R

K A
O E
 Korea
North Korea’s official name is the
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
(DPRK) Korea is divided into two countries

South Korea's official name is the

Republic of Korea (ROK). This is
because its government asserts
control over all of Korea and does not
recognize North Korea as a separate
nation.
Electronics, telecommunications,
automobile production, chemicals,
shipbuilding, and steel production are
the main industries in South Korea.
 History of Korea
The history of the Korean nation began in Manchuria
and the Korean Peninsula when people started settling
there 700,000 years ago.
 History of Korea
In Korea, the Neolithic Age began around 8,000 BCE.
People started farming, cultivating cereals such as
millet, and used polished stone tools. They started
settling down permanently in places and formed clan
societies. One of the most representative features of
the Neolithic Age is comb-patterned pottery, examples
of which have been found in Korean Peninsula,
including in Amsadong, Seoul, in Namgyeong,
Pyongyang, and in Suga-ri, Gimhae.
 History of Korea
The Bronze Age started around the 10th century BCE on
the Korean Peninsula and the 15th century BCE in
Manchuria. Historic sites associated with the Bronze
Age are found in Liaoning and Jilin provinces, China and
across the Korean Peninsula. With the development of
the Bronze Age culture, a society emerged in which the
head of a clan exercised great influence. The strongest
clan leaders started merging many clans into one, and
these groups very gradually developed into early states.
 History of Korea
The tribes that played a central role in the establishment of
Gojoseon, which emerged as the first recognizable state of the
Korean people, believed in the King of Heaven and worshipped
bears, respectively. The two factions jointly upheld Dangun
Wanggeom as their chief priest and political leader. Gojoseon
fostered an independent culture in Liaoning, China and along
the Daedonggang River. By the 3rd century BCE, kings such as
King Bu and King Jun had become powerful and bequeathed
the throne to their sons. They established a solid system of
rule, backed by high-ranking retainers and military officers.
 History of Korea
Towards the end of the 3rd century, the Qin dynasty was replaced by the Han
dynasty in China, creating a period of social upheaval. Many people moved
southward to Gojoseon. Their leader, Wiman, acceded to the throne in 194 BCE and
Gojoseon expanded its territory under his rule. By this time, Gojoseon had adopted
Iron Age culture, developed agriculture and various handicrafts, and increased its
military strength. It tried to monopolize profits, while serving as an intermediate in
the trade between the Korean Peninsula and China, taking advantage of its
geographical proximity to China. This led to confrontation between Gojoseon and
the Han dynasty. Han attacked Gojoseon with a large number of ground and naval
forces. Gojoseon defiantly resisted the attack and won a great victory in the early
stage of the war, but its capital at Wanggeomseong Fortress fell after a year of war,
and Gojoseon collapsed in 108 BCE.
Dolmens
 Dolmens
The Seven Wonders of the World include sites such as the Great Pyramid of
Giza, the Great Wall of China, and Stonehenge in England among others.
However, Korea’s dolmens are no less mysterious. About half of all the
dolmens in the world or around 40,000 dolmens have been found on the
Korea Peninsula. Diverse artifacts, including human bones, stone objects,
and jade and bronze artifacts, have been unearthed from the dolmens. The
construction methods are hard to guess, and the existence itself still
remains a mystery.
 Dolmens
The dolmens are classified into table-type and go-board dolmens,
depending on their shape. The former, mainly found in the northern part of
the Korean Peninsula, was made by positioning four stones to make the
walls of a box, which were then capped by a stone lying on top of the
supports. The latter is characterized by underground burial with stones that
supported the capstone. They are often seen in the southern part of the
Korean Peninsula.
 History of Korea
Towards the end of the Gojoseon Period, tribal states came into being one after
another in Manchuria and on the Korean Peninsula. Buyeo was established in the
plains along the Songhua River in Manchuria and Jilin. The people of Buyeo grew
crops and raised livestock, including horses. They also made furs. By the early 1st
century CE, they started calling their main leader the King and actively engaged with
other countries, even entering into diplomatic relations with China. By the end of the
3rd century, Buyeo had been incorporated into Goguryeo. The people of Buyeo held
an annual festival called Yeonggo in December. During the festival, they held a
sacrificial rite for heaven, sang and danced together, and released prisoners.
 History of Korea
Buyeo fell apart during the establishment of the regional confederation, but the factions
that founded Goguryeo and Baekje took pride in their status as the inheritors of Buyeo.
Samguk sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) states that Gojumong, who founded Goguryeo
in 37 BCE, was originally from Buyeo. Goguryeo prospered greatly through victorious wars in
areas close to Baekdusan Mountain and along the Amnokgang (Yalu) River. Right after its
foundation, Goguryeo conquered a number of small states in the area and moved its capital
to Gungnaeseong (Tonggu) near the Amnokgang River. Through many wars, it drove away the
factions loyal to the Han dynasty and expanded its territory as far as Liaodong in the west
and to the northeast of the Korean Peninsula. It became a powerful state, exerting control
over Manchuria and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
 History of Korea
There was also a number of small states, such as Okjeo and Dongye, in present-day
Hamgyeong-do and the northern parts of Gangwon-do along the east coast of the
Korean Peninsula. Located in outlying areas, they did not develop very rapidly. Okjeo
offered tributes such as salt and fish to Goguryeo. Dongye held a sacrificial rite for
heaven called Mucheon in October to build a spirit of collaboration by singing and
dancing together. Its specialties included dangung (an archery bow) and gwahama (a
horse small enough to pass unhindered beneath fruit trees). These two states were
also incorporated into Goguryeo.
 History of Korea
Moreover, on the Korean Peninsula and open an era of peace by holding inter-
Korean summits as well as South Korea–US and South Korea–China summits. The
government also focused on building infrastructure, improving related regulations,
and securing key technologies for future generations.
View full size.
THE HISTORICAL
STRUCTURES
 Historical Structures
1. Deoksugung Palace
Located at the city's busiest
intersection, this palace is renowned
for its exquisite stone-wall road,
which is especially lovely in the fall.
 Historical Structures
2.Changdeokgung Palace
It is famous due to its exceptional
beauty in the history of palace
design in East Asia and its
harmonious relationship with the
natural surroundings.
 Historical Structures
3.Hwaseong Fortress
Hwaseong is a piled-stone and brick
Joseon Dynasty fortress that
surrounds the city center of Suwon,
Gyeonggi-do Province.
 Historical Structures
4.Jongmyo Shrine Built in the 14th century to honour dead royalty, the
Jongmyo Shrine is one of the oldest of its kind.
Confucianism was pivotal in its construction and various
rites and rituals would take place here five times a year.
Much of the original architecture was reconstructed in the
17th century. This includes Jeongjeon, the main hall, and
Yeongnyeongjeon, the Hall of Eternal Comfort.
Unfortunately, these buildings are kept locked so visitors
cannot see the spirit tables within. Nevertheless, strolling
around the wooded grounds is still highly enjoyable.
 Historical Structures
5.Myeongdo Cathedral
Myeongdong Cathedral is the Church for Archdiocese of Seoul and was also the
birthplace for the Roman Catholic Church community in Korea. The church
houses the remains of several individuals: Bishop Laurent Joseph Marie Imbert
(1796-1839), and priests Peter Simon (1803-1839), James (Jacques Honor
Chastan, 1803-1839) and Pourthie Jean Antoine Charles (1830-1866) and four
martyrs. Myeongdong Cathedral is located in downtown Seoul and tourists
frequently come and visit the place. Near the cathedral are other tourism
spots such as Namsangol Hanok Village preserving Korean traditional houses, N
Seoul Tower overlooking Seoul and Namdaemun Market, a traditional market
with a wide variety of food and goods.
 Art work of Koreans
1. Dragon jar
Porcelain jars, mostly painted with cobalt-blue dragons were
popular from the seventeenth through the nineteenth century.
Many were used as flower vases in official court ceremonies.
Originally associated with water, dragons were also imperial
emblems throughout East Asia. The two four-clawed dragons
chasing flaming jewels on this piece embody the dynamic
strength of the mythical beast. At the same time, dragons are
seen as welcoming creatures; the pair seen here, with their
amusing faces, reflects the notion that they are not always to
be feared.
 Art work of Koreans
2. Bronze Mirror
For humans, the Bronze Age meant metal weapons, farming
tools, and means to sustain large enough populations with an
organized labor force which enabled construction of lasting
monuments such as dolmens.
East Asia, especially in ancient Korea, must have been a
happening place in the Bronze Age as there are more
dolmens in Korea than anywhere else in the world.
 Art work of Koreans
3. Neolithic Comb Pottery
Comb pottery, also called combware, main
pottery type of the Korean Neolithic Period
(3000–700 BC.E). Derived from a Siberian
Neolithic prototype, the pottery is made of
sandy clay, and its color is predominantly
reddish brown.
 R
K A
O E
THANK YOU FOR L
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 By;
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S . Aljho V . Bia
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SURPRISE SHORT
QUIZ
 SHORT QUIZ
1-3. What are the 3 arts of Korea?
and give the meaning.
 SHORT QUIZ
4-5. Give 2 Historical stuctures and
its meaning