Matching Network

Huy Q. Pham

L-section matching network.

Type I

 I have:

1 1 −ω2 R L LC+ jωL (−ω2 R L LC+ jωL)( 1−ω 2 LC− jω R L C )

Z ¿= = = = =
1 1 1 jωC 1−ω2 LC+ jω R L C 2
( 1−ω 2 LC ) + ( ω R L C ) 2 ( 1−ω2 LC
+ +
jωL 1 jωL 1+ jω R L C
+ RL
jωC
 The frequency response of the circuit is:

Z¿ RL Z¿ jω R L C
A v ( jω )= × = ×
R S + Z¿ 1 RS + Z ¿ 1+ jω R L C
R L+
jωC

 The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }.

Type II

 I have:

jω R L L R L−ω R L LC + jωL ( R L−ω R L LC + jωL )(−ω LC− jω R L C )

2 2 2
1 1 1
Z ¿= + = + = = = 2
jωC 1 1 jωC R L + jωL −ω 2 LC+ jω R L C 2
( ω 2 LC ) + ( ω R L C )2
2
( ω LC ) +
+
jωL R L

 The frequency response of the circuit is:

1
1 1 1 1
+ 1− 2 +j
Z¿ jωL R L Z¿ ω LC ω RL C
A v ( jω )= × = ×
( ) ( )
R S + Z¿ 1 1 RS+ Z¿ 1 2
1 2
+ 1− 2 +
jωC 1 1 ω LC ω R LC
+
jωL R L

 The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }

Type III

 I have:

1 R L + jωL ( RL + jωL ) ( 1−ω2 LC− jω R L C ) 1

Z ¿=
1
= 2
= 2
= 2 2 {[ R L ( 1−ω2 LC ) + ω2
jωC + 1−ω LC+ jω R L C ( 1−ω LC ) + ( ω R L C )
2 2
( ω LC ) + ( ω R L C ) 2

jωL+ R L

 The frequency response of the circuit is:

Z¿ RL
A v ( jω )= ×
R S + Z¿ jωL+ R L

 The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }

Type IV

 I have:

RL −ω R L LC+ jωL ( RL −ω R L LC+ jωL ) (1− jω R L C )

2 2
1 RL 1
Z ¿= jωL+
1
= jωL+
1+ jω R L C
=
1+ jω R L C
=
1+ ( ω R L C )2
=
1+ ( ω R L C )2
{[ ( R
jωC +
RL

 The frequency response of the circuit is:

1
1
jωC +
Z¿ RL Z¿ 1
A v ( jω )= × = ×
R S + Z¿ 1 R S +Z ¿ ωL
jωL+ −ω2 LC+ j
1 RL
jωC +
RL

 The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }

π -section matching network.
Type I

I split the inductor L into 2 conductors in series: L1 and L2 such that: L=L1 + L2. Thus, the analysis of this π -
section matching network can be done by analyzing of two L-section matching networks in turn.

Analysis
 Firstly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by L2 and C 2.

o At desired center frequency ω 0, the quality factor of this circuit is Q 2=ω0 R L C 2.

o At frequency ω 0, I do the series-to-parallel transformation from C 2 , R L to C '2 , R'L as above.

2
' 1+Q2
C =C2 ×
2 2
Q2

' RL
R L= 2
1+Q2

2
1 ' 1+Q2
2
=L2 C2=L2 C2 × 2
ω0 Q2

o Hence, at frequency ω 0, with proper value of L2 and C 2, I have

' RL
R1=R L = 2
1+Q 2

Q2=ω0 R L C 2=
ω 0 L2
R1
R
= L −1
R1 √
 Secondly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by C 1 and L1.
 ω 0 L1 ω0 L1 2
o At frequency ω 0, the quality factor of this circuit is Q 1= = ×(1+Q 2).
R1 RL
o At frequency ω 0, I do parallel-to-series transformation from R1 , L1 to L' 1 , R'1 as above.

2
' Q1 +1
L =L1 ×
1 2
Q1

2
1+Q1
R1=R 1 × ( 1+Q1 )=R L ×
' 2
2
1+Q2

2
1 ' Q 1+ 1
2
=L1 C1=L1 C1 × 2
ω0 Q1

o Hence, at frequency ω 0, with proper value of L1 and C 1, I have

2
' 2 1+Q 1
R S=R =R 1 ×(1+Q )=R L ×
1 1 2
1+Q 2

Q 1=ω0 R S C1 =
ω 0 L1
R1
R
= S −1
R1 √
 The quality factor of the whole circuit is Q=Q 1+Q 2 =
ω 0 L1 ω0 L2 ω 0 L
R1
+
R1
=
R1
R
R1
R
R1 √
= S −1+ L −1 .
√
Design process
 Step 0: Define source impedance R S, load impedance R L, center frequency ω 0, bandwidth.
ω0
o Calculate the quality factor of the whole circuit is Q= .
bandwidth
 Step 1: Calculate R1:

√ √ ( √ R S + √ RL ) .
2
RS RL
o Q= −1+ −1. Assume Q is large, R1 ≈
R1 R1 Q2
 Step 2: Calculate L:
ω0 L Q R1
o Q=  L= .
R1 ω0
 Step 3: Calculate Q 1 and Q 2:

o Q 1=
√ RS
R1
−1.
 o Q 2=
√ RL
R1
−1.

 Step 4: Calculate C 1 and C 2:

Q1
o Q1=ω0 R S C1  C 1= .
ω0 RS
Q2
o Q2=ω0 R L C 2  C 2= .
ω0 RL

Frequency Response

 I have
2
1 1 1 R L −ω R L L
Z ¿= = = = 2
1 1 1+ jω R L C2 1−ω L C 1+ j[ω R L C2 +ω
jω C1 + jω C 1+ jωC 1 +
1 RL 2
R L −ω R L LC 2 + jωL
jωL+ jωL+
1 1+ jω R L C 2
jωC 2 +
RL

 The frequency response of the circuit is:

1
1
jω C2 +
Z¿ RL Z¿ 1
A v ( jω )= × = ×
R S + Z¿ 1 RS+ Z¿ ωL
jωL+ −ω2 L C 2+ j
1 RL
jω C2 +
RL

 The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }

Example
 Specification: f 0=1 GHz , BW =25 kHz , R S=5 Ω, R L=50 Ω.
 Design:
ω0 2 π ×10
9
o Q= = =40.
BW 2 π ×25 ×106
( √ R S +√ R L )
2 2
( √5+ √50 )
o R 1= =0.054 Ω.
=
Q2 402
Q R 1 40× 0.054
o L= = 9
=0.344 nH .
ω0 10

o Q 1=
RS
R1 √
−1=
5
0.054 √ R
−1=9.57 and Q2= L −1=
R1
50
0.054
−1=30.41 .
√ √
Q1 9.57 Q2 30.41
o C 1= = 9
=305 pF and C 2 = = 9 =96.8 pF .
ω0 RS 2 π ×10 × 5 ω0 RL 10 × 50
 Result:
Type II

C1C2
I split the capacitor C into 2 conductors in series: C 1 and C 2 such that: C= . Thus, the analysis of this
C1 +C 2
π -section matching network can be done by analyzing of two L-section matching networks in turn.
Analysis
 Firstly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by L2 and C 2. Easily, I get:

Q 2=
RL
=
1
ω 0 L2 ω0 R1 C 2
R
= L −1
R1 √
RL
R 1= 2
1+Q2

 Secondly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by L1 and C 1. Easily, I get:

Q 1=
1 R R
= S = S −1
ω 0 R1 C1 ω0 L1 R1 √
2
1+Q1
R S=R1 ( 1+Q ) =RL
2
1 2
1+Q2

 The quality factor of the whole circuit is Q=Q 1+Q 2 =

1
+
1
=
1
ω 0 R 1 C 1 ω0 R1 C2 ω0 R1 C
R
√ R
= L −1+ S −1.
R1 R1 √
Design process
 Step 0: Define source impedance R S, load impedance R L, center frequency ω 0, bandwidth.
ω0
o Calculate the quality factor of the whole circuit is Q= .
bandwidth
 Step 1: Calculate R1:

√ √ ( √ R S + √ RL ) .
2
RS RL
o Q= −1+ −1. Assume Q is large, R1 ≈
R1 R1 Q2
 Step 2: Calculate C :
1 1
o Q=  C= .
ω0 R 1 C ω0 Q R 1
 Step 3: Calculate Q 1 and Q 2:

o Q 1=
√ RS
R1
−1.

o Q 2=
√ RL
R1
−1.

 Step 4: Calculate L1 and L2:

RS RS
o Q 1=  L1 = .
ω 0 L1 ω0 Q1
RL RL
o Q 2=  L2 = .
ω 0 L2 ω0 Q2

Frequency response

 I have:

1 1 1 −ω 2 L1 L2 + jω
Z ¿= = = =
1
+
1 1
+
1 1
+
−ω 2
L 2 C+ jω R L C ( 2
R L −ω R L L2 C−ω R
2

jω L1 1 1 jω L1 1 jω R L L2 jω L1 R L−ω 2 R L L2 C + jω L2
+ +
jωC 1 1 jωC R L + jω L2
+
jω L2 R L

 The frequency response of the circuit is:

1
1 1 1 1
+ 1− 2 +j
Z¿ jω L2 R L Z¿ ω L2 C ω RL C
A v ( jω )= × = ×

( )( )
R S + Z¿ 1 1 RS+ Z¿ 1 2
1 2
+ 1− 2 +
jω C 1 1 ω L2 C ω RLC
+
jω L2 R L
  The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }

Example
 Specification: f 0=1 GHz , BW =25 kHz , R S=5 Ω, R L=50 Ω.
 Design:
ω0 2 π ×10
9
o Q= = =40.
BW 2 π ×25 ×106
( √ R S +√ R L )
2 2
( √5+ √50 )
o R 1= =0.054 Ω.
=
Q2 402
1 1
o C= = =73.7 pF .
ω0 Q R 1 2 π × 10 × 40 × 0.054
9

o Q 1=
RS
R1 √
−1=
5
0.054 √ R
−1=9.57 and Q 2= L −1=
R1
50
0.054 √ √
−1=30.41 .

RS 5 RL 50
o L1 = = 9
=83.1 pH and L2= = =0.261 nH .
ω0 Q1 2 π ×10 ×9.57 ω0 Q2 2 π ×109 ×30.41
 Result:

T-section matching network.

Type I

I split the capacitor C into 2 conductors in parallel: C 1 and C 2 such that: C=C 1+C 2. Thus, the analysis of
this π -section matching network can be done by analyzing of two L-section matching networks in turn.

Analysis
 Firstly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by L2 and C 2. Easily, I get:
 Q 2=
ω 0 L2
RL
R
√
=ω 0 R1 C2 = 1 −1
RL

R1=R L ( 1+Q 22)

 Secondly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by L1 and C 1. Easily, I get:

Q1=ω0 R 1 C 1=
ω0 L1
RS
R
√
= 1 −1
RS

2
R1 1+Q2
R S= 2
=R L 2
1+ Q1 1+Q1

 The quality factor of the whole circuit is Q=Q 1+Q 2 =ω0 R1 C 2 +ω 0 R1 C1 =ω0 R1 C=
√ R1
RL √ R
−1+ 1 −1.
RS

Design process
 Step 0: Define source impedance R S, load impedance R L, center frequency ω 0, bandwidth.
ω0
o Calculate the quality factor of the whole circuit is Q= .
bandwidth
 Step 1: Calculate R1:

√ √
2
R1 R Q RS RL
o Q= −1+ 1 −1. Assume Q is large, R1 ≈ 2.
RL RS ( √ R S + √ RL )
 Step 2: Calculate C :
Q
o Q=ω0 R1 C  C= .
ω0 R1
 Step 3: Calculate Q 1 and Q 2:

o Q 1=
√ R1
RS
−1.

o Q 2=
√ R1
RL
−1.

 Step 4: Calculate L1 and L2:

ω 0 L1 Q R
o Q 1=  L1 = 1 S .
RS ω0
ω 0 L2 Q R
o Q 2=  L2 = 2 L .
RL ω0
Frequency response

 I have:

1 R L + jω L2 ( R L−ω2 R L L1 C )+ jω ( L2−ω 2 L1 L2 C ) [ ( R L −ω2 R L L1 C

Z ¿= jω L1 + = jω L1 + = =
jωC +
1 ( 1−ω2 L2 C ) + jω RL C (1−ω2 L2 C )+ jω R L C
jω L2+ R L

 The frequency response of the circuit is:

1
1
jωC +
Z¿ jω L2+ R L RL
A v ( jω )= × ×
R S + Z¿ 1 jω L2+ R L
jω L1+
1
jωC +
jω L2+ R L

 The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }

Example
 Specification: f 0=1 GHz , BW =25 kHz , R S=5 Ω, R L=50 Ω.
 Design:
ω0 2 π ×10
9
o Q= = =40.
BW 2 π ×25 ×106
2 2
Q R S RL 40 × 5 ×50
o R 1= 2
= 2
=4.6 k Ω.
( √ R S + √ R L ) ( √5+ √ 50 )
Q 40
o C= = =1.37 pF .
ω0 R1 2 π ×10 × 4.6 ×103
9

o Q 1=
R1
RS √−1=
√
4.6 × 103
5
−1=30.37 and Q 2=
R1
RL
−1=
√4.6 ×103
50 √
−1=9.55.

Q1 R S 30.37 × 5 Q2 R L 52.6 ×50

o L1 = = 9
=24.17 nH and L 2 = = 9
=76.06 nH .
ω0 2 π × 10 ω0 2 π ×10
 Result:
Type II

L1 L2
I split the inductor L into 2 conductors in series: L1 and L2 such that: L= . Thus, the analysis of this π
L1 + L2
-section matching network can be done by analyzing of two L-section matching networks in turn.

Analysis
 Firstly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by L2 and C 2. Easily, I get:

Q 2=
R1
=
1
ω 0 L2 ω0 R L C 2
R
= 1 −1
RL √
R1=R L ( 1+Q 22)

 Secondly, I analysis the L-section matching network created by L1 and C 1. Easily, I get:

Q 1=
1 R R
= 1 = 1 −1
ω 0 R S C 1 ω0 L1 RS √
2
R1 1+Q2
R S= 2
=R L 2
1+ Q1 1+Q1

 The quality factor of the whole circuit is Q=Q 1+Q 2 =

R1 R R
ω 0 L1 ω0 L2 ω 0 L
R
√
RL
R
+ 2 = 1 = 1 −1+ 1 −1 .
RS √
Design process
 Step 0: Define source impedance R S, load impedance R L, center frequency ω 0, bandwidth.
 ω0
o Calculate the quality factor of the whole circuit is Q= .
bandwidth
 Step 1: Calculate R1:

√ √
2
R1 R Q RS RL
o Q= −1+ 1 −1. Assume Q is large, R1 ≈ 2.
RL RS ( √ R S + √ RL )
 Step 2: Calculate L:
R1 R
o Q=  L= 1 .
ω0 L ω0 Q
 Step 3: Calculate Q 1 and Q 2:

o Q 1=
√ R1
RS
−1.

o Q 2=
√ R1
RL
−1.

 Step 4: Calculate C 1 and C 2:

1 1
o Q 1=  C 1= .
ω0 R S C 1 ω0 RS Q 1
1 1
o Q 2=  C 2= .
ω0 R L C 2 ω0 RL Q 2

Frequency response

 I have:
2
1 1 1 1 1 −ω R L LC 2+ jωL
Z ¿= + = + = +
jω C1 1 1 jωC 1 1 jωC 2 jω C1 1−ω2 LC 2 + jω R L C 2
+ +
jωL 1 jωL 1+ jω R L C 2
+ RL
jω C2

 The frequency response of the circuit is:

1
1 1
+
jω L 1
+ RL
Z¿ jω C2 RL
A v ( jω )= × ×
R S + Z¿ 1 1 1
+ + RL
jω C1 1 1 jω C2
+
jωL 1
+ RL
jω C2

 The phase response of the circuit is arg { A v ( jω ) }

Example
 Specification: f 0=1 GHz , BW =25 kHz , R S=5 Ω, R L=50 Ω.
 Design:
ω0 2 π ×10
9
o Q= = =40.
BW 2 π ×25 ×106
2 2
Q R S RL 40 × 5 ×50
o R 1= 2
= 2
=4.6 k Ω.
( √ R S + √ R L ) ( √5+ √ 50 )
R1 4.6 ×10
3
o L= = =18.37 nH .
ω 0 Q 2 π ×10 9 × 40

√ √ √ √
3 3
R1 4.6 × 10 R 4.6 ×10
o Q 1= −1= −1=30.37 and Q 2= 1 −1= −1=9.55.
RS 5 RL 50
1 1 1 1
o C 1= = =1 pF and C 2= = =333 fF .
ω0 RS Q 1 2 π ×10 ×30.37 ×5
9
ω0 RL Q 2 2 π ×10 × 52.6 ×50
9

 Result:

Comparation
L-section matching network π -section matching network T-section matching network

Can specify all center

Can specify all center
frequency, bandwidth,
frequency, bandwidth,
impedance transformation
Simple structure: using two impedance transformation
Advantage ratio.
components ratio.
Can absorb parasitic
Can absorb parasitic
inductance from source and
capacitances.
termination.

Can specify only two of center

frequency, bandwidth, More complex structure: using More complex structure: using
Disadvantage
impedance transformation three components three components.
ratio.