PRESSURE-PAPER-4-SET-1-QP-MS

1 An archaeologist is investigating a shipwreck and discovers a wooden box on the seabed.

surface of sea

NOT TO
SCALE
15 m

m
lid

co
wooden box
0.80 m

s.
1.2 m

e
rc
Fig. 4.1

u
5
so
The dimensions of the lid of the box are 1.2 m by 0.80 m and the pressure of the atmosphere
is 1.0 × 10 Pa. The lid is 15 m below the surface of the sea.
re
3
(a) The density of sea-water is 1020 kg / m .
m

Calculate

(i) the pressure on the lid of the box due to the sea-water,
xa
te
ar
m

pressure = ................................................................. [2]

.s

(ii) the total pressure on the lid,

w
w
w

pressure = ................................................................. [1]

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 (iii) the downward force that the total pressure produces on the lid.

force = ................................................................. [2]

m
(b) The force needed to open the lid is not equal to the value calculated in (a)(iii).

co
Suggest two reasons for this.

s.
1. .......................................................................................................................................

e
...........................................................................................................................................

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2. .......................................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................................... [2]
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2 All the sides of a plastic cube are 8.0 cm long. Fig. 3.1 shows the cube.

8.0 cm

m
co
s.
Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

e
The mass of the cube is 0.44 kg.

rc
(a) Explain what is meant by mass.

u
...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) (i)
so
Calculate the density of the plastic from which the cube is made.
re
m
xa

density = ...........................................................[2]
te

(ii) The density of one type of oil is 850 kg / m3.

ar

State and explain whether the cube floats or sinks when placed in a container of this oil.
m

...........................................................................................................................................
.s

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
w

(c) On the Moon, the weight of the cube is 0.70 N.

w

(i) Calculate the gravitational field strength on the Moon.

w

gravitational field strength = ...........................................................[2]

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 (ii) In a laboratory on the Moon, the plastic cube is held stationary, using a clamp, in a
beaker of the oil of density 850 kg / m3.

The arrangement is shown in Fig. 3.2.

clamp

cube

m
co
3.0 cm clamp

s.
stand
oil

e
bench

u rc
Fig. 3.2
so
The lower face of the cube is 3.0 cm below the surface of the oil.
re
Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the pressure due to the oil on the lower face of the
cube.
m
xa
te
ar

pressure = ...........................................................[2]
m

[Total: 8]
.s
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3 Fig. 4.1 shows a balloon filled with helium that is used to lift measuring instruments to a great
height above the Earth’s surface.

m
co
Fig. 4.1

(a) Explain, in terms of momentum, how the atoms of helium produce a force on the wall of the

s.
balloon.

e
...................................................................................................................................................

rc
...................................................................................................................................................

u
...................................................................................................................................................
so
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
re
(b) At ground level, the pressure of the helium in the balloon is 1.0 × 105 Pa. The volume occupied
by the helium is 9.6 m3.
m

The balloon is released and it rises quickly through the atmosphere. The volume occupied by
the helium increases, but the temperature of the helium may be assumed to stay constant.
xa

(i) Explain, in terms of the helium atoms in the balloon, why the pressure in the balloon is
smaller than at ground level.
te

...........................................................................................................................................
ar

...........................................................................................................................................
m

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
.s

(ii) Calculate the pressure of the helium when it occupies a volume of 12 m3.
w
w
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pressure = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

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4 Fig. 5.1 shows some gas trapped in a metal cylinder by a piston.

metal cylinder

piston

gas

m
Fig. 5.1

co
(a) The position of the piston is fixed. The cylinder is moved from a cold room to a warm room.

s.
Explain, in terms of molecules, what happens to the pressure of the gas in the cylinder.

e
...................................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]
m

(b) The piston is now released. It moves to the right and finally stops.
xa

Explain these observations in terms of the pressure and the volume of the gas in the cylinder.
te

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
.s

[Total: 6]
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5 Fig. 2.1 shows a measuring cylinder that contains a coloured liquid.

cm3

100
90
80
70

m
60
50

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40 h
30

s.
20
X
10

e
0

rc
Fig. 2.1

u
so
The measuring cylinder contains 82 cm3 of the liquid. The density of the liquid is 950 kg / m3.

(a) Calculate the mass of the liquid.

re
m
xa

mass = ...........................................................[3]
te

(b) The height h of the liquid in the measuring cylinder is 0.094 m.

(i) Calculate the pressure due to the liquid at point X in Fig. 2.1.
ar
m
.s
w
w

pressure = ...........................................................[2]
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 (ii) The true pressure at point X is different from the value calculated in (b)(i).
Explain why.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) A small object is made of steel. It is placed level with the top surface of the liquid in the
measuring cylinder and then released. The object sinks in this liquid.

m
(i) Explain why the object sinks in this liquid.

co
...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

s.
(ii) Describe how the volume of the object can now be determined.

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...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

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.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]
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6 On a particular day, the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa. A bubble of gas forms at a point
5.0 m below the surface of a lake. The density of water is 1000 kg / m3.

(a) Determine

(i) the total pressure at a depth of 5.0 m in the water,

m
co
pressure = ...........................................................[3]

(ii) the pressure of the gas in the bubble.

e s.
rc
pressure = ...........................................................[1]

u
so
(b) As the bubble rises to the surface, the mass of gas in the bubble stays constant. The
temperature of the water in the lake is the same throughout.
re
Explain why the bubble rises to the surface and why its volume increases as it rises.

...................................................................................................................................................
m

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................[3]

[Total: 7]
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7 (a) A microscope that produces a very high magnification is used to observe the Brownian motion
of smoke particles in air.

Fig. 5.1(a) shows the apparatus used with the microscope. Fig. 5.1(b) represents the view
through the microscope and shows one of the smoke particles being observed.

smoke
particle
microscope

m
co
air molecules
light and

s.
smoke particles

e
Fig. 5.1(a) Fig. 5.1(b)

rc
(i) On Fig. 5.1(b), draw a possible path for the smoke particle. [2]

u
(ii) Describe how air molecules cause the smoke particle to follow the observed path.
so
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................[2]
xa

(b) Fig. 5.2 shows a volume of gas in a cylinder.

te

piston
gas air at
ar

atmospheric
pressure
m
.s

Fig. 5.2
w

The piston in the cylinder is free to move. The piston moves to the left when the temperature
of the gas is decreased.
w

Explain, in terms of the molecules of the gas, why this happens.

w

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

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