LEARNING MODULE IN INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

𝕸𝖔𝖉𝖚𝖑𝖊 3
JAIL AND PRISON

🅾🅱🅹🅴🅲🆃🅸🆅🅴🆂:

1. Explain the difference of a prison and a jail.

2. Distinguish prisoners from the status of their cases and their penalties
3. Discuss the importance of jails to inmates.

LESSON 1 JAIL VS. PRISON

PRISON
- Penitentiary an institution for the imprisonment (incarceration) of person convicted of major /serious
crimes
- A building usually with cells, or other places established for the purpose of taking safe custody or
confinement of criminals
- A place of confinement for those charged with or convicted of offenses against the laws of the land.

JAIL
- Jail an institution for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition of their criminal
cases and also for the service of those convicted and punished with shorter sentences usually up to
three years.
- It is a place for locking up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses.

NOTE: The population of jail and prison including penal farms and penal colonies except
the personnel are called inmates; prisoners with exception of jails whose inmates are
undergoing trial of their respective cases are also called detainees.

TYPES OF JAILS
The modern jail system falls into 3 general classes.
1. The Lock-up
- This is a security facility usually operated by police department for the temporary detention
of persons held for investigation or awaiting preliminary hearing.
2. The Jail
- It houses both offenders awaiting court action and those sentenced, up to three (3) years. A
facility available for the detention of juvenile offenders and for the care of the non-criminal
insane pending commitment to the state of psychopath hospital.
3. The Workhouse Jail-farm or Camp
- This is an institution that house minimum custody offenders serving short sentence, usually
not more than three (3) years. Like jails, they are operated by city police department or by
the provincial jail administrator
GENERAL CATEGORIES OF INMATES
a. Prisoner - inmate who is convicted by final judgment; and
b. Detainee - inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or awaiting final judgment

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES

1. DETENTION INMATES/DETAINEES
✓ Those undergoing investigation
✓ Those awaiting or undergoing trial
✓ Those awaiting final judgment

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2. SENTENCED INMATES / PRISONERS

✓ Offenders who are committed to the jail or prison in order to serve their sentence after final
conviction by a competent court
✓ Prisoners under the jurisdiction of penal institution

3. INMATES WHO ARE ON SAFEKEEPING

✓ Includes non – criminal offenders who are detained in order to protect the community against
their harmful behavior. Example: mentally deranged individuals, insane person
✓ Safekeeping is the temporary custody of a person or the detention of a person for his own
protection or care, to secure from liability to harm injury or danger.

INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

a. High Profile Inmate
b. High Risk Inmate
c. High Value Target (HVT)
d. Security Threat Group
e. Subversive Group
f. Violent Extremist Offender (VEO)
g. Medium Risk Inmates
h. Minimum Risk Inmates (Ordinary Inmates)

WHEN JUDGMENT OF CONVICTION BECOMES FINAL:

1. After the lapse of perfecting an appeal which is 15 days upon promulgation of judgment
2. When the sentence has been partially or totally satisfied or served
3. When the accused expressly waives in writing his right to appeal
4. When the accused applies for probation

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS

1. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS

✓ Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment.
Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment cited above but appealed the judgment
and unable to file a bond for their temporary liberty.

2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS
✓ Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 5
years or a fine not more than 1,000 pesos or both; those detained therein waiting for
preliminary investigation of their cases cognizable by the RTC.

3. CITY PRISONERS
✓ Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a fine of not more
than 1,000 pesos or both. Those detained therein whose cases filed with the MTC.

4. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS
✓ Those confined in municipal jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6 months. Those
detained therein whose trials of their cases are pending with the MTC.

PRISONERS/DETAINEE: Defined a prisoner/detainee is a person committed to jail/prison by a competent

court or authority for any of the following reasons: (a) To serve a sentence after conviction, (b) Trial and (c)
Investigation.
How to consider a Person committed to Jail or Prison?
1. Consider him as a human being.
2. Consider him as a dangerous person.
3. Consider him always as dangerous person.
4. Always search a person committed to jail/prison.
a. look for contraband/s
b. to look for dangerous weapons he may use to kill himself or others.

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c. To look for evidence for the commission of another offense.

Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________
Course & Year: ___________________________

(Module 3 – Lesson 1)

Instruction: Explain the difference of Jail and Prison by completing the table below.

JAIL vs. PRISON

As to term of Penalty:

As to inmates

As to Administration

As to Head of the
Institution

(Module 3 – Lesson 1)

Instruction: Distinguish the classification of the following prisoners from the status of their
cases and their penalties.

___________________1. A prisoner detained at provincial jail and sentenced by lower courts to prison
terms exceeding three (3) years, whether or not he/she has appealed.
___________________2. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years
___________________3. A person sentenced for violation of customs law or other laws within the
jurisdiction of Bureau of Customs or enforceable by it.
___________________4. A prisoner sentenced to not more than one (1) year
___________________5. A prisoner sentenced to one (1) year and one (1) day to not more than three (3)
years
___________________6. A person committed to the BuCor by a court or competent authority for
temporary confinement
___________________7. A prisoner sentenced to a fine of more than five thousand pesos
___________________8. A prisoner sentenced to serve two (2) or more prison sentences in the aggregate
exceeding the period of three (3) years
___________________9. A person sentenced for violation of immigration and election laws
___________________10. A person convicted of violation of municipal ordinance.

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LESSON 2 IMPORTANCE OF JAIL

Jail are intended for the purpose of letting one, pay for a crime he committed, or to serve as a form
of punishment of sorts, but to; enable the wrongdoer to be reformed and rehabilitated so that after his
release he will become a law abiding and useful citizen in the community.
Halfway House
These are group of homes designed to help institutionalized people adjust to life in the outside
community. Individual halfway houses typically serve 15 to
30 residents at any given time and their programs are
structured differently according to institutions prisons,
psychiatric hospitals, or substance abuse treatment
facilities. Halfway houses for psychiatric patients in the US
proliferated in the 1960’s, in part due to a popular reaction
against long-term institutionalization of mental patients.
Concurrently, penal expert began to see a need for
“transitional facilities” for long-term prisons. It is difficult to
estimate how many halfway houses are there in US, but
they number in thousands.
Furloughs
These are short term escorted or unescorted trips away from the prison, granted so that the inmates
can find jobs or housing prior to release; participate in treatment or religious programs, recreation or
shopping; or strengthen family ties. They are different from release for emergency purposes, which are only
granted to inmates for serious family illness or death.
Conjugal Visits
Conjugal visits are offered to inmates under the care of Bureau of Correction. However, there are
strict guidelines and procedures. Conjugal visits are only allowed to eligible legally married inmates. The
spouse of the inmates must provide proof of marriage.
Inmates that qualify for conjugal visits are those that are “A” or “B” custody (minimum custody
levels) and maintain an acceptable level of good behaviour. In addition, eligible inmates cannot cannot
have rule violation report (a report that is written after a rule is broken such as fighting, swearing, etc.) in
the last 6 months.
Inmates that are identified to be at risk of transmitting HIV or any other sexually transmitted disease
to a non-infected person are not eligible for conjugal visits. Inmates are given one hour for a conjugal visit
and provide with the following items: soap, condoms, tissue, sheets, pillowcase, face towel and a bath
towel. The inmate and spouse are search before and after each visit for security reasons.
Shakedown:
A search of a cell, work area, or person. The most common complaint by a prisoner is that property
is lost, destroyed, or left scattered after the search.
Greyhound:
Searches on offenders and visitors entering the jail facilities are religiously conducted to prevent
entry of a contraband and other deadly weapons and to ensure the safety and security of offenders, visitors
and personnel. No one is allowed to pass the gate without being subjected to body search and inspection.

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Name: __________________________________ Schedule: ____________

Course & Year: ___________________________

(Module 3 – Lesson 2)

Instruction: Explain /answer briefly but substantially the following statements/questions. Write it in
a long bond paper. Write legibly and as much as possible avoid erasures. (60 points)

1. Discuss further the role of halfway house to inmates?

2. Elaborate the importance of having furlough as a privilege to inmates?

3. In your own opinion, why does conjugal visits are offered to inmates?

Rubric
INDICATORS 8 6 4 2 Score
IDEAS & There is clear, well Main idea is clear, Main idea is The main idea is not
CONTENT focused topic. Main but the supporting somewhat clear, but clear. There is seemingly
idea stands out and information is there is a need for random collection of
is supported by general supporting information
detailed information information
ORGANIZATION Details are placed in Details are placed Some details are Many details are not in a
a logical order, and in a logical order, not in a logical logical order. There is
the way they are but the way in order, and this little evidence that the
presented effectively which they are distracts the reader writing is organized
keeps the interest of presented
the reader sometimes makes
the writing less
interesting
GRAMMARS & Writer makes no Writer makes error/s in
SPELLING errors in grammar grammar or spelling
or spelling
Total Score

REFERENCES
Mays, G.L. & Winfree L.T. (1998). Contemporary Corrections. California:
Wardsworth.
Siege, L. J., & Worrall, J. L. (2016) Essentials of Criminal Justice (10th ed.).
Asia: Cengage Learning.

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