.

COMPOUND, COMPLEX, PARALLEL SENTENCE

Makalah

Submitted To Fulfill One Of The English Course Assigments At Islamic Education

Study And Arabic Stai Al-Gazali Soppeng

Oleh:
Group 13

NURUL ARSY
NIM. 22.14.31.036
IRMAYANI
NIM. 22.14.31.013
IRFAN RISALDI
NIM. 22.14.22.005

ISLAMIC HIGN SCHOOL(STAI)

AL-GAZALI SOPPENG
2023

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 FOREWORD

Praise be to Allah swt. for His Majesty and Mercy so that we can complete this

paper assignment on time. The priceless gusts of wind should be able to deliver our

longing greetings to the Prophet Muhammad PBUH

The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment in the English

course. In addition, this paper also aims to add insight into compound,complex and
parallel sentence for readers and also for writers. We would like to thank Mr. Syarif

Mansur,S.Pd.,M.Pd, as the lecturer of the English course who has given this assignment

so that it can increase knowledge and insight in accordance with our field of study.

We realize that the paper we wrote is far from perfect. Therefore, we will bok

forward to constructive criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper.

Watansoppeng, October 24 2023

Compiler

Group 13

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 DAFTAR ISI

FOREWORD ................................................................................................... ii

LIST OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... iii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1- 2

A. Problem Backroud ...................................................................... 1
B. Problem Formulation .................................................................. 2
C. Purpose Of Discussion ................................................................ 2
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION .......................................................................... 3-10
A. Definition of the Compound Sentence........................................ 3
B. Clauses in Compound ................................................................. 3-6
C. Definition of the Complex Sentence…………………………… 6-8

D. Sub Clause Complex Sentence…………………………………. 8

E. Definition of the Parallel Sentence…………………………….. 9

F. Examples of English sentences that use parallel structure…….. . 9

G. Types of sentences using parallel structure/sentence.. …. ........... 9-10

H. Parallel sentence patterns combined with connecting words ...... 10

BAB III CLOSING…………………………………………… ..................... 11

A. Conclusion .................................................................................. 11
LITERATURE LIST…………………………………………………… 12

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background Of The Problem

Learning English is a must for every human being, who wants to undergo

development, because without this he will lose direction in achieving goals. Therefore,

the author presents a brief outline that will be discussed in this paper.
In mastering English conversation, we must first understand the types of

sentences. Therefore, I discuss in this paper entitled type of sentence

In this paper, I describe the varions kinds of sentences and their examples, to

help you understand more deeply.

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B. Problem formulation

1. What definition of the Compound Sentence ?

2.What Clauses in Compound ?

3. What Definition of the Complex Sentence ?

4. How sub clause Complex Sentence ?

5. What definition of the Parallel Sentence ?

6. What examples of English sentences that use parallel structure ?

7. How Types of sentences using parallel structure/sentence ?

8. How Parallel sentence patterns combined with connecting words ?

C. Purpose of Discussion

1. To know definition of the Compound Sentence.

2. To Know Clauses in Compound.

3.To Know Definition of the Complex Sentence.

4. To Know Sub clause Complex Sentence.

5. To Know definition of the Parallel Sentence.

6. To Know examples of English sentences that use parallel structure.

7. To Know Types of sentences using parallel structure/sentence.

8. To know Parallel sentence patterns combined with connecting words.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of the Compound Sentences

A compound sentence is a sentence that has two or more main

clauses/independent clauses (main sentences). Compound sentences do not have

subordinate clauses (subordinate/dependent clauses).

The Basic Pattern: Subject + Verb/Subject + Verb (S-V/S-V)

Example : Salt water boils at a lower temperature than freshwater, so food cooks faster

in salt water.

B. Clauses in Compound

There are three ways to form compound sentences

1). Coordinators Connector/Coordinating Conjunction

Which includes the coordinator : FANBOYS (For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Formula : Main Clause, + coordinators (FANBOYS) + Main Clauses

Example :
a). For ( karena) : Tom felt guilty, for he made his friend cry.

b). And (Dan) : Surabaya is in East Java, and Palembang is in south Sumatra.

c). Nor (dan…juga tidak) : She does not eat a lot of fruit, nor does she eat vegatables.

d). But (tetapi) : I am old, but you are young.

e). Or (atau) : will you go?, or will your brother go ?

f). Yet ( Meskipun demikian/tetapi) : I thought I knew you, yet how wrong I was.

g). So ( Oleh karena itu/sehingga/maka) : john told a joke, so mike laughed.

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Compare usage coordinators :

a. But VS Yet

- I want to study politics, but my parents want me to study engineericeng.

- I am Very bad at math, yet my parents want me to study engineering.

b. For VS So

- He went to the doctor, for he was feeling sick.

- He was feeling sick, so he went to the doctor.

c. And VS Or

- There was A bing bang, and the lights went out.

- You should eat more, or you will make yourself ill.

Another Example :

- He has already had four cups of coffe, and now he wants another one.

He has already had four cups of coffe and now wants another one.

- You can take a bus, or you can take a taxi.

You can take a bus or take a taxi.

You can take a bus or a taxi.

2). Semicolons (;)

Main Clause; + Main Clause

Example :

- Salt water boils at a lower temperature than freshwater; food cooks faster in salt

water.

- Motherhood causes some women to quit their jobs; others continue working

despite having young children to care for.

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3). Conjunctive adverb

Main Clause; + Conjunctive Adverbs, + Main Clause

Example :

- Salt water boils at a lower temperature than fresh water; therefore, food cooks

faster in salt water. ( air asin mendidih pada temperatur yang lebih rendah dari pada

air tawar;oleh karena itu,makanan matang lebih cepat di dalam air asin).

- Tution at a community college is low; on the other hand, tution at private schools

is high.

Lish conjunctive adverbs/transitional words (pharases) :

To add a similar,equal idea

= Also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, as well, too.

To add an unexpecten or surprising continuation

= however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still.

To add a complete contrast.

= On the other hand, in contrast.

To give an alternative possibillity

=otherwise

To add an expected result

= Accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, therefore, thus.

To Add An Example

= For example, for instance.

Another Conjunctive : Finally, furthuremore, instead, meanwhile, namely,

next, similarly,then, undoubtedly, that is,indeed, at least, in fact.

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Example of exception :

- Community colleges offer preparation for many accupations; they prepare students

to translate to a four-year collage or university as well.

- Community colleges offer preparation for many occupations;they prepare students

to translate to a four-year collage or university, too.

- Car price can very a lot.for example, in Belgium the vw golf costs 1.000 less than

in Britain.
- Offices can easily become more environmentally-friendly by. For example, using

recycled paper.

C. Definition of the Complex Sentence

A complex sentence is a sentence that consists of one main clause (MC) or

main sentence, and one (or more) subordinate clauses (SC) or subordinate clauses. The

main sentence or main clause is also called an independent clause, and the subordinate

clause, usually abbreviated as sub clause, is also called a dependent clause.

Example : Sam never saves any money although he earns a good salary.

D. Sub clause Complex Sentence

Sub clause: noun clause, adjective clause, adverbclause

1. Sub clauses function as nouns ( kata benda )

Formula : 1. Connector + Subject + Verb

2. Connector/Subject + Verb

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Example :

- that jane likes her new job is clear.

- I don’t know what jane likes.

- I’m not interested in what jane lake.

- I want to know who stole his car.

- What is wrong is the question.

Connectors in noun clauses :

1. That

2. Whether/if

3. Question word :

- who, what, which, whom, when, where, whose, why, how.

- Whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however.

2. Sub clause function as adjective ( kata sifat)

- I like the book which you recommended.

( saya menyukai buku yang kamu rekomendasikan ).

- The book which you recommended was interesting.

( buku yang kamu rekomendasikan menarik).

- I thanked the man who helped me

( saya berterimakasih kepada laki laki yang telah menolong saya).

Conectors adjective clause :

- Who-whom ( for people) :a. Who+Verb

b. Whom+Subject+Verb

- Which ( for things)

- That (for people or things)

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 3. Sub clause function as adverb ( keterangan)

Adverb : time, cause (and effect), contrast, condition.

Connectors adverb clauses :

Time:after, before, as, as long as, as soon as, by the time, once, since, until,when,

whenever, while.

Cause : because, since, as, inasmuch as, now that.

Contrast : althoungh, even though, though, while, whereas

Condition : if, unless, in case, provided, providing, whether or not, even if, only if.

Example :

1. I will leave before she comes. (time)

( saya akan pergi sebelum dia datang).

2. Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.(cause)

(karena mengantuk dia pergi tidur).

3. Althoungh the car is old, it still runs well.(contrast)

(meskipun mobil tua mobil tersebut masih berjalan dengan baik)

4. You will get good grades if you study.(condition)

( kamu akan mendapatkan nilai yang bagus jika kamu belajar)

Position of sub clause in the sentence :

1. Before he could reach the door, she quickly closed it.

2. Jack swam to an island that was not far away.

3. Miss carter, who is an axcellent critic, made suggestions at many points in the

course of composition and revision.

4. When I visited her last night, she was packing her clothers that she wanted to

wear during her vacation.

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E. Definition of the Parallel Sentence

Parallel Structure uses equivalent grammatical structures for sentence

elements with the same function. These elements include words, phrases or clauses. By

using parallel sentences, you can show that these elements are similar to one another.

F. Example of English sentences that use parallel structure

 I spent my holiday by reading books, baby-sitting my younger sister, and

decorating my room.

 My fathers like to go fishing and running.

 Maria is a smart, nice, and pretty girl.

G. Types of sentences using parallel structure/sentence

1. Parallel sentence pattern with gerund (verb + ing) :

My current hobbies are illustrating books, sewing clothes, and designing cards.(hobiku

sekarang adalah mengilusstrasikan buku, menjahit pakaian, dan mendesain kartu).

2. Parallel sentence patterns with adjectives :

Her boyfriend is the kindest, sweetest, and cutest person she's ever dated(pacarnya
adalah pria yang paling baik, manis, dan mengemaskan yang sejauh ini dia kencani).

3. Parallel sentence patterns with present tense verbs :

My mother always wakes up early, then cooks breakfast for us, and prepares her

teaching stuff (ibuku selalu bangun pagi, lalu dia memasak sarapan untuk kami dan

menyiapkan peralatan mengajarnya).

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4. Parallel sentence pattern with past tense verbs :

They collected the used bottles and cleaned the room after the party last night(mereka

mengumpulkan botol-botol bekas dan membersihkan ruangan selepas pesta semalam).

5. Parallel sentence pattern with to invinitive :

We have a plan to visit the restaurant, to eat the delicious food, and to gather with old

friends (kami berencana mengunjungi restoran tersebut,menyantap makanan lezat,dan

berkumpul dengan teman-teman lama).

H. Parallel sentence patterns combined with connecting words

 and, or, as, but, than, dan although

a. The coffee shop is pricey and uncomfortable.(kedai kopi itu mahal dan kurang

nyaman).

b. Watching Korean drama is more entertaining than reading magazines

(menonton drama korea lebih menghibur dibandingkan dengan yang lama).

 more… than, -er… than

a. Your new design is more well-ordered than the older ones.(desain barumu lebih

rapi dibandingkan dengan yang lama).

b. My older brother is smarter than me (kakaku lebih pandai dariku).

 both… and…; either… or…; neither… or…

a. Neither my mother nor my sister attended our nephew's wedding, because they

were sick (baik ibu maupun kakakku tidak mennghadiri pernikahan keponakan

kami, karena mereka sedang sakit)

 not only… but also

a. His father is not only wise, but also funny.(ayahnya tidak hanya bijaksana,

tetapi juga lucu).

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

1. A compound sentence is a sentence that has two or more main clauses/independent

clauses (main sentences). Compound sentences do not have subordinate clauses

(subordinate/dependent clauses).

2. A complex sentence is a sentence that consists of one main clause (MC) or main
sentence, and one (or more) subordinate clauses (SC) or subordinate clauses.

3.. Parallel Structure uses equivalent grammatical structures for sentence elements with

the same function. These elements include words, phrases or clauses. By using parallel

sentences, you can show that these elements are similar to one another.

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 LITERATURE LIST

https://youtu.be/QEnVTTDb8Lc?si=UFYIamM6p2ifMsAs(COMPLEX)
https://youtu.be/6GYPnQsmTNs?si=zgLoabn0L5qOru9z(COMPOUND)
https://www.kampunginggris.id/pengertian-parallel-sentence-dan-jenis-jenis-struktur-
kalimatnya
https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/complex-sentence/

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