Chapter I o – personality that can create a winning

An Overview of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry goodwill and respect;

o having friendly and welcoming
The Tourism and Hospitality Industry demeanor that makes the guest feel
- development of personality is crucial. comfortable and valued
- Many qualifications like height requirements and o – involves maturity, capability of making
age limits positive impressions, and ability to
- These lodging accommodations offer food and handle different people in different
bed at a specific cost. situations.
o Motel - Personality Development
o Hotel o – very significant because it opens a
o Apartment person’s world to the reality of other
o Inn people’s points of view.
o Resort
- home to diverse career opportunities.
- Hospitality establishments Chapter II
o Tourism attractions and destinations The Impact of Our Image
o Recreation, leisure, and sports
management Image
o Cruises, airlines, and other types of - Physical likeness or representation of a person;
transportation - a personality that a person wants to convey, or
o Restaurants and commercial food what is being shown to other people.
services - reproduction of yourself as seen by other people,
o Wellness and spa management or a mental picture of how others perceived you.
o Meeting and event planning - One of the basis when you apply for a job
o Resorts and hotels o Your image will greatly affect the way
- The need of the Industry you represent your company.
o Vast industry – tremendous o Your image will reflect not only who you
opportunities await for people who are, but also what your company is.
enjoy working with people. o Note also that a single mistake because
o Characteristics of the right people in the of the image you portray with the guests
industry you interact with will create a big impact
▪ Articulate both in English and on the company.
Filipino languages, some foreign - Image Types:
language is desirable (Mandarin, o Authoritative
Nihongo, etc.) ▪ Capable for leadership;
▪ Strong business foundation and ▪ Someone who could command
customer service skills his members, or
▪ Well-organized ▪ someone who has a personality
▪ Highly trainable of being strong and confident.
▪ Highly focused o Masculine
▪ Professional ▪ Guy who is manly in his ways.
▪ Self-starter ▪ The way he acts, talks, walks,
▪ Guest focus and behaves.
▪ Able to deal with various types o Feminine
of guests ▪ Characteristic related to a
▪ Strong leadership skills and woman.
strategic planning ▪ a woman should look and be
▪ Excellent interpersonal and respected as a woman having
motivating communications attributes of a being a lady.
skills o Businesslike
▪ Patient ▪ Image possessing the
▪ With STRONG/ PLEASING characteristics of a
PERSONALITY businessman;
▪ confident, serious type, and in
Importance of Leadership and Personality Development suit or business attire.
- Leadership
o – checked with the way they present
themselves and by considering the way Chapter III
they handled their past job experiences The Nature and Characteristics of Personality
o – important to be taught; managing
one’s self, doing responsibilities, and Human Nature
disciplining yourself. - concept that there is an asset of inherent
- Pleasing Personality distinguishing characteristics including ways of
 thinking, feeling, and acting that humans tend to
have.
- Have mental, physical, spiritual, and emotional
bodies that makes us unique
- Independent and responsible for our own lives
- Self-centered because our lives are valuable to us
Nature of Personality
- Refers to the total person, the expression of what
you are and what you do, the core of each
individual, and even the product of all the
responses that are expressed in everyday living
- Includes the things that you say and think; the
way one
- Total package of a person
- In professional setting, Personality is the
greatest requirement in the success or failure of
an employee.
- Determinants of Personality
o Heredity – physical characteristics are
inherited
o Environment – person’s relation with
the environment wherein a person
adopts the attitude/characteristics
whom the person interacts from
childhood to adulthood
o Experience – act based on the
experiences we encountered
- Characteristics of Personality
o Psychological and physiological
▪ Personality is built through
combination of psychological
and biological processes
o Behaviors and Actions
▪ Personality is reflected on how
you talk, act and behave
o Various Expressions
▪ Feelings, thoughts, and other
social interactions is what type
of person you are
o Consistency
▪ Action of a person in the same
way in different circumstances
or consistent behavior
- How well have you come to know yourself?
o Try to write down things you know well
about yourself
o Try to take personality and psychological
test
o Understand people’s perception of you
o Keep on learning who you are
- How well have you come to accept yourself?
o Discard outdated childhood evaluations
o Develop a holistic view of yourself
o Work in progress
o Stop beating yourself up
o Forgive
Chapter IV
Overview of Personality Development
Psychological Aspects of Human Development
- Human development was broken down into
specific stages by most theorists.
- Progressive; meaning you must pass through
one stage before heading to the next.
- Responding To Change Over Following A Plan
Motor and Cognitive Development
- Motor = Mobility
- Cognitive = mind
Developmental Stages of One’s Personality
- Infants (0-2 year old)
o According to Jean Piaget, their journey
begin to Sensory Motor Stage
Development, from the time of birth, up
to two years of age.
o start out by first learning to crawl, walk,
and clumsily as may appear during the
beginning.
- Toddlers (2-6 year old )
o Child absorbs information from the
adults
- Adolescence (7-12 year old)
o Stage of emotional and physical
development known as Puberty
o Physical changes
- Teens (13-19 year old)
o begin to explore these newfound
physical and psychological sensations,
sex
- Adulthood (20 year old and beyond)
o period of physical and psychological
stabilization.
o Use old experiences to stabilize/build
confidence
Erik Erikson
- Psychologist, who developed a theory of human
development that consists of eight stages.
- Psycho – way of thinking inner self/selves
- Social – society = way of interacting with people
Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Trust vs Mistrust (birth – 18 months)
o Most fundamental stage in psychological
development.
o the core development of trust is based
on the dependability and quality of the
child’s parents.
o a child, develops trust through an
attachment to a parental figure.
- Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (18 months – 3
years old)
o One develops a greater sense of
personal control.
o Autonomy – children’s ability to decide
him/herself
o Shame and Doubt – reprimand ang bata
- Initiative vs Guilt (3-5 years old)
o begins to interact with other children.
o some children begin to assert
dominance (leadership skills)
- Industry vs Inferiority (5-11 years old)
o children begin to develop the need for
self-gratification
- Identity vs Confusion (12-18 years old)
o they learn more about themselves as a
person.
 o Sexual orientation needing of more
guidance from parents
- Intimacy vs Isolation (18-40 years old)
o explore the twists and turns of
interpersonal relationships.
o Develop close commitment or
relationships
- Generativity vs Stagnation (40-65 years old )
o Stage that focuses on fulfillment
o Generating to leave a mark or not
moving forward
- Ego Integrity vs Despair (65 years old to death)
o When we confront the realization of our
own mortality
o Reminisce/ satisfaction of the love they
live
Sigmund Freud
- Austrian neurologist
- founder of psychoanalysis.
- developed a theory of psychosexual
development that proposed that children go
through five distinct stages of development, each
of which is characterized by a different focus of
sexual energy.
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
- Oral
o Oral pleasure/ pleasure is found through
mouth/ sucking
o Oral Fixation – persons have
overindulgence/ deprivation of oral
pleasures
- Anal
o Pleasure is focused on eliminating feces
o “potty training”
o Anal Fixation – perfection, obsessive
compulsive behavior with cleanliness
- Phallic
o develop an unconscious sexual desire for
a parental figure/opposite sex
o Oedipus Complex – male child to
mom/female or “mama’s boy”
o Elektra Complex – female daughter to
father/male or “papa’s girl”; made by
Carl Jung
- Latency
o Sexual urges are repressed
o Same sex peers interact and play
o Latency Fixation – low self-esteem
- Genital
o Begins on the onset of puberty (person’s
sexual urges for the first time become
active)
o Libido/sexual energy
o Genital Fixation – difficulty to
intercourse
Chapter V
The Intellectual Attributes of Personality
Memory
- has the capacity to store and recall information
The Human Storage Capacity
- Human Mind - capacity to remember sensory
input through our immediate senses
- Human Operating System - chooses consciously,
subconsciously, and unconsciously, which to
store and where to file information, the human
memory does not discard.
- Some techniques to use to augment our
retention capability:
o Repetition
▪ Help us remember as this makes
the subject matter needed to be
a recalled routine.
o Automatic Recollection
▪ process of retrieving
information from memory
without conscious effort.
▪ responsible for many of the
memories that we access on a
daily basis.
o Visualization and association
▪ organize your thoughts by
picturing
▪ for example where you last saw
an item or a thing like your keys.
- Where to Look – Retrieval
o Short-term Memory – information that
is new and stands ready to be used.
o Long-term Memory - short-term
memory converted and saved for future
reference.
o bio-electro-chemical brain needs to
index each memory in order to know
how and where to retrieve it.
Forget-Me-Not
- Difference between human and computer
memory
o how information is stored.
o Computers- index point to specific
locations where the file is stored.
o For humans - series of cues or
“reminders” to trigger a mnemonic
episode in order to retrieve a file or in
this case a memory.
- three distinct memory capabilities of humans.
o Sensory memory - information we
receive through the sense
o Short-term memory - takes over when
the information in our sensory memory
is transferred to our consciousness or
our present field of awareness.
o Long-term memory - memory is
relatively permanent and practically
seems unlimited in terms of its storage
capacity.
- Information is perceived in the following ways:
o Primary - remember the first items in a
list or string of information more easily
than the items in the middle.
o Recency - remember the last items in a
list or string of information more easily
than the items in the middle.
o Distinctiveness - something really rouses
our attention, then the memory of that
 incident becomes so profound that it
becomes or seems too impossible to
forget.
o Frequency - memories are attributed to
recurring incidents that happen around
us, sort of like the routine.
o Association - fact trying to associate or
attribute an event or memory to make
one remember.
o Reconstruction - when one tries to piece
together a string of events, like filling in
the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.

Forgetting
- counterpart of remembering
- If one is a keen observer, as much as we do
remember, we forget even more.
- Although we forget, it is in actuality, a pretty
natural phenomenon.
- Too many reasons are there that we forget things
and often these reasons overlap. At some other
times, the information may get there but is lost

Intelligence
- All humans have distinct abilities, or in other
words, intelligence and this is quantifiable.
- This means that we can assign a score to
intelligence where the majority of people fall in
the average range and the percentage of the
population decreases farther from the middle
their score gets.
- Three Types of Intelligence:
o analytical intelligence – the ability to
solve a problem by looking at its
components.
o creative intelligence – the ability to use
new or ingenious ways to solve
problems.
o practical intelligence – also called street
smarts or common sense.

State of Mind
- There are too many external and internal factors
affecting how we think, feel and behave.
- Gaining the ability to FOCUS your mind and
RELAX your body can benefit your state of mind
in an abundance of ways.
- Studies have shown that being too tense and/ or
living with too much stress has a significant
negative impact on your life.
o This can lead to physical illnesses such as
high blood pressure, ulcers, fatigue and
headaches and many psychological
issues
o It may include inappropriate or
misdirected emotions, confusion,
difficulty concentrating, and worst job
burn-out.
- the hospitality industry, one of the main
concerns of professionals in this field is the
concept of STRESS and especially how to deal
with it.