Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER 2
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5. What are the top four major food crops produced today?
Wheat, rice, maize, and potato.
6. Provide examples of food crops domesticated in each of the 13 major regions of the world.
See Figure 2-2, the world food crop, in the text.
7. What was the time frame during which the domestication of plants occurred?
Plants were domesticated toward the end of the Ice Age, or 11,000 to 15,000 years ago.
Define
Hatch Act—an act passed by the U.S. Congress that provided yearly support to agricultural
experiment stations in each state.
Agricultural Adjustment Act—an act passed by the U.S. Congress, directed at the
expansion of utilization research, to correct the problem of overproduction or surplus of
goods, which became a major problem during the Depression in the 1930s.
Agricultural Marketing Act—an act passed by the U.S. Congress in order to change the
imbalance between production and postproduction research.
True or False
1. T The time frame during which domestication of plants occurred was toward the end of the
Ice Age.
2. T The current view holds that plants were domesticated at different times over a wide
geographical range.
3. T One of the major accomplishments of the Egyptian civilization was the development of
irrigation systems through the use of hydraulic engineering.
4. T The Greek civilization was only involved in practical agriculture in a minor way.
5. T Although the Greeks were great scientific thinkers, they did not show much interest in the
day-to-day problems of agriculture.
6. T The Romans produced very little new discoveries, but they did make great improvements
on existing technology.
Matching
1. C Hatch Act (1887)
2. A Agricultural Marketing Act (1946)
3. B Agricultural Adjustment Act (1938)
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B. Initiated to correct the problem with overproduction or surplus of goods resulting from the
Depression
C. Provides yearly support to agricultural experiment stations in each state
Matching
1. E Stephen Hales (1677–1761)
2. G Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
3. A Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) and Nehemiah Grew (1641–1712)
4. C Rudolph Camerarius (1665–1721)
5. D Linneaus (1707–1778)
A. Responsible for the initiation of basic studies in plant anatomy and morphology
B. Found that living things were made of cells leading to the future of cytology
C. Demonstrated sexuality in plants, thereby providing the roots of genetics
D. Developed a simple yet elegant system for the classification of plants called binomial
nomenclature
E. Published “Vegetable Staticks,” which was the first significant publication in plant
physiology
F. Showed that plants purify air
G. First to describe plant movement in response to light and gravity
H. Founder of modern genetics
Matching
1. E Theophrastus (377–288 BC)
2. G Varro (116–20 BC)
3. F Dioscorides (AD 40–90)
4. D Robert Prince (1730)
5. C Andrew J. Downing (1815–1852)
6. B Frederick Law Olmstead (1822–1903)
7. A Liberty H. Bailey (1858–1954)
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B. Considered to be the father of landscape architecture. He was the primary landscape
architect for Central Park in New York City. C. The first American landscape
gardener.
D. Established the first commercial nursery in the United States.
E. Student of Aristotle and the most significant Greek horticulturist.
F. Wrote the authoritative book De Materia Medica.
G. Developed techniques for postharvest storage of fruits.
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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known as the “Riddleberger bill,” passed by the last General
Assembly and vetoed by the Governor. We maintain that this
measure recognizes the just debt of Virginia, in this, that it assumes
two-thirds of all the money Virginia borrowed, and sets aside the
other third to West Virginia to be dealt with by her in her own way
and at her own pleasure; that it places those of her creditors who
have received but 6 per cent. instalments of interest in nine years
upon an exact equality with those who by corrupt agencies were
enabled to absorb and monopolize our means of payment; that it
agrees to pay such rate of interest on our securities as can with
certainty be met out of the revenues of the State, and that it contains
all the essential features of finality.
Third. We reassert our adherence to the Constitutional
requirements for the “equal and uniform” taxation of property,
exempting none except that specified by the Constitution and used
exclusively for “religious, charitable and educational purposes.”
Fourth. We reassert that the paramount obligation of the various
works of internal improvement is to the people of the State, by whose
authority they were created, by whose money they were constructed
and by whose grace they live; and it is enjoined upon our
representative and executive officers to enforce the discharge of that
duty; to insure to our people such rates, facilities and connections as
will protect every industry and interest against discrimination, tend
to the development of our agricultural and mineral resources,
encourage the investment of active capital in manufactures and the
profitable employment of labor in industrial enterprises, grasp for
our city and our whole State those advantages to which by their
geographical position they are entitled, and fulfil all the great public
ends for which they were designed.
Fifth. The Readjusters hold the right to a free ballot to be the right
preservative of all rights, and that it should be maintained in every
State in the Union. We believe the capitation tax restriction upon the
suffrage in Virginia to be in conflict with the XIVth Amendment to
the Constitution of the United States. We believe that it is a violation
of that condition of reconstruction wherein the pledge was given not
so to amend our State Constitution as to deprive any citizen or class
of citizens of a right to vote, except as punishment for such crimes as
are felony at common law. We believe such a prerequisite to voting to
be contrary to the genius of our institutions, the very foundation of
which is representation as antecedent to taxation. We know that it
has been a failure as a measure for the collection of revenue, the
pretended reason for its invention in 1876, and we know the base,
demoralizing and dangerous uses to which it has been prostituted.
We know it contributes to the increase of monopoly power, and to
corrupting the voter. For these and other reasons we adhere to the
purpose hitherto expressed to provide more effectual legislation for
the collection of this tax, dedicated by the Constitution to the public
free schools, and to abolish it as a qualification for and restriction
upon suffrage.
Sixth. The Readjusters congratulate the whole people of Virginia
on the progress of the last few years in developing mineral resources
and promoting manufacturing enterprises in the State, and they
declare their purpose to aid these great and growing industries by all
proper and essential legislation, State and Federal. To this end they
will continue their efforts in behalf of more cordial and fraternal
relations between the sections and States, and especially for that
concord and harmony which will make the country to know how
earnestly and sincerely Virginia invites all men into her borders as
visitors or to become citizens without fear of social or political
ostracism; that every man, from whatever section of country, shall
enjoy the fullest freedom of thought, speech, politics and religion,
and that the State which first formulated these principles as
fundamental in free government is yet the citadel for their exercise
and protection.
Virginia Democratic.
1884—Democratic Platform.
1884.—Republican Platform.