UNIT 4: OUR PLANET

Short Adjectives and Adverbs S+ be/V + adj/adv (ngắn) - er + than + {noun/pronoun}

(Tính từ và Trạng từ ngắn)
Today, it is hotter than it was yesterday.
He works harder than he did last year.

Long Adjectives and Adverbs S+ be/V + more adj/adv (dài) + than + {noun/pronoun}
(Tính từ và Trạng từ dài)
She is more careful than her mother is.
He sings more beautifully than other competitors.

- Những tính từ hai âm tiết mà tận cùng bằng y (y ⇒ ier), ow,er,et thì so sánh như
tính từ ngắn
Ex: quiet ⇒ quieter ; clever ⇒ cleverer ; happy ⇒ happier ; narrow ⇒ narrower
- TÍnh từ ngắn có tận cùng bằng môt nguyên âm + phụ âm (trừ w, x, z) thì gấp đôi âm
cuối
Ex: big ⇒ bigger ; red ⇒ redder ; hot ⇒ hotter
- Để nhấn mạnh mức độ, ta sử dụng:
+ much/ a lot/ far + so sánh hơn
+ little/few/ a bit/ slightly + so sánh hơn

Short Adjectives and Adverbs S+ be/V + the + adj/adv (ngắn) - est +{in/of}
(Tính từ và Trạng từ ngắn)
John í the tallest boy in my family.

Long Adjectives and Adverbs S+ be/V +the most adj/adv (dài) +{in/of}
(Tính từ và Trạng từ dài)
He did this work the mót successfully.

- in: đi với danh từ tổ, nhóm, nơi chốn: in the goup, in the world …
- of: đi với danh từ thời gian: of the year, of my life
Ex: Birthday is the happiest day of my life

- Để nhấn mạnh mức độ, ta sử dụng: by far, easily, nearly, … + so sánh nhất
+ Mario is by far the best restaurant in town.
+ I’m nearly the oldest in the class.

Đối với tính từ S + be + adj + enough + (for somebody) + to do something

She is tall enough to reach the bookshelf.

Thế oranges are ripe enough for us to eat.

Đối với trạng từ S + V + adv + enough + (for somebody) + to do something

 He explains clearly enough for me to understand.
She walks quietly enough for the baby to sleep.

Đối với danh từ S + V/be + enough + noun + (for somebody) + to do something

I have enough tickets for everyone to watch the football match.

They don’t have enough rooms for the guest to sleep.

“too…to”: quá đến nỗi không thể

Đối với tính từ S + be + too + adj + (for somebody) + to do something

The weather is too bad for us to go camping.

These shoes are too small for me to wear.

Đối với trạng từ S + V + too + adv + (for somebody) + to do something

He speaks too fast for me to understand.

She drives too carelessly for the children to feel confortable.

I. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

EXERCISE 1: COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE BELOW

avalanche disease drought earthquake famine

flood hurricane tsunami volcanic eruption

1. A huge cloud of ash from the _______________ means planes cannot fly near
the island.
2. The ________ has brought rain and winds of 180 km/h
3. Over 30 cm of snow has fallen in two days, so the chance of an _________ is very
high
4. The ________ is spreading from village to village, and thousands of people are
very ill.
5. The ___________ is worse this year because the rice and vegetable crops have
both failed.
6. When the house shook, I knew there was a/an _______________
7. Nobody was on the beach when the __________ reached the shore.
8. The _____________ has killed animals who usually drink from rivers and streams
which are dry now.
9. Because of the ___________, travel is impossible without a boat.
EXERCISE 2: CHOOSE THE WORD/PHRASE THAT BEST FITS THE BLANK SPACE IN
EACH SENTENCE
1. Oh, no! Look at those ___________! I hope you brought your umbrella with you.
A. mist B. rain C. storms D. clouds
2. I’m scared of __________ because of the loud noise.
A. showers B. rain C. thunder D. storm
3. When it’s ___________, you should carry a raincoat with you.
A. cloudy B. sunny C. frosty D. windy
4. In the winter, people love watching __________ fall. It’s amazing that each one is
different.
A. showers B. winds C. snowflakes D. raindrops
5. I don’t mind the weather because I like watching ___________ run down from the
window.
A. floods B. snowflakes C. clouds D. raindrops
6. I prefer a _______________ to heavy rains because I know it won’t last long.
A. shower B. wind C. snowflake D. snow
7. It was a ________ night with heavy rain and very strong winds. I didn’t sleep at all.
A. cloudy B. windy C. sunny D. stormy
8. The pavements are very __________ so be careful not to slip.
A. frosty B. snowy C. icy D. misty
9. The ____________ of a volcano can cause a tsunami.
A. eruption B. thunderstorm C. earthquake D. shower
10. Scientists’ ____________ is that climate change will get worse in ten years.
A. championship B. prediction C. survival D. solution
11. Hurricane Katrina caused __________ in New Orleans in 2005.
A. temperature B. comparison C. explosion D. devastation
12. The fire caused the ____________ of an old theater.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destructively
13. We must give some animals ___________ so they can survive.
A. protection B. comparison C. explosion D. devastation
14. Burning too many _________________ has caused global warming.
A. fossil fuels B. environment C. greenhouse D. global warming
15. _____________ has created an Artic shipping route possibility.
A. Thunderstorm B. Nuclear war C. Global warming D. Ice cap
16. Carbon dioxide is the main_________________.
A. alternative B. chimney C. pollution D. greenhouse gas
17. _______________ is adding to the problem of global warming
A. Observation B. Protection D. Deforestation D. Eruption
18. Major steps are being taken to control the ________________ of beaches.
A. pollution B. solution C. contaminate D. consumption
19. The town is 500 meters above ______________.
A. exhaust fumes B. sea level C. hail storm D. natural disaster
20. Many of Africa’s big animals are being driven to ___________ due to illegal
hunting.
A. greenhouse B. extinction C. pollution D. emergence
21. Many people have been forced to leave their homes because of _____________.
A. floods B. drizzles C. showers D. raindrops
22. If too many species _____________ out, it will upset the ecosystem.
A. disappear B. die C. go D. extinct
23. Our teacher told us that if we don’t ___________ the environment, our
grandchildren may not even be able to carry on living.
A. look into B. look out for C. look after D. look for
24. The _______ of the ozone layer is a serious problem that must be dealt with now.
A. destruction B. disaster C. devastation D. damage
25. Make sure your car runs on unleaded petrol and your home uses sources of
_________ energy.
A. recycling B. reused C. renewable D. recyclable
26. Everyone knows about pollution problems, but not many people have ________
any solution.
A. come up with B. looked into C. thought over D, got round to
27. Sadly, the ___________ of many species in the wild is already in doubt.
A. survive B. surviving C. survival D. survivor
28. If we continue to ________ the world’s resources at this rate, there will soon be
none left.
A. finish B. use up C. damage D. throw away
29.The system will allow for 100% source capture of exhaust _____ from all
district-operated vehicles.
A. air B. fumes C. pollutants D. fog
30. One way of cutting down waste is in _________ such things as glass and paper.
A. recycle B. renew C. repeat D. redirect
31. _______ rain causes slow but considerable damage to forests, lakes, and rivers.
A. Acid B. Noxious C. Poisonous D. Lethal
32.The burning of ___________ fuels cannot be allowed to continue unchecked.
A. remnant B. burnt C. vestige D. fossil
33. If you want to be healthy, you should ________ your bad habits in your lifestyle.
A. give up B. call off C. break down D, get over
34. A boat is ____________ than a plane.
A. slower B. slowest C. more slow D. more slower
35. My sister dances ____________ than me.
A. good B. well C. better D. more good
36. He drives _______________ his brother does.
A. more careful than B. more carefully C. more carefully than D. as careful as
37. Her office is ____________ away than mine.
A. father B. more far C. farther D. rarer
38.Tom is ___________ than David.
 A. handsome B. the more handsome C. more handsome D. the most handsome
39. He did the test ____________ I did.
A. as bad as B. more bad than C. more badly than D. worse than
40. Most of the pupils are ____________ to pass the examination.
A. enough good B. good enough C. too good D. very good
41. They are _________ young _______ drive the car.
A. so/that B. too/to C. enough/to D. not only/ but also
42.- Why didn’t we make a fire? - It’s not cold ___________ to make a fire.
A. too B. enough C. such D. much
43. You can send me a letter if you want to, but your phone call is _______ for me.
A. enough good B. good as enough C. good enough D. good than enough
44. This lesson ____________ for me to understand.
A. is very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult too D. is too difficult
45. It's _____________ in here to have the window open. Can you close it,
please?
A. enough cold B. too cold C. very cold D. cold too
46. My new sofa is ___________ than the old one.
A. more comfortable B. comfortably C. most comfortable D. comfortable
47.My sister dances __________ than me.
A. good B. well C. better D. more good
48. My bedroom is __________ room in my house.
A. tidier B. the tidiest C. the most tidy D. tidier than
49. Worldwide rainforest _________ has been the aim of many
environmentalists.
A. preservation B. pollution C. destruction D. protect
50. Any amateur gardener knows _________ need two things to survive:
sunlight and water.
A. greenhouse B. energy C. plants D. animals
51. Many countries have signed up to international agreements which aim to
reduce the negative _________ of climate change.
A. result B. solution C. impact D. conclusion
52. Deforestation will lead to the extinction of rare animals due to the loss of their
___________, and extreme floods and land erosion.
A. environments B. home C. habitats D. survival
53. The __________ of the ozone layer is not a good thing for the Earth.
A. destroy B. destruction C. damage D. depletion
54. This road is ____________ than that road.
A. narrower B. narrow C. the most narrow D. more narrow

EXERCISE 2. MARK THE LETTER A,B,C, OR D TO INDICATE THE WORD(S) CLOSEST IN

MEANING TO THE UNDERLINED WORD(S) IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. Increased consumption of water leads to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.
A. enlarge B. exhaustion C. increase D. expand
 2. Unlike acid rain or deforestation, global warming may not be visible.
A. cultivation B. afforestation C. forestry D. clear-cutting
3. Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil,
and other chemicals in rivers, which makes the water unclean.
A. substances B. stuff C. contaminants D. wastes
4. My father gave up smoking two years ago.
A. liked B. continued C. stopped D. enjoyed
5. The World Cup event attracts people from every part of the globe.
A. map B. world C. sun D. moon
6. Our city is going to ban supermarkets from using plastic bags.
A. reduce B. encourage C. prohibit D. allow

EXERCISE 3. MARK THE LETTER A,B,C, OR D TO INDICATE THE WORD(S) OPPOSITE IN

MEANING TO THE UNDERLINED WORD(S) IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. The typhoon devastated a large section of the east coast.
A. built B. demolish C. destroy D. wreck
2. Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it. Yet it is one
of the limited and most endangered natural resources on our planet.
A. Clean B. Drinkable C. Polluted D. Running
3. One way to protect our environment from pollution is to reduce wasteful
consumption.
A. costly B. excessive C. safe D, economical
4. Renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power.
A. Non-renewable B. No-renewable C. Alternative D. Infinite

EXERCISE 4. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF PHRASAL

VERBS BELOW

look after heat up cut down ran out

die out close down use up give up

1. If the world’s tropical forests continue to disappear at the present rate, many
animal species will ____________.
2. The more forests we _______, the hotter the Earth becomes.
3. Kate often asks her cousin to _____________ the cat when she’s away.
4. You should ___________ smoking before it is too late.
5. If the factory ______________, 800 people will lose their jobs.
6. The Earth’s natural resources are being _____________ at an alarming rate.
7. I’ve got some money you can borrow if you ___________
8. Could you _____________ some soup for lunch now?

wake up stand up stay in go out

get up come back carry on break down
1. It was raining, so we _____________ and played computer games.
2. My dad’s car ________________ on the way to work, so he was very late
yesterday.
3. Shall I stop or do you want me to ______________?
4. “What are you doing tonight?” -”I will _______________”
5. Jack usually _____________ before his alarm clock goes off.
6. We had to ___________ in the meeting because there weren't enough chairs.
7. What time did you ____________ from the party last night?
8. She _________________ early to study for the exam.

EXERCISE 5. COMPETE THE SENTENCES WITH PRASAL VERBS.

1. It’s better to _______________ on clothes before you buy them.
2. You can ____________ up your jacket in the wardrobe.
3. They ______________ off their shoes before they went in.
4. We had some free time, so we ____________ around the shops.
5. _______________ on a jumper if you’re cold.
6. I couldn’t _______________ up my shopping bags because they are too heavy.

EXERCISE 6. COMPLETE THE TEXT ABOUT “CUMBRE VIEJA” WITH THE WORDS GIVEN
FOR EACH SECTION.

directions tsunami future tonnes volcano

Cumbre Vieja is an enormous, active (1) _____________ in the Canary Islands.

Scientists know that at some time in the (2) ______________ it will erupt. They are
worried that its side will collapse and (3)_______________ of rock will fall into the
sea. This would cause a huge (4) _______________ that would travel very fast in all
(5) _____________ away from the Canary Islands.

catastrophe damage energy equipment eruption

The wave would have enough (6) ________________ to cross the Atlantic and cause
terrible (7) ______________ to the east coast of America. This would be a (8)
______________. Although the scientists cannot predict exactly when the volcano will
erupt, they are going to put some (9) ________________ on the Cumbre Vieja which
will give them an early warning of a(n) (10) ____________________.

EXERCISE 7. COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF WORDS IN THE
BRACKETS.
Droughts don’t always become (1) ___________________ (nature) disasters but
when they do, they result in a famine, like the one in Ethiopia between 1983 and 1985. The
International Charity Oxfam says that famine is a (2) _______________ (combine) of
three (3) ______________ (fail): not enough food (4) _____________ (product),
not enough opportunities for people to get food, and most (5) ___________
(important), a slow (6) _________ (react) to the famine from local and international
(7) ___________ (govern). (8) ______________ (Organize) such as Oxfam ask
people around the world for (9) ________________ (donate) to help the victims of
famines and other disasters. Thousands of people in affected countries rely on the (10)
______________ (kind) of people who give their money to charities like Oxfam.

EXERCISE 8. WORD FORM

1. Many companies focus too much of their energy on taking market share from their
___________. (compete)
2. She has inherited her father’s large nose, which is very _____________.
(fortunately)
3. It’s still not possible to accurately ___________ the occurrence of the
earthquakes. (prediction)
4. Research results are more ______________ when they are independent of the
person who has conducted the study. (rely)
5. Biofuel has become a hot topic amongst ______________, who advocate for its
use. (environment)
6. The backdoor was too far away for her rubbery legs, and the only
_______________ was the sink. (alter)
7. The right questions will enable you to discover whether the ____________ has all
the necessary qualities for the job. (interview)
8. On their field trip, the students ____________ how a newspaper was put
together. (observant)
9. During the war in Italy, he is several times on the verge of _____________ and
each time is saved in an unexpected manner. (destroy)
10. The temperature was -20 degrees. It was ____________________! (ice)
11. Did you know that every __________ is a different shape and pattern? (snow)
12. The architects have made _________________ use of glass and transparent
plastic. (imagine)
13. The flowers show wellmarked adaptation to the color and ______________
insects (attract)
14. If we _________________ air with water we find it nearly 100 times lighter.
(comparative)
15. The drought has had __________________ consequences. (devastate)
16. Lorry drivers suffered from ________________ because the management would
not give them gloves. (frost)
17. To work, the author’s computer takes a risk to switch on the mobile phone below
________________ environment. (thunder)
 18. This phenomenon is believed to be caused by more than one particular
______________. (pollute)
19. The natural selection process is _________________of the fittest. (survive)
20.The fall from his horse knocked him _____________________ for several
minutes. (conscious)
EXERCISE 9: COMPLETE THE SENTENCE WITH THE COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE
FORM OF ADJECTVES.
1. Eating at home is ____________ than eating in restaurants. (cheap)
2. Are hums the _________________ animals in the world? (intelligent)
3. Gorillas aren’t the _________________ animals. (aggressive)
4. There is more traffic now, so the streets are _______________. (noisy)
5. History is much _______________ than physics. (interesting)
6. Giraffes are the _______________ animals in the world. (tall)
7. Dolphins aren’t the ______________ animals in the sea. (noisy)
8. Humans are __________________ than tigers (common).
9. People in cities work _______________ hours than in the past. (long)
10. Houses are ________________ than they were 10 years ago. (expensive)
11. Hanoi in summer is even _______________ than I expected (hot)
12. Blue whales are _______________ than elephants. (long)
13. Dos are __________ than cats. (big)
14. Have chimpanzees got the ___________ memory? (good)
15. This girl is the _______________ in her class. (thin)
16. The winter is the _______________ in a year. (cold)
17. My sister is _____________________ than I am. (good-looking)
18. Nina walks ________________ than her father. (slowly)
19. The Amazon River is the ______________ river in the world. (deep)
20.The Summer is the ________________ season in a year. (hot)

EXERCISE 10. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE WITH ENOUGH AND A NOUN OR AN

ADJECTIVE BELOW.

exercise funny old people time television

1. I haven’t got _______________ to finish my homework.

2. I didn’t enjoy the comedy. It wasn’t _____________________.
3. He doesn't do _______________to stay healthy.
4. We can't play football. There aren’t ______________.
5. Go to bed. You’ve watched ____________________.
6. I’m ____________________ to drive a car.

EXERCISE 11. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE WITH ENOUGH NOUNS OR ADJECTIVES IN

THE BRACKETS.
1. Susan isn’t ______________________ to reach that cupboard. (tall)
2. Is your English ______________ to visit Britain? (good)
 3. I never have _________________ to watch TV. (time)
4. It isn’t ________________ to go swimming (warm)
5. We haven’t got ___________________ to make pancakes. (milk)
6. Ben isn’t ____________________ to speak in front of the class. (confident)

EXERCISE 12. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE WITH TOO AND AN ADJECTIVE BELOW.

boring cold expensiv scary sweet tired untidy

e
1. It’s ___________________ in here to have the window open. Can you close it,
please?
2. That DVD is __________________. It’s $50.
3. I can’t drink this tea. It’s _________________.
4. That film is _________________ to watch from the beginning to the end.
5. I’m not going to stay up and watch the film with you. I’m __________________.
6. I can’t find anything in my room. It’s ___________________.
7. I’m not going to watch the horror movie with you. It’s ______________

EXERCISE 13. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE WITH TOO OR ENOUGH AND THE WORDS IN
BRACKETS.
1. The film’s __________________ for me. I’m leaving. (scary)
2. Have you had ________________? I don’t want you to be hungry. (food)
3. It’s _______________ here. Can you turn on the air conditioner? (hot)
4. The water isn’t _______________ to go swimming. You’ll freeze. (warm)
5. I’d like a new laptop, but it’s _____________________. (expensive)
6. Did you spend ____________ on this homework? (time)

EXERCISE 14. REWRITE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN ANOTHER WAY SO

THAT IT MEANS ALMOST THE SAME AS THE SENTENCES PRINTED BEFORE IT.
1. There is no one taller than my father in my family.
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
2. Other oceans in the world aren’t as large as the Pacific Ocean.
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
3. The white car is cheaper than the black car. (expensive)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
4. The patient was too weak to get up. (enough)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
5. Was the test not easy enough for you to do? (too)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
6. The child is too short to reach the ceiling. (enough)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
7. This soup is boiling, We can’t eat it.
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
 8. The morning is freezing. We couldn’t go swimming.
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
9. He drove too quickly for John to keep pace with him. (slowly)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
10. She is too young to get married. (enough)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 15. REWRITE THE SENTENCES WITH THE SAME MEANING USING TOO AND
ENOUGH AND THE OPPOSITE ADJECTIVE
1. We’re too late to see the start of the film. (early)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
2. I’m too young to see that horror film. (old)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
3. The film wasn’t long enough. (short)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
4. SHe isn’t patient enough to wait. (impatient)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
5. He’s too unpopular to win the award. (popular)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
6. These jeans aren't dry enough to wear. (wet)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
7. His car isn’t fast enough. (slow)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
8. He’s too mean to pay for my ticket. (generous)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 16. REWRITE THE WORDS IN BOLD WITHOUT CHANGING THE MEANING. USE
THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS AND ANY OTHER APPROPRIATE
WORDS.
1. The journey is less fast by train than by car. (slow)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
2. You should drive more carefully. (dangerous)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
3. It was the easiest exam I’ve ever done. (difficult)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
4. We stayed in the least clean hotel in the world. (dirty)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
5. She wants to have a more relaxed life. (stressful)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
6. Tome has a less loud voice than Toby. (quiet)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
7. He's a lot more confident than he used to be. (shy)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
 8. Mai doesn’t pain badly. (good)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
9. Her house isn’t as near to the park as ours. (far)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________
10. People often walk less slowly in a city than in the countryside. (fast)
⇒ ____________________________________________________________