Study this picture? Do you think, there are already extension activities in ancient agriculture?

How
do you suppose did they do it? How did it start? Write your assumptions on the space below
(not less than 100 words) 50 point

Chapter 2:
Historical Antecedents of Agricultural Extension

Agricultural extension has become a major component of agricultural and

rural development programs worldwide. The movement to relate education to the
needs of human life and the application of science to practical affairs goes back to
the Renaissance. Those were the roots of agricultural extension. Nations in
Europe and America during the last century came to recognize that to stimulate
farmers to modernize and improve farming, scientific and practical knowledge of
 2

agriculture must be made available to them. In the later part of the last century
this dynamic thinking progressively gained ground, thus extension activities were
evolved and became increasingly institutionalized (FAO, 1989).
Apart from the importance of farmers and agriculture in the society and
economy concerned, several conditions appear to be necessary for the initiation
and organized development of agricultural extension work.
The prime condition is that information has been assembled, systematized,
and made available on good or progressive or new agricultural practices suited to
a particular environment, and is based on either (or both) the accumulation of
experience or findings from research.
Second, this information is used, among other things, to educate professional
agriculturists who may further enlarge or refine this body of knowledge or become
active promoters and disseminators of it.
Third, an appropriate administrative or organizational structure exists and
within which the dissemination activities may be established and conducted.
Fourth, there is a legislative or some other official mandate or influential
proponent, which prescribes or enables that agricultural extension work is
desirable and must occur.
Fifth, there are invariably a variety of antecedents, which have attempted
protoforms of agricultural information and advice dissemination.
In addition, the incidence of critical situations, such as famine, crop failure,
soil exhaustion or altered economic conditions, may create an immediate cause
for initiating the organization of extension work. All of these several conditions
have been present in the evolution of modern forms of agricultural extension.

D.2 Distant Origins

In Mesopotamia (present day Iraq, 1800 BC)
♣ archeologists have unearthed clay of tablets of time on which were inscribed
advice on watering of plants and getting rids of rats
♣ Some hieroglyphics on Egyptian columns gave advice on avoiding crop damage
and loss of life in Nile’s floods

2nd century BC to 3rd century BC

♣ Latin text were written, frequently drawing on practical farming experience
which aimed to help Roman landowners to maintain and improve their estates
and revenue
♣ In Imperial China
Dissemination of agricultural information was a matter of concern to the state
since it heavily relied on taxes and revenues from landowners and tenants

A. Early Beginnings
In Europe and USA, extension…
♣ started in developed countries
♣ originated from universities

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 3

♣ thus derived from educational developments in these universities

♣ hence, is an educational process aimed at changing behavior of people

Europe
Between 1300 and 1700, European society became transformed from its
medieval feudal forms into recognizably modern social systems. It was a period of
complex, multi stranded development.
Pietro de Crescenzi wrote 1304 -The earliest known renaissance agricultural
text in Latin. It was translated into Italian and French. This became the first book
on agriculture printed in the mid-fifteenth century.
By the mid-eighteenth century, throughout much of Europe, progressive
landowners and their agents and a few similarly minded farmers were being
known as improvers. They, along with some men of science were the main
proponents of agricultural clubs or societies. At their regular meetings and
demonstrations, locally and regionally, landowners and leading farmers
exchanged ideas and information and discussed farming improvements.
In 1841, The Royal Agricultural Improvement Society (RAIS) was founded in
Britain.
In 1845, there was an outbreak of potato blight in Europe particularly in
Ireland. Its effects were practically severe because the predominantly peasant
population relied on potatoes in their diet, and the potato famine persisted until
1851.
In 1847, the newly appointed British viceroy to Ireland, the Earl of Clarendon,
urged the RAIS to appoint Itinerant Lectures to travel around the distressed
districts to Inform and Show small farmers how to Improve Cultivation and
Grow Nutritious Crops.
In the 1890’s, the universities began to cover Agricultural Subjects in
lectures.

USA
Significant developments to the evolution of agricultural extension in the USA
1. Signing of the Morril Act of 1862 by Pres. Lincoln during the civil war, which
was seminal in the creation of State Colleges of Agriculture and the mechanic
arts in the northern United States. The legal foundation of the whole
cooperative work in the USA. its land grant provisions enabled the states to
establish and fund their colleges.
Funds were made available from the Federal Government to establish
demonstration centers/experimental stations. Farmer’s Institute Movements
began to organize one-to-two-day meetings for farmers and invited professors
from state colleges and universities as speakers.
2. Passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914. This is an act establishing the
Cooperative Extension Service- a tripartite cooperation of federal, state, and
local county governments, with the state colleges the extension agency- in
order to aid in diffusing among the people of the United States useful and

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 4

practical information on subjects relating to agriculture and home economics,

and to encourage the application of the same.

Extension in State Colleges and Universities

In 1840, the term University Extension was first recorded in Britain. In 1867,
the first practical attempt was made in what was designated “University
Extension”. James Stuart, fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, gave lectures to
women’s associations and work men’s clubs in the North of England. In 1871,
Stuart approached the authorities of Cambridge University and appealed to them
to organize centers for extension lectures under the university’s supervision.
James Stuart considered as “Father of University Extension”.
In 1873, Cambridge University adopted system to describe a particular
educational innovation. In 1876, London University followed and in 1878 Oxford
University followed. In 1880, the system became well-established and developed
into what was to be called Extension Movement, thus, extension became a more
Institutionalized function of the universities. The tri-functions therefore of
universities were: Instruction, Research and Extension.
In 1882, the American extension movement at the University of Chicago with
Professor Moulton, an English as the first Director. In 1885, the first ten years of
extension movement”, the world’s first real treaties in extension were documented.

B. Extension in the Philippine Setting Historical Perspective

Spanish Era, 1565
Extension work in the Philippines started in 1565 through the
establishment of “Granja Modelos” or model farms by the Spaniards. These
Model farms served botj as experimental stations of the Spanish government and
demonstration centers for farmers. Farmers who were initially given education
were those grew rice, sugarcane and tobacco.
American Regime, 1901
The coming of the Americans at the turn of the 20 th century brought a more
serious attempt to extend agricultural services in the Philippines

When the Americans came (October 08,1901) - extension work started but
there was no definite plan. In April 30, 1902, the Bureau of Agriculture under the
Department of Interior was established. In 1908, serious attempts to extend
agricultural services started. Experimental and model farms were established,
modern tractors and farm machinery were introduced and the people were taught
on modern methods of cultivation. A Homestead Law was passed giving an
opportunity to every Filipino to acquire at least 24 hectares of land. In May 21,
1908, Act No. 1829 was passed by the Philippine Legislative Assembly creating the
Civico-Educational lectures. The Municipal teachers were required to conduct
lectures on the rights and duties of the citizens, the municipal code, the provincial

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 5

government Act, and the organization of the Central Government during non-
work days.
Agricultural schools were established to educate and train government
agricultural extension workers and others engaged in agriculture. On March 06,
1909, the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines at Los Baños was
established. Philippine exports especially hemp, sugar, tobacco, copra and
embroideries flowed to the free markets of the United States. This made the
Philippines economically dependent on the US.
In July 1910, the Demonstration and Extension Division under the Bureau of
Agriculture was established. This was the first formally organized government
department implementing research and extension programs. Several
experimental stations and demonstration farms in strategic places in the country
were set up.
In July 10, 1919, the Extension and Demonstration Division expanded its work
to include: Organization of farmers’ cooperatives, Rural credit, Marketing and
Animal insurance.
In 1923, the Demonstration and Extension Division was changed to
Agricultural Extension Service. Home Extension Work (later known as Division of
Home Economics) was started in the Division of Organic Chemistry of the Bureau
of Science mainly on food preservation. MARIA Y. OROSA founded the home
extension service in 1923.
In 1925, the Food Preservation Section of the Organic Chemistry Division was
organized with the following activities: food preparation, preservation and home
management. In 1926, the Food Preservation Section became a division of the
Bureau of Science. The Fiber Standardization Board was created as a separate
office to take charge of educational work on fibers.
In 1929, the Bureau of Agriculture was reorganized with the creation of the:
Bureau of Animal Industry and Bureau of Plant Industry with both bureaus
continuing to do and expand their extension activities. In 1933, the Fiber
Standardization Board was abolished. The Fiber Inspection Service was returned
to the Department of Agriculture and Commerce and the Food Preservation
Division of the Bureau of Science was made a special division of the DA &
Commerce and was called Division of Economics.
In 1935, The University of the Philippines created the President’s Committee
on Literacy and Civic Education. The committee organized the University alumni
into volunteer workers to undertake adult education work during vacation. The
U.P. adult education projects started an extension program in different places
around Manila. The program was broadened to include additional courses like
shop work for men, dressmaking, flower making, and painting for women.
In 1936, the Division of Home Economics was transferred to the BPI and
merged with the Utilization Division.

Commonwealth Period (Manuel Luis Quezon)

In 1936, Commonwealth Act 85 was passed. This act established the
provincial extension service creating the Provincial Agriculturist position to

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 6

allow wider coverage and participation of local government units in financing

their extension programs. In 1938, BAI organized its own extension division,
Livestock Division to disseminate and demonstrate information materials on
livestock and poultry. Production. In 1941, BPIs extension service was expanded
to rice, corn, tobacco, and other major crops 1st mandate – fruit trees, vegetables
and ornamental plants. The people were encouraged to go into agricultural
business especially people in Mindanao where favorable climatic condition is
available since food is highly needed during those times. Due to financial
shortage, information was not passed and shared to farmers. Trading of
agricultural products between the Philippines and the US was increased.
The Division of Soil Survey was created to undertake soil and agronomical
survey. Commonwealth Act 649 was enacted increasing the budget for extension
work. In 1941, World War II broke out and all provincial extension work were
suspended.
1942-1945 (World War II), Japanese occupation (Jose P. Laurel)
This period was called “the rude awakening” because the Philippines did not
raise enough food for the people and have been dependent upon other countries
for its deficiency on rice and other cereals.

Post War (Manuel A. Roxas).

In 1947, the Home Extension Unit of the Plant Utilization Division (PUDiv) of
BPI was fused with the Agricultural Extension (purely research was left with the
PUDiv of BPI). 4-H club work started.

Post War (Elpidio Quirino)

The rice industry was made the first commodity sector to have an integrated
national planning. There was an intensive rehabilitation of the rice, corn, tobacco,
fiber, sugar, livestock, fishery and mining industries. Congress also passed the
Rural Bank Act in 1952 authorizing the organization of a system of rural banks
with substantial capital participation of the government. Congress created the
Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) which
was authorized to organize the Farmers’ Cooperative Marketing Associations
(FACOMAS) and to extend low coast loans to them. In 1949, the Philippine
government requested the US to send an Economic Survey Mission to the
Philippines with Danniel W. Bell as the Chief of the mission.
Purpose of the mission: to consider the socio-economic status of the country;
and to recommend measures which will make the country to become and
remain self-supporting. Findings of the mission: extension work was carried out
by different agencies and there was lack of sufficient extension workers
Recommendation of the mission: Agricultural services must be consolidated
under one agency for the sake of efficiency, thus creating the Bureau of
Agricultural Extension (BAEx).
July 16, 1952, Republic Act No. 680 was passed into law. This act created the
Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEx). All extension activities, of the
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources became the responsibility of
the BAEx.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 7

Post War (Ramon Magsaysay)

The Philippines actively pursued an import-substitution strategy to achieve
higher employment, reduce domestic inflation and market interest rates to create
stronger economic growth and accelerate modernization and industrialization.
The Philippines became a member of the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization. The national rice and corn program was launched and the Rice and
Corn Coordinating Council was created.
In 1954, Executive Order No. 57 was passed into law. This created the
Community Development Council (CDC). CDC was tasked to coordinate and
integrate on a national scale the efforts of various governmental and civic
agencies to improve the living conditions of the people. In 1956, Executive Order
No. 156 was passed creating the Office of the Presidential Assistant on
Community Development (PACD). PACD was assigned to plan and implement
the Philippine National Community Development Program, and to coordinate
and integrate the activities of all and each department engaged in community
development. In 1958, the Rice and Corn Production Coordinating Council
(RCPCC) was organized. It is aimed to effecting immediate and considerable
increase in the national supply of rice through domestic production.

Post War (Diosdado Macapagal)

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established to give
solution to our rice problem. The problem of the sugar industry was dissected.
The Agricultural Land Reform Code was signed into law (RA 3844) on August 8,
1963. BAEx was renamed to Agricultural Productivity Commission (APC) and was
placed under the Office of the President.
In 1964, EO No. 62 was passed into law creating the Rice and Corn Authority
which replaced RCPCC.

Post War (Ferdinand E. Marcos)

EO No. 38 was enacted 1966 changing the Presidential Assistant for
Community Development to Presidential Arm for Community Development. EO
No. 50 restored the power and responsibility of RCPCC to implement the Rice and
Corn Program.
In 1969, EO No. 183 was enacted creating the National Food and Agriculture
Council (NFAC) which replaced RCPCC.

Martial Law Period (1972)

Several organizational changes affecting agricultural extension took place.
PD No. 1 and Presidential LOI No. 9 dated November 1, 1972 reverted the
Agricultural Productivity Commission to its original Name-Bureau of
Agricultural Extension. PD No. 970 abolished the Bureau of Farm Management
of the DAR and transferred its extension functions to the Bureau of Agricultural
Extension (BAEx). In July 1, 1973, BAEx was again placed under the DA. The
Abaca and other Fibers Board was fused with the BAEx.
In 1977, the World Bank Mission appraised the Philippine agricultural
extension service. As a result of the mission, the Philippines adopted the training

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 8

and visit (T & V) system which evolved into a development strategy designed to
improve the quality of life of farm families. The National Extension Program
became operational in March 27, 1979 with a funding support of US$35 million
loan from World Bank.
Ministry wide regional offices in the Ministry of Agriculture was created by
virtue of PD 1579 in 1978. Executive Order No. 595, placed the Bureau of
Cooperative Development, which was created under the Ministry of Local
Government and Community Development in the 1972 reorganization under the
supervision and control of the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1980, the structural set
up of the Ministry of Agriculture was streamlined for a more unified extension
service. Twelve (12) Regional directors and 24 Assistant Regional directors were
appointed. Moreover, 75 provincial agricultural officers were appointed.
Executive Order 803 in 1982 established an integrated management system
for agricultural services for the unification of government efforts at providing
adequate and timely agricultural services and inputs. The delivery of agricultural
services became the responsibility of the provincial governor. Self-sufficiency in
rice for two years was attained through the Masagana 99 program. There was also
a massive dispersal of a modern package of technology (HYV’s, fertilizers, and
pesticides). Supervised credit without collateral was also enacted and AEWs were
dispersed to facilitate technology transfer. Mass media was utilized to disseminate
information. The sugar industry provides the country with a stable flow of foreign
exchange and employment for a great number of Filipinos. Replanting program
for coconut was initiated during the period.

Post Martial Law Period (Corazon C. Aquino)

Comprehensive and genuine agrarian reform program with some supports as
credit, marketing and technology was initiated. Programs were geared towards
uplifting the farmers from poverty, ignorance and stagnation. Farmers were made
useful, dignified, responsible and progressive partners in nation building.
Portions of public lands were distributed through resettlement programs. Short
lived due to the destabilizing effect of the various military coups mounted against
the Aquino Administration. Nonetheless, Aquino government was able to lay the
foundation for which succeeding administration could proceed to develop the
countryside.
In 1987, Executive Order No. 116 merged the BAEx, Agricultural Training
Council and Philippine Training Center for Rural Development into the
Agricultural Training Institute (ATI). The “BIRTH” of the ATI meant the
“DEATH” of the BAEx. ATI is mandated: to train all AEWs and their clientele,
who are mostly farmers & other agricultural workers; ensure that training
programs address the real needs of the agricultural sector; and ensure that the
research results are communicated to the farmers through appropriate training
and extension activities.
In 1991, RA No. 7160 known as the Local Government Code was passed into
law. This law devolved Agricultural Extension and Training activities to the Local
Government Units (LGUs).

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 9

Post Martial Law Period (Fidel V. Ramos)

Too pre-occupied with industrializing the economy by the year 2000 that it
failed to give the appropriate financial support to the Philippine Agriculture for
the World Trade. All agricultural commodities except for the export crops banana
and pineapple and livestock suffered a decline in productivity. Initiated the
Medium-Term Agricultural Development Plan (MTADP) in four programs
namely:
• GPEP – Grains production Enhancement Program
• KCCDP – Key Commercial Crops Development Program
• MTLDP – Medium Term Livestock Development Program
• MTFMDP – Medium Term Fisheries Management Development Program

During this time the Delivery of Support Services was intensified and GATT
safety measures were adopted.
In 1997, RA 8435 known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
or AFMA was signed into law. This was passed by Senate and the House of
Representatives on Dec. 15 and Dec. 16, 1997, respectively. This was signed into
law by then president Fidel V. Ramos on December 22, 1997.

Post Martial Law (Joseph Ejercito Estrada)

Agrikulturang Makamasa Program
Approved the implementation of Biotechnology in the country

Post Martial Law (Gloria Macapagal Arroyo)

GMA-CARES – Ginintuang Masaganang Ani-Countrywide Assistance for
Rural Employment and Services
Hybrid Rice Commercialization
Commodity programs

Post Martial Law (Benigno Aquino III)

Agrikulturang Pilipino or Agri-Pinoy is the over-all strategic framework of
the Department of Agriculture that guide the various services and programs of
the DA from 2011-2016 and beyond. Agri-Pinoy incorporates principles and
practices that optimize the development of Philippine resources, natural and
human, to achieve Philippine goals in agriculture and fisheries, and contribute to
national development. We rely mainly on lessons drawn from Philippine
experience, but we also learn from others, according to the principle: “Learn from
others. Think for ourselves.” While we focus on our Philippine goals, we also
contribute what we can toward the goals of the global community, in the spirit of
interdependence.

Four Guiding Principles of Agri-Pinoy

• Food security and self-sufficiency
• Sustainable agriculture and fisheries
• Natural resource management

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 10

• Local development
Food security and self-sufficiency. Agri-Pinoy seeks to meet the food
needs of the Philippines, particularly staple food, and make them accessible,
affordable, safe and nutritious. Sapat, ligtas, at abot-kayang pagkain sa lahat. In
the pursuit of food security, Agri-Pinoy seeks to minimize our dependence on food
imports, especially of staple food, by optimizing the development of the natural
and human resources of the Philippines, toward increased productivity and
increased incomes especially of primary producers. Agri-Pinoy promotes the
principle of food self-sufficiency with full awareness of our global
interdependence, and our various commitments international trade agreements.
Sustainable agriculture and fisheries. To meet the ever growing needs of a
growing Philippine population, we need to continually increase productivity. But
in doing so, we must also insure sustainability, both ecologically and
economically.
Agri-Pinoy’s emphasis on sustainable agricultural and fisheries principles
and practices takes into account the limited bio-physical carrying capacity of the
Philippines, while investing to expand the capacity of our human resources. We
must ensure that producers and other stakeholders in the whole value chain “from
farm to table” receive economic benefits that enable them to sustain their
participation.
Natural resource management. In line with our goals of self-reliance and
sustainability, Agri-Pinoy focuses on the natural resource endowments of the
Philippines, and how to manage them so that they are not exhausted, while
enhancing their competitive advantage.
Local development. The devolution of governance and the recognition of
an eco-system framework of development reinforce the Agri-Pinoy guiding
principle of local development.
The four guiding principles of Agri-Pinoy;
The Agri-Pinoy Check List
• Broad-based
• From Farm to Table
• Sustainable systems
• Resilience
• Partnership
Why is a broad-based strategy needed? Agricultural and rural
development must start from the reality that through agrarian reform, majority of
our farms are family-sized or even smaller. This need not be a disadvantage since
there are enough evidence that small farm systems can be as productive as large
farms. In fact, at their current level of productivity, the small producers still
contribute the biggest percentage of production in agriculture and fisheries.
A broad-based strategy calls for equitable and proportional allocation
of DA services and resources to small, medium, and big players. Moreover, we
need to take account of the different stakeholders in the whole value chain, and
adopt specific and appropriate interventions to different stakeholders.
Broadbased refers not only to size but also to diversity of crops and production
systems.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 11

From Farm to Table. Agri-Pinoy addresses the whole system, from

production to consumption. Instead of looking mainly into production, we need to
pay attention to the whole value chain. This includes good soil and water
management, and improved seeds. The community seed-banking program seeks
to encourage local seed growers to produce certified seeds and farmers to use
them. The extension system needs to be revitalized through the massive retraining
of technicians and farmers themselves. DA also has responsibility to ensure food
safety and quality, primarily through our regulatory function. We also need to
promote responsible consumption.
Sustainable farming and fisheries systems. The need to integrate
sustainability into efforts to increase productivity is well established. The
challenge is to provide our primary producers information and assistance so that
they can adopt and develop innovative technologies and management systems.
As mentioned earlier, the requirements of sustainability are both
ecological and economic. But there is a third element that is even more
challenging–insuring the successor generation to our aging farming and fishing
population.
The Gulayan sa Paaralan project with the Department of Education seeks
to develop an appreciation for agriculture from an early age. We also need to
review and draw lessons from programs like the 4-H clubs and Future Farmers
Clubs. But to enhance the appeal of farming and fishing, we must also
communicate well their income prospects, as well as promote a social
appreciation of the role of farmers and fishers. We need to develop role models of
farmer-technicians, farmer-scientists, and farmer-entrepreneurs.
Resilience. Although implicit in the concept of sustainability, we give
resilience a distinct emphasis because of the increased impacts of climate change
and changes in the global market. One key strategy is the empowerment of
farmers and fishers, including provision of timely and useful information about
climate change and market change. This can help them shift back from a situation
of uncertainty to calculable risks. In addition, they must be assisted to diversify
options and introduced to adaptive technologies.
Partnerships. The promotion and development of Agri-Pinoy calls for
partnerships at various levels. Partnerships with national agencies. Our starting
partnership is with the members of the National Convergence Initiative which is
chaired by the DA – the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources. However, other national agencies may come
into this partnership.
• Partnerships with local governments. We need to work with the DILG to assist
LGUs to integrate agriculture and fisheries into their local development plans
which calls for technical assistance and capacity building.
• Partnerships with NGOs and people’s organizations. NGOs can help us
organize farmers and fishers and help them develop to become farmer-
technicians, farmer-scientists, and farmer-entrepreneurs.

Agri-Pinoy Framework

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 12

Partnerships with the private sector. Our Agri-Pinoy framework of “farm

to table” requires that we partner with many stakeholders, and the private sector
play crucial roles across the whole value chain. In addition, it is government policy
to promote public-private partnerships especially in larger projects.
In forging partnerships, we follow the principle of diversity. We are open
to work with different organizations and even different political persuasions, so
long as they are willing to enter into principled partnerships, based on the
principles of Agri-Pinoy.

Challenges to the DA Family

Agri-Pinoy represents both continuity and change. It affirms the DA’s
mandate and mission, and the various laws that we are tasked to implement.
But Agri-Pinoy also requires change.
• Convergence within the DA family. First of all, we need to achieve convergence
within the DA family. Convergence means alignment to the principles of Agri-
Pinoy and the goals of the DA. This convergence within the DA has to happen
at the national level, and at the regional level. I reiterate my earlier call for the
regional directors to lead the RMCs in developing their respective regional
Agri-Pinoy frameworks, and aligning their programs to this framework.
• Professionalism within the DA family. While we talk of cooperating as a family
and community, we need to hold one another to agreed upon professional and
ethical standards for mutual accountability to one another, and to the general
public.
• Good Governance. In line with President Aquino’s call for good governance,
we must insure transparency and accountability in the DA. But also synergy,
using all forms of participation that will optimize the use of our resources to
achieve our goals.
• Bridge the gap. Touch the heart. Let me end by reiterating the initial call of
Agri-Pinoy to “bridge the gap and touch the heart.” Our stakeholders,
especially the grassroots, must experience our sincerity and concern, so that
they will trust us and respond to our call to actively participate in Agri-Pinoy.

Philippine Agriculture: Today and Future (President Duterte)

During the term of President Rodrigo R. Duterte, the Department of
Agriculture was revitalized with Emmanuel “Manny” Piñol as the Secretary. He
directed a paradigm shift in the policies and programs of the Department. He also
designed a rural credit program to provide marginal farmers and fishers easy access
to low-interest rate, zero-collateral financial assistance, and launched a nationwide
Solar Power Irrigation System to address water needs of farmers with efficient and
low-cost technology. Aside from these, Piñol pioneered programs that have
progressively transformed Philippine agriculture into a sustainable industry of
empowered farm laborers and agri-entrepreneurs. These champions have been the
constant partners of the government in attaining affordable and accessible food for
all.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 13

The following are the 10 Basic Foundations of sound agriculture and fisheries
under President Duterte.
1. A National Color-Coded Agricultural Guide Map
2. A National Food Consumption Quantification Study
3. An institutional restructuring and paradigm resetting for the Department
of Agriculture and its officials and employees
4. An intensive technology updating and sharing, modernization and
mechanization program
5. An easy access financing program for farmers, fishermen and agriculture
and fisheries stakeholders
6. A strategic and effective post-harvest, storage and processing facility
7. A government-initiated and supported aggressive marketing campaign
especially for high-value crops
8. A National Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Program
9. A relentless campaign for the enforcement of agricultural and fisheries
laws, especially on land conversion and illegal fishing
10. Re-introduction of basic agriculture in the primary and elementary grades
of the Philippine Schools System

For the details of each agendum, visit the Department of Agriculture website:
http://www.da.gov.ph/foundation/1-a-national-color-coded-agricultureand-
fisheries-map/

E. Enrichment Activities
Let us engage in some problem-solving activity. The price of
palay has dropped nowadays. Listen
to news or watch television or if you
have internet connectivity, find out
how why it happened and how our
government helps the farmers in this
situation especially now that we are
in the middle of the pandemic. Give suggestions on what must
be done to solve the problem. Write your explanation of not
less than 150 words on the space below. (50 points)
(Performance # 1)

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 14

1. Self-Reflect: Compare the agriculture extension activities in the past to today’s

implementation. Give three major differences and provide explanations. Write
them on the space

REFERENCES

Battad, T. T. P. S. Coloma and Aurora S. Paredes. 2011. Agricultural Extension.

Grandbooks Publishing, Inc. Metro Manila.
Rogers, E. 1995.Diffusion of Innovations (4th Edition) The Free Press. New York
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5 th Edition) The Free Press. New
York.
Warren, Peterson, Warren. 1997. “The Context of Extension in Agricultural and Rural
Development,” In Swanson, B.E., R.P. Bentz, and A.J. Sofranko (Eds.).
Improving Agricultural Extension. A Reference Manual. Rome. Italy: Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).3. Take off.
http://www.da.gov.ph/foundation/1-a-national-color-coded-agricultureand-
fisheries-map/
https://academlib.com/7796/management/communication

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)