) to complete the sentences given;
d. combine the sentences taken from the short story as regards how the environment affects
personality with correct time words;

II. LEARNING CONTENT:

Four Past Tenses:

Simple Past vs. Past Progressive

The simple past and the past progressive describe actions in the past.
Examples:
1. American consumers wanted affordable prices.
2. While the company was working on these advertisements, it was also doing
11
 research on the Malaysian.
1. Simple Past
Use the simple past to describe actions, situations, or events that are completed. Use the simple past for
actions that happened once or repeatedly in the past.
Examples:
a. Company executives decided to market the dolls in China in 2009.
b. The dolls weren’t popular in China a few years ago.
c. What did the company market in Malaysia?
d. The company executives visited Malaysia a few times.
Past time markers, such as yesterday, last week, two months ago, and in 2011 can be used with the simple past.
Examples:
A company studied Malaysian culture last year.
Did it get good local advice last time?
Who gave the company advice last week?
Form
The past of regular verbs is formed using the ending –ed.
I / You / We / They
He/ She / It opened/ lived/ tried.

Spelling Rules
Most verbs: add –ed.
wish - wished fill - filled
Verbs ending in –e: add –d.
date – dated close - closed
Verbs ending in a consonant followed by –y: change the –y to –ied.
carry – carried study - studied
Verbs ending in a single vowel followed by a single consonant:
double the consonant and add –ed.
fit – fitted tap – tapped
Irregular Verbs
Many common verbs have irregular past forms.
go → went have → had take → took

I / You / We / They
He/ She/ It went to the cinema.

I / He / She / It was
to the cinema.
You / We / They were

The verb to be has two past simple forms.

Form
To form negatives, questions and short answers in the past simple, we use the auxiliary did
+ bare infinitive.
negative
I / You / He / She / It / We / They did not (didn’t) work yesterday.

questions short answers

Did I / You / We / They / Work? Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they did.
He / She / It No, didn’t.

Note: I didn’t work. I didn’t worked.

Did he arrive on time? Did he arrived on time?
was and were
The verb to be follows a different pattern. We do not use did to form questions and negatives.
negative
I / She / He / It was not (wasn’t) there.
You / We / They were not (weren’t)
12
 questions
Was I / she / he / it there?
Were you / we / they

She wasn’t at school yesterday.

They weren’t very nice to me.
Was I late?
Were you at the party?

2. Past Progressive
Use the past progressive to describe an activity or event in progress over a period of
time in the past.
Examples:
The company wasn’t selling dolls in China at that time.
Why weren’t many people buying them?
What was happening during that period
Form
affirmative
I / He / She / It was
working.
You / We / They were

We do not usually use these verbs in the past continuous form: believe, like, hate,
prefer, want, depend, love, know, remember, forget, mean, need and understand.
Use
We use the past continuous
1. to talk about an activity in progress at a particular time in the past.
Examples:
• They started construction of the Eiffel tower in January 1887.
• In 1888 they were building the tower.
• In May 1989 they finished the tower.
• It was raining on Monday so we didn’t play football.
• Don’t turn the radio off! I was listening to it!

2. to talk about an activity that is interrupted by an event.

Examples:
• My mobile rang while I was doing my homework.
• He was driving to work when the accident happened.
3. to describe the background scene or situation for events in the past.
• The 100 Years War started because England was supplying wool to Flanders
for their cloth trade and France was trying to take control of this source of
foreign exchange. When the French king died…
• We were driving home after school. Dad turned on the radio and that’s when
I first heard that.
Form
negative
I / He / She / It wasn’t (was not) working.
You / We / They weren’t (were not)

questions
Was he / she / it working?
Where you / we / they

short answers
Yes, he / she / it was.
you / we / they were.
No, he / she / it wasn’t.
You / we / they weren’t.

13
 Use
We use past continuous questions to ask about
• an activity in progress at a particular time in the past.
What were you doing yesterday morning?
Were you sleeping at midnight?
• an activity that is interrupted by an event.
What were they doing when the teacher came into the room?
They were cheating on the test.
Were you sleeping when the alarm clock went off?
No, I wasn’t.
• the background scene or situation for events in the past.
Was it raining when you left school?
Was Sir Alexander Fleming already looking for antibodies when he discovered
penicillin?
Yes, he was.
Simple Past and Past Progressive Contrasted
a. Use the past progressive to describe background activities. These activities were in
progress at the same time as the main event in the sentence. Use in the simple past for
the main event.
Example:
They were planning a new advertising campaign in the country, so they did some
research on the culture.
Background Activity: They were planning a new advertising campaign
Main Event: in the country, so they did some research on the culture.
b. Use the simple past, not the past progressive, with stative verbs.
Example:
The company understood the culture.
NOT The company was understanding the culture.
Time Clauses with Simple Past and Past Progressive
The simple past and past progressive are used with time clauses to show the order of
two past events.
Examples:
1. We changed our minds about the product after we saw the ads for it.
2. While he was presenting the product, the audience listened attentively.
Using Time Clauses with Simple Past
a. Use time clauses beginning with the time words We found out that the ad wasn’t appropriate for
and phrases after, as soon as, before, once, until, consumers when we were doing research on
and when as soon as or once the market.
When the time clause comes first in the sentence, When we were doing research on the market,
use a comma. we found out that the ad wasn’t appropriate for
consumers.
FIRST EVENT SECOND EVENT

b. Use after to introduce the first event. After the store opened, people didn’t buy the
dolls.
FIRST EVENT
c. Use before to introduce the second event. The company worked with an advertising team
SECOND EVENT
before it marketed the shampoo.

d. Use as soon as or once to introduce the first event FIRST EVENT

when the second event happens immediately As soon as the company made prices
after. affordable,
SECOND EVENT
sales improved.
SECOND EVENT FIRST EVENT
Women bought the shampoo once the ad fit the
local culture.
14
 D. Until means “up to that time.” Use until to FIRST EVENT SECOND EVENT
indicate the second event. There were not many sales until the company
changed its advertising.

E. Use when to introduce the first event. When

means “at almost the same time.” FIRST EVENT
EVENT
SECOND

When we thought about the low sales, we got

a little worried.

Using Time Clauses with Simple Past and Past Progressive

a. Use the past progressive to describe an ongoing ONGOING EVENT
action. Use while or when to introduce the While we were developing an advertising
ongoing action. campaign,
INTERRUPTION
I got sick.

Use the simple past to describe an action that ONGOING EVENT

We were discussing the new ad campaign
interrupts the ongoing action. Use when to
introduce the introduction. INTERRUPTION
when we heard about the low sales.

b. Use the past progressive in both clauses to talk

about two actions in progress at the same time. While they were studying Malaysian culture,
they were developing an advertising campaign.

3. Past Perfect
The past perfect is used to describe a completed event that happened before another event in the past.
Examples:
 Elyse finally met her sister, Paula. Paula had been married for several years. (First, Paula
got married; Elyse met Paula at a later time.)
Forming Past Perfect
Form the past perfect with had + the past participle of the main verb. Form the negative by adding not after
had. The form is the same for all subject.
Examples:
 Elyse and Paula did not grow up together. They had lived with different families.
 They were available for adoption because their birthmother had given them up.
 “Had she talked about the study to anyone at the time?”
 “No, she hadn’t.”
 “What had you heard about this study before that time?”
 “I’d heard very little about it.”
Using Past Perfect with Simple Past
a. Use the past perfect to describe an event in a LATER TIME EARLIER TIME
time period that leads up to another past She learned that she had been part of a secret
event or time period. Use the simple past to study.
describe the later event or time period.
LATER TIME EARLIER TIME
The twins discovered that they had both studied
psychology.
LATER TIME EARLIER TIME
b. The prepositions before, by, or until can Their mother had known about the study before
introduce the later time period. her death.
LATER TIME EARLIER TIME
Sue hadn’t met her sister until last year.

15
 REASON
c. The past perfect is often used to give reasons
She was late. She had forgotten to set her alarm
or background information for later past
clock.
events.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION LATER PAST EVENT
He had never taken a subway before he moved to
New York.

In writing, these verbs are commonly used in the past perfect: come, have, leave, make, and take.
Had been is the most common past perfect form in speaking and writing.
Examples:
 The twins had not gone to the same school as children.
 The family thought that they had made the right decision.
 Psychologists praised the study because the researchers had been very careful in their work.
 The researchers had not been aware of each other’s work on twins until they met.
Past Perfect with Time Clauses

The past perfect is often used with time clauses for events that occurred in an earlier time period
leading up to a later event or time period.
Example:
 By the time Elyse discovered her sister, people had forgotten about the twin study.
Order of Events
a. Use time clauses to show two separate past Elyse had moved by the time the researchers
time periods. Use the past perfect to signal called her.
an event that occurred in an earlier time
period.
The time words after, as soon as, before, by After they had met, they noticed their many
the time, until, and when can introduce the similarities.
time clauses. Until Elyse started her research, she hadn’t
known about the twin study.

b. With before and after, the past perfect is not Elyse moved before she met her twin. OR
always necessary because the order is clear. Elyse had moved before she met her twin.
In this case, the past perfect emphasizes the
earlier time period.

c. In time clauses with when, the use of the past

perfect in the main clause usually shows a When Paula met Elyse, she had already learned
good amount of time between events. about the research. (She learned about the
research. She met Elyse some time later.)
d. The use of as soon as with the past perfect
shows that one event happened very soon
after the other. As soon as the researchers had learned about the
public’s reaction to the study, they stopped it.
(The scientists learned about the public’s
reaction to the study. They stopped the study very
The use of the simple past in both clauses soon after that.)
shows that one event happened very soon
after the other. When Paula met Elyse, she learned about the
research. (She learned about the research very
soon after she met Elyse.)

Past Habitual / Habitual Past

In English grammar, the habitual past is a verb aspect that is used to refer to repeated events in the
past. Also called past-habitual aspect or past-repetitive aspect.
The habitual past is indicated most frequently by the semi-auxiliary verb used to,
the auxiliary would, or the simple past tense of a verb. Compare with the past progressive, which instead
relies on "to be" to indicate continuous or ongoing action in the past.
16
 Used to and would to describe past routines or repeated actions. Used to expresses states or habits
that existed in the past, but do not exist now. Would can only express repeated actions.
Example:
 Our company used to sell shampoo around the world. We would study the local customs.
Then we would create local marketing campaigns.
Used To
a. Used to is followed by the base form of the Some companies used to ignore local customs.
verb. It can be used for actions or states. (But they don’t do that now.)
This building used to be a TV studio.
I used to know the manager’s name, but I’ve
Use use to not used to in questions with forgotten it.
did. Where did you use to go to school when you were
young?
The negative is didn’t use to + the base Our company didn’t use to ask for advice from
form. the local markets. (But our company does now.)
b. Use the simple past, not used to, to talk
about complete actions in the past. The company made its sales goals last year.
NOT The company used to make its sales goals
last year.
The company made its sales goal for a decade.
NOT The company used to make its sales goals
for a decade.
The company made its sales goals three times.
NOT The company used to make its sales goals
three times.

Would
a. Would is followed by the base form of the In the past, companies would create one
verb. advertisement for all markets.

A time expression, such as in the past, In the past, we would meet for an hour every
shows the context for the action. Friday to talk about marketing techniques. (But
we don’t do that now.)

b. Would is only used for actions, not states.
c. Use the simple past, not would, to talk
about completed actions in the past.
Twenty years ago, many smaller companies
wouldn’t do a lot of marketing in other countries.
Usually, the president of our company would not
attend our weekly meetings.
In the past, companies were not sensitive to local
customs.
NOT In the past, companies wouldn’t be sensitive
to local customs.
The sales team attended a conference last week.
The sales team would attend a conference last
week.

17
 LEARNING ACTIVITIES

LESSON TWO:
Past Tenses

Activity 1. Simple Past or Past Progressive?

Directions: Read the paragraphs about the ceasefire campaign between Russia and Ukraine last Christmas
2022. Circle the correct form of simple past or past progressive verbs. Sometimes more than one answer is
possible. (1 point for each item)

Ukrainians and Russians (1) marked / were marking Orthodox Christmas on Saturday, as the 36-hour
ceasefire (2) ordered / was ordering by Russian President Vladimir Putin (3) ran / was running its course
with little sign the fighting had eased.

War (4) scarred / was scarring cities in eastern Ukraine (5) saw / was seeing no significant let-up in the combat.
AFP journalists in the town of Chasiv Yar south of the frontline city of Bakhmut (6) heard / was hearing heavy
artillery fire throughout much of Saturday morning.

The Russian defence ministry (7) was insisting / insisted its forces (8) were observing / observed the unilateral
ceasefire, which (9) was ending / ended at 11:00 pm in Kyiv (2100 GMT). But they also (10) were sayimg / said
they had repelled attacks in eastern Ukraine and (11) killed / was killing dozens of Ukrainian soldiers Friday.
Ukrainian authorities (12) were saying / said only three people had been killed on Friday.

In Moscow, the 70-year-old Putin (13) stood / was standing alone at a service at a Kremlin church, the Cathedral
of the Annunciation, to mark Orthodox Christmas.

In Kyiv, hundreds of worshippers (14) were attending / attended a service at the 11th-century Kyiv Pechersk
Lavra as Metropolitan Epifaniy, head of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, (15) was leading / led a liturgy in the
pro-Western country's most significant Orthodox monastery.

President Volodymyr Zelensky, in his evening address, said he was happy to see so many people attend the
service on a day that "has already become historic for Ukraine, for the spiritual independence of our people."

Past Perfect

Activity 2. Time Clauses and Combining Sentences

A. Directions: Below is a story of siblings who are separated for one reason or another and meet again as
adults. Read and complete the story. Circle the correct time word. Write the simple past or past perfect form
of the verbs in parentheses. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. (1 point for each item)

Glenn Mint and Bruce Matthews are brothers. They had never met until / after Glenn
_________ (start) working at the same company as Bruce. Bruce was surprised because the new employee
looked just like him. They started asking each other questions. Before / After they met, each
man________(know) that he had a sibling. Before / As soon as Glenn__________(discover) Bruce’s
birth date, he knew Bruce was his long-lost brother.
Quin Mara, 82, knew that she was adopted and that she had siblings, but she had never met them.
After / Until a relative___________(find) a family tree, Quin learned the names of her siblings and
started looking for them. Until / By the time she saw the family tree she __________(not/know) that
she was the youngest of nine children. As soon as / Before she ______(discover) that, she
began to look for her brothers and sisters. She was very happy because five of her siblings were still
alive. Before/After she__________(meet) them, she didn’t know that they had spent the last several
decades looking for each other.

18
B. Directions: Read the story about how the environment affects personality. Combine the sentences with
the time words in parentheses. Use the past perfect for the earlier event and the simple past for the later
event. Write your answers on the blanks given. (2 points for each answer)

1. Donny and Bell were acting for a few years. Then they agreed to be a loveteam.
(when)

2. Donny and Belle did not think much about how their fans loved them. Then they have first successful
movie together.
(until)

3. Donny and Bell didn’t have much experience about love. Then they became loveteam.
(before)

4. Donny and Bell became popular and loved by many. Then Donny and Bell became real life partner
and got married.
(after)

5. Donny and Bell were married for a years. Then they decided to have a baby.
(when) __

6. Bell realized that she was pregnat. Then she give up her carrier for her baby’s sake.
. (as soon as) _______________________________________________________________________________

7. Donny realized that showbiz carrier is not permanet as well. Then he decided to quit and focus
on business for his family.
(after)

8. Bell gave birth to her first son, Donielle. Donny and Bell know that they made the right decision.
(by the time)

Activity 4. Past Habitual

Directions: Complete part of a lecture on the history of radio and TV advertising. Use would and the
correct verbs in the boxes. Choose the verbs given in the box. (1 point for each item)

appear not use produce read manufacture

1. Many companies _____________entire radio programs in order to advertise their products.

2. Famous Hollywood stars of the day ________________on these programs.
3. In the early days of radio, radio stations _________ads that were on tape.
4. Instead, people performed the ads live. That is, an announcer _____________and advertisement on the air.

advertise buy create connect match

5. When television appeared, advertisers __________time during a TV program for their commercials.
6. They short, 10-second advertisements to show during these programs.
7. They ___________a program with viewers who were likely to buy their product.
8. For example, they______ laundry soap to housewives who stayed home and watched serial dramas
(“soap operas”) during the day.

19
 LESSON THREE
Voice of Verbs in Present/PastTenses

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. select the correct passive form of verbs to complete sentences; and
b. transform passive sentences to active sentences and vice versa.
c. identify and analyze the voice of verbs used in the sentences taken from a story;
d. edit the erroneous tense of verbs in the story and identify its voice form.

II. LEARNING CONTENT:

Voice of Verbs
Voice refers to the form of a verb that indicates when a grammatical subject performs the action or
isthe receiver of the action. When a sentence is written in the active voice, the subject performs the action;
in the passive voice, the subject receives the action. In academic writing, it is generally preferred to choose
an active verb and pair it with a subject that names the person or thing doing or performing the action. Active
verbs are stronger and usually more emphatic than forms of the verb “be” or verbs in the passive voice.

Active: The award-winning chef prepares each meal with loving care. Passive:

Each meal is prepared with loving care by the award-winningchef.

In the above example of an active sentence, the simple subject is “chef” and “prepares” is the verb: the
chef prepares “each meal with loving care.” In the passive sentence, “meal” is the simple subject and “is
prepared” is the verb: each meal is prepared “by the award-winning chef.” In effect, the object of the active
sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence. Although both sentences have the same basic
components, their structure makes them different from each other. Active sentences are about what people (or
things) do, while passive sentences are about what happens to people (or things).
A. Present Tenses
B. Past Tenses
A. Active Voice
B. Passive Voice

Active and Passive Voice

Using the Auxiliary Verb “Be”
The passive voice is formed by using a form of the auxiliary verb “be” (be, am, is, are, was, were,
being, been) followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Active Passive
He loves me. I am loved.
We took our children to the circus. The children were taken to the circus.
A thief stole my money. My money was stolen.
Notice how the “be” auxiliaries change the meaning of the verbs from action to condition or from
“doing” to “being.”
He remembers his grandmother. (“he” is doing an action: remembering)
His grandmother is remembered. (“she” is in a condition: being remembered)
In this way, the past participle functions very much like an adjective; it describes the subject.
The woman is pretty. She is a pretty woman
The woman is married. She is a married woman.

20
 Verb Tense Used in Active and Passive Voice
The following is a summary of active and passive forms of all verb tenses. Remember that in active
forms the subject of the sentence is the person or thing that does the action. In passive constructions,
the verb is performed by someone or something other than the subject; often, the action is done to
the subject by someone else.

A. Present Time/Tenses
1. Simple Present
Use the simple present tense to make a generalization, to present a state of being, or to indicate a
habitual or repeated action.
Active Passive
base form or “-s/-es” form am/is/are + past participle
Professor Brown teaches at Hunter. All humans are equal.
Sonia is taught by Professor Brown. All humans are created equal.
Maria eats in the cafeteria. The cafeteria is cleaned
2. Present Progressive
Use the present progressive to describe an ongoing activity or a temporary action.
Active Passive
am/is/are + -ing am/is/are + being + -ed/-en
The students are learning Spanish. Classes are being conducted in Spanish.
He is being hired to work at McDonald’s. I am working at McDonald’s until I finish school.
3. Present Perfect
Use the present perfect to describe an action occurring in the past but relevant to the present, or
extending to the present.
Active Passive
has/have + -ed/-en has/have + been + -ed/-en
Hunter has opened a language institute The language institute has been opened to
in East Harlem. relocate students off the main campus.

Hunter has offered E.S.L courses for E.S.L. courses have been offered since the
twenty years. beginning of Open Admissions.
Note:

21
Grammar Presentation
A passive sentence and active sentence have similar meanings, but the focus of the sentences is different.
In the passive sentence, the focus is on the action or on the person or thing receiving the action.

The president asked the employees to speak English. (active)

The employees were asked to speak English. (passive)

Passive Sentences with By + Agent

• In active sentences, the agent (or doer of the Agent Object
action) is in subject position. In passive sentences, People spoke English at the meeting. (active)
the object of the active sentence becomes the
subject. The word by comes before the agent.
English was spoken by the people at the
meeting. (passive)

• The agent is not always necessary. English was spoken at the meeting. (We
assumed people were doing the speaking.)

• Use the by + agent phrase if the agent is The Internet was dominated by English.
NOT The Internet was dominated. ( By
Important or if the meaning of the who or what?)
sentence.
B. Past Time/Tenses

1. Simple Past
Use the simple past to indicate a general or habitual action occurring in the past or at a specific time in the
past.

Active Passive
base + -ed or irregular form was/were + -ed/-en
Examples:
Our family bought all our clothes at Sears when The clothes were bought by my mother at Sears.
I was young
On my fifteenth birthday, my uncle gave me one The money was given to me to buy new clothes on my
hundred dollars fifteenth birthday.
When I was in high school, my friends and I drove We were always driven to the mall by my friend's
to the mall on weekends older brother.

2. Past Progressive
Use the past progressive to indicate an ongoing action in the past or an action continuing through a
specific past time.

Active Passive
was/were + -ing was/were + being + -ed/-en
Example:
The offficer was chasing a culprit one afternoon. One afternoon, a culprit was being chased by the
officer.
3. Past Perfect
Use the past perfect to indicate an action completed prior to a particular time or before another action
in the past.
Active Passive
had + -ed/-en had + been + -ed/-en
Example:
The officer had chased the burglar before he One afternoon, the burglar had been chased by the
could run away one afternoon. officer before he could run away.
4. Past Perfect Progressive
Use the past perfect progressive to indicate a continuing action that began before a past action or time.
22
 Active Passive
had + been + -ing had + been + being + -ed/-en
Example:
Larry had been eating sweetcorn for the whole Sweetcorn had been being eaten by Larry for the
day. whole day.
Mary had been trying to tell her mother about
Paul for a long time.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES

LESSON THREE:
Active and Passive Voice in the Present/Past Tenses

Present Time
Activity 1. Identification

Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the Present
Simple. Write your answer on the blanks provided. (1 point each item)

1. English ______________(speak) in many countries.

2. The past ______________(deliver) at about 7 o’clock every morning.
3. My salary _______________(pay) every month.
4. These cars ______________(not make) in Japan.
5. His expenses _______________(not pay) by his company

Activity 2. Transforming Sentences

Directions: Read analyze the sentences below. If the sentence is in passive voice transform it to active
voiceand vice versa. Write your answer on the space after each sentence. (1 point each item)

1. A song is sung by Jenny.

2. The novel is read by Tom in a day.
3. The match is won by our team.
4. The postman delivers letters.
5. I learn a lesson.

Past Time/Tense
Activity 3. Let’s Work This!
Directions:The underlined verbs are not in the correct past tense. Transform these sentences into their correct
past forms and underline the verbs used. After these sentences had been transformed, identify whether they are
active or passive and also identify the tenses of the verbs. Write the transformed sentences in the spaces
provided after each item. The voice and tenses should be written on the blanks that followed the given spaces.
(3 points for each item)

Examples: The engineers have been planning for the building’s blueprint for about two months now.

Answer: The engineers had been planning for the building’s blueprint for about two months now.
Active Past Perfect Progressive
1. We were not sure if the team has worked out during the spring.
____________________________________________________

2. You are following the advanced technology.

__________________________________________________________________________

3. I have submit the requirements.

______________________________________________________________________

23
 4. Cathy has been dating her boyfriend since last month.
________________________________________________________________________

5. This company has been running by a greedy CEO since 1960.

________________________________________________________________________

Activity 4. Read, Think, Identify and Edit!

Directions: There are twenty-five errors in the past tenses of the verbs in this short story in the active and
passive voice. Identify these errors by underlining them, after doing it, edit the verbs and rewrite the
sentences with the correct verb forms in the past tenses. The correctly changed sentences shall then be
identified as to their voices. Write your answers on the table given after below. (1 point each item)

Lisa returns home. She can not believe her eyes!

Her kids, Amy and Ben, are in the living room. They run around the big and expensive table and shout.
This game is enjoyed by them very much.

Lisa stands and looks at them. This is what she sees and hears:

Ben is asked to wait for Amy, but he does not wait. He continues to run. So Amy's request is changed. Now
Ben is asked to help Amy. Ben stops and Amy is helped. (Lisa is impressed!)

Now Lisa is invited to join them. "Yes, mummy! Come and join us!" Amy and Ben shout.

So Amy and Ben are joined by Lisa. They run and play. This game is enjoyed very much by all of them.
Amy kisses Ben. Ben kisses Amy. Then Lisa is kissed by her kids, too.

Now Lisa wants to rest, so she goes into her bedroom. But there are many things on her bed. They are
moved by the kids. A blanket is needed and Lisa receives it. She now sleeps in her bed. Amy and Ben are
at home, so they are protected by their loving mother.

But, wait! What is that terrible mess? Oh no, the big and expensive table is smashed! Well, the table is not
so protected.

Example:
Corrected sentences Voice of Verbs
1. Lisa returned home. Active

24
 Activity 5. Change, and Transform!

Directions: The verbs in the sentences below are not in the correct past tense. Change the following verbs into
past tense and transform the sentences into passive sentences. Write your answers on the blanks below.
(2 points for each item)

1. Thomas Edison invent the first gramophone many years ago.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Someone paint the office last week.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Several people see the accident earlier.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The librarian has closed the library when the students came.
_______________________________________________________________
5. Edgar Allan Poe write the narrative poem ‘’The Raven’’.
_____________________________________________________________________

LESSON FOUR
Asking Questions in the
Present/Past Tenses

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. arrange scrambled words to form sensible questions in the present tense;
b. transform the sentences into simple questions in the past perfect progressive;
c. supply the missing words in information questions;
d. correct the errors found in the past form of the tag questions;
e. write correct simple questions based on a short story provided as an example.

II. LEARNING CONTENT:

A. Simple Questions (Yes/No Questions)

B. Information Questions
C. Tag Questions
During this lesson you will learn how to ask questions using simple present tense. The first part of lesson
shows you how to use do and does. The next part of the lesson used question words beginning with wh- and
tag questions.
PRESENT TENSE
Examples of simple present tense
Do they live in Bangkok? = Yes, they do. Or if they don’t, no they don't.
Does Mr Bean live in London? = Yes, he does. I No, he doesn't.
Where + do/does + subjects + main A brief
verb answer
1: Do They Live In England Yes they do. No they don’t
- In Manchester
2: Where Do They Live?
-
3: Does Sarah Live In London Yes she does No she doesn’t
-
4: Where Does Sarah Live? In London
-
1. Yes/No Questions
(1) and (3) are called "yes/no questions." The answer to these questions can be as short as yes or no

25
2. Yes/No Questions
(2) and (3) are called "yes/no questions." The answer to these questions can be as short as yes or no.
3. Information Questions
(3) And (4) are called "information questions." The answer gives information that has been asked for.
Where asks for information about place.
Does is used in third person terms.
 Does she have a car?
 Does he work?
 Does he have a motorbike?
Simple present Questions using words that begin with wh-
The following words all begin with wh- and can be used to ask questions in simple present tense.
 Wh- + do / does + base verb
 Who do you look like? = I look like my sister.
 What does he want? = he wants to watch football.
 Where does she come from? = She comes from Thailand.
 When do you go to bed? = I go to bed at 11pm most nights.
 Why do you have 2 cars? = I need one for going to work and she needs one for taking the
children to school.
Examples of how to use in present simple questions in everyday life
Below is a list of examples of how to use present simple questions in everyday life

Sarah, what do you do for a living? = I’m an English teacher.

Do you teach only teach English? = No, sometimes I teach IT.
4. Tag Questions
Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement into a question. They are often used for checking
information that we think we know is true.
Tag questions are made using an auxiliary verb (for example: be or have) and a subject pronoun (for
example: I, you, she). Negative question tags are usually contracted: It's warm today, isn't it (not 'is itnot')

NOTE: Usually if the main clause is positive, the question tag is negative, and if the main clause is
negative, it's positive. For example: It's cold (positive), isn't it (negative)? And: It isn't cold (negative), is
it (positive)?
There is one weird exception: the question tag after I am is aren't I.
For example: I'm in charge of the food, aren't I?
Positive sentences, with negative tags
Present simple 'be' She's Italian, isn't she?
Present simple other verbs They live in London, don't they?
Present continuous We're working tomorrow, aren't we?
Present perfect They've been to Japan, haven't they?
Present perfect continuous She's been studying a lot recently, hasn't she?
Negative sentences, with positive tags
Present simple 'be' We aren't late, are we?
Present simple other verbs She doesn't have any children, does she?
Present continuous The bus isn't coming, is it?
Present perfect She hasn't eaten all the cake, has she?

Present perfect continuous He hasn't been running in this weather, has he?

PAST TENSE

1. “Yes/No” /Simple Questions

How to form yes/no questions?
The basic structure for yes/no questions looks like this:
[Auxiliary Verb] + [Subject] + [Main Verb] + [Object or Other Information] +?
26
Past simple examples
Use the past simple tense when you want to talk about actions that were completed in the past.
To do that, put the auxiliary in the past form (usually “did”).
 Did you say my name?
• Did the boss leave the meeting?
Careful: Exception! This is similar to the exception for the simple present. If the main verb of the sentence is some
form of “to be,” then put the simple past form of “to be” in the auxiliary position. Again, a second verb isn’t
necessary. For example:
 Were you ready?
• Was Jeremy at the group dinner last Thursday?
Past progressive examples
Use the past progressive when you want to talk about completed past actions that continued for a period of
time. To do this, use a past form of the verb “to be” for the auxiliary and the “-ing” form for the main verb.
 Were you talking to me?
• Was Theresa working yesterday at 4:00 p.m.?
Past perfect examples
Uses the auxiliary “had” plus the past participle of the verb. You can use the past perfect to show one event
that happened before another in the past. The earlier events use the past perfect and the more recent events
use the past simple. For example:
 Had you been to Canada before you moved there?
• Had your mother played any other sports before she joined the softball team?
Past perfect progressive examples
This is similar to the past perfect tense, but it indicates that the first action continued for a period of time. It
uses the auxiliary “had,” and the main verb = “been” + the “-ing” verb.
This is even less common than the regular past perfect tense, but you can still see how it uses the same
structure for yes/no questions:
a. Had you been studying English before you moved to Seattle?
b. Had the dog been acting strangely before you took him to the vet?

2. Information/ “Wh-” Questions

These are called “wh-” questions because they usually start with a question word that begins with the letters
“wh.” Sometimes they’re also called “open questions.” That’s because there are many more possible answers
than just yes/no.
Question words for “wh-” questions
Most question words actually do start with “wh-,” with the exception of “how.” Here’s a quick
review of the question words you should know and when to use them.
 What: Use “what” if you want information about an object or thing.
 Which: This is very similar to “what,” but generally use “which” if there are specific or limited
options to choose from.
 When: Use “when” if you want information about a time or date.
 Where: Use “where” if you want information about a place or location.
 Who: Use “who” if you want information about a person.
 Why: Use “why” if you want information about a reason or explanation for something.
Some “wh-” question words start with “how”:
 How: Use “how” if you want information about the way or technique to do something.
 How much: Use “how much” if you want information about quantities of nouns that aren’t
countable (like sugar, water, money, etc.).
 How many: Use “how many” if you want information about quantities of things are countable
(like people, bottles of water, dollars, etc.).
 How often: Use “how often” if you want information about the frequency of an event.
• Other uses for “how”: You can also use “how” plus an adjective (a descriptive word) if you
want information about the degree or amount of an adjective. Examples can include “how tall,”
“how beautiful,” “how young,” “how old” and many others.
How to form “wh-” questions
If you understand how to form yes/no questions, then it’s very easy to form “wh-” questions.
Generally, just add a question word/phrase to the beginning of a yes/no question.
The structure of a “wh- question” is usually like this:

[“Wh-” Question Word/Phrase] + [Auxiliary Verb] + [Subject] + [Main Verb] + [Object or Other
27
 Information] + ?

Past simple examples

 Why did you say my name?
 When did your parents go to the grocery store?
3. How did your cat catch the mouse?
Careful: Exception! If the main verb of the sentence is some form of “to be,” then a second verb usually isn’t
necessary. For example:
 When were you at work?
2. Why was your mom in Germany last week?
Past progressive examples
 Where were your children walking to yesterday?
2. Why were you talking to him after the interview?
Past perfect examples
 How many times had you been to Canada before you moved there?
2. Why hadn’t your mother played any other sports before she started softball?
Past perfect progressive examples
 How often had your mother been practicing softball before she joined the team?
 Why hadn’t she been working for the government before she ran for president?

3. Tag Questions
How do I form tag questions?
This can get complicated, but basically there are two parts: (1) the statement and (2) the tag.
If the statement is positive, the tag is negative:
You’ve seen the new “Star Wars” movie, haven’t you?
And if the statement is negative, the tag is positive.
You haven’t seen the new “Star Wars” movie yet, have you?
Here are a few examples:
1. That building was built last year, wasn’t it?
2. The car wasn’t in the garage, was it?
3. You will go to the party, won’t you?
If there is no auxiliary in the statement, you should use the form of the verb “to do” that matches the tense in
the statement in the tag. For example:
1. You like pizza, don’t you?
2. His uncle works in the airport, doesn’t he?

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

LESSON FOUR:
Asking Questions in the Present Tenses

Activity 1. Arranging Scrambled Words

A. Directions: The following words in the sentences need to be put in the correct order. Arrange the words
correctly to form sensible questions in the present tense. Write your answer on the blanks given. (1 point
each item)
1. Dinner have when you do your?
2. You your car do to school ride?
3. Do Sarah, living do you for a what?
4. Where work he does?
5. Talking who are to you? ___________________________________________
B. Unscramble the words and add do or does to make questions. Then write the answers on the blanks
beside the unscramble words.
1. what /you/celebration/ the best/like? __________________________________________
2. when/ it/ celebrate/ you/? __________________________________________
28
3. who/ it with/ you/ celebrate /? ________________________________________
4. what/ do/usually/she? ________________________________________
5. where/ we/ it/celebrate/? ________________________________________

Activity 2. Fill in the Blanks

A. Directions: The questions below are incomplete. Complete the questions with Who, What,
When, Where, or Why, How and Do or Does. Answers to the questions are already provided.
Write your answer on the blanks given (1 point each item)

1. people celebrate the Christmas? (at home)

2. ________________they celebrate the Christmas? (on December 25)
3. they remember during Christmas? (Jesus Christ)
4. people celebrate Christmas? (giving gifts)
5. they need to celebrate Christmas? (because Jesus Christ was born)
B. Directions: The sentences below are incomplete. Add a tag question in present tense to these sentences
to make them a question.Write your answer on the blanks provided. (1 point each item)

1. He is late this morning, ?

2. The hotel is quite good, ?
3. She cooks well, ?
4. You can’t tell the difference, ?
5. You’re coming with us, ?

Asking Questions in the Past Tenses

Activity 3. Let’s Work This!
A. Directions: The questions below are incomplete. Read them and complete the gaps with did, was, or
were. Write your answer on the blanks provided. (1 point for each answer)

1) _____________ you do your assignment last night?

2) _____________ you making the memo for us?
3) _____________ she waiting for you?
4) _____________they win the tournament?
5) _____________ I do something wrong?
B. Directions: Read the sentences below and complete them using the past perfect progressive tense of the
verbs which are located inside the parentheses. After completing the sentences, transform these sentences into
simple questions in the past perfect progressive. Note that some answers/questions must be in their negative
versions. Make sure that the sentences are properly punctuated. Write your answer on the blanks provided. (1
point for each answer)

1. Kathryn_______________for several years before she became famous. (act)

Question: ________________________________________________________________
2. They_____________for over a minute before Trishia arrived. (not/ eat)
Question: _________________________________________________________________
3. The team________________volleyball for three months but they still wasn’t ready.(practice)
Question: _________________________________________________________________
4. Joan well before game. (not/feel)
Question: ____________________________________________________________________
5. At last we saw the movie that everyone about. (talk)
Question: ____________________________________________________________________

Activity 4. Let’s Answer!

A. Directions: Below are information questions that has missing question word. Supply the missing question
word to make the question in past tense complete. Use the question words in the parentheses. Write the answer
on the blanks provided. (1 point for each item)
1. (Who, What, How) ___________ did you think the burglar was?
29
2. (Why, How, When)___________ long you been there?
3. (When, Why, What) __________ had the girl been eating the whole day?
4. (Why, Who, What) __________were you asking me some questions?
5. (Who, What, How) __________was she talking about?
B. Directions: The tag questions below contain errors. Find and correct the mistakes in the questions accordingly.
Note that these questions should be in their past forms. Rewrite the questions in the blank provided and do not
forget to underline the verb used in the statement and the correct tag. (1 point for each answer)

1. You ate breakfast earlier this morning, hadn’t you?

__________________________________________________________________
2. You weren’t listening, did you?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Ana was singing the beautiful song while the bride walked in the isle, was she?
__________________________________________________________________
4. He didn’t know how to swim, does he?
__________________________________________________________________
5. She were a policewoman, isn’t she?
__________________________________________________________________

Activity 5. Let’s Read and Create!

Directions: Below is an inspiring short story. Read the short story and create correct simple questions (2
questions in simple past, 2 questions in past progressive, and 2 questions in past perfect) and 2 tag questions
in the past tenses.Write your answer on the space provided and do not forget to underline the auxiliary verb
and the main verb in each created question. (2 points for each answer)

The Obstacle in our Path

There once was a very wealthy and curious king. This king had a huge boulder placed in the middle of a road.
Then he hid nearby to see if anyone would try to remove the gigantic rock from the road.

The first people to pass by were some of the king’s wealthiest merchants and courtiers. Rather than moving it,
they simply walked around it. A few loudly blamed the King for not maintaining the roads. Not one of them
tried to move the boulder.

Finally, a peasant came along. His arms were full of vegetables. When he got near the boulder, rather than
simply walking around it as the others had, the peasant put down his load and tried to move the stone to the side
of the road. It took a lot of effort but he finally succeeded.

The peasant gathered up his load and was ready to go on his way when he saw a purse lying in the road where
the boulder had been. The peasant opened the purse. The purse was stuffed full of gold coins and a note from the
king. The king’s note said the purse’s gold was a reward for moving the boulder from the road.

The king showed the peasant what many of us never understand: every obstacle presents an opportunity to
improve our condition. -End of the story-

Example: Did the king place a huge boulder in the middle of the road?
Simple past:
1. ___________________________________________________________?
2. ___________________________________________________________?
Past progressive:
1. ___________________________________________________________?
2. ___________________________________________________________?
Past perfect:
1. ___________________________________________________________?
2. ___________________________________________________________?
Tag question:
1. _________________________________________________________________?
2. _________________________________________________________________?

30
 SELF-REFLECTION
Directions: Below are emoji that represent what you felt about the lessons. Tick the box that corresponds your
emoji and do not forget to write a short explanation in the space provided..

“How do you feel about the lessons?”

Great. I understand and can explain it to others.

Pretty good! I get it.

Okay…I need some help.

Not so good…the lessons are hard. I need help right away.

_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
__
References _
Internet:

Grammar and Mechanics: Active and Passive Voice

Retrieved from: (http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/rwc/repository/files/grammar-and-mechanics/verb-
system/Active-and-Passive-Voice.pdf)
Learning simple present tense asking information questions with words beginning wh- (Retrieved from:
https://www.easypacelearning.com/all-lessons/grammar/249-simple-present-asking-questions-english-lesson)
Present Progressive Tense
Retrieved from: (https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_progressive_tense.htm)
Present Perfect Tense
Retrieved from: (https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_perfect_tense.htm)
Simple Present Tense
Retrieved from: (https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_present_tense.htm)
Grammar and Beyond by Blass, L. et. al
Macmillan English Grammar in Context by Simon Clarke
Habitual Past (Grammar) by Richard Nordquist
Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/habitual-past-grammar-1690829
Tag Questions
Retrieved from: (https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/tag-questions.html)
English Grammar-Tag Questions
Retrieved from: (https://www.eslbase.com/grammar/tag-questions)
Short Story
Retrieved from: 12 https://www.livin3.com/5motivational-and-inspiring-short-stories
Book
English Plus- A Communicative Approach by Ida Yap Patron

~End of Module Three~

31


32