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1.
Genuksari Pertiwi Kindergarten,Semarang, Indonesia
2.
Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Correspondence address: p-ISSN 2252-6404
Genuksari Pertiwi Kindergarten Semarang Indonesia 50237
e-ISSN 2502-4515
E-mail: umiastuti@gmail.com
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Umi Astuti, et al./ Journal of Primary Education 9 (5) (2020) : 501–510
The applied method was quantitative with The anxiety levels of the children at
the associative or clausal approach. It had a Genuksari Pertiwi Kindergarten, Semarang,
purpose to find out the correlation between could be seen from three-dimension. They were
parental attachments toward separation cognitive, psychophysiological, and behavioural
anxieties of children. The research population or opposition dimensions. The average
consisted of 793 participants aged 5-6 years old. descriptive analysis result and the deviation
The sampling technique was purposive standard of separation anxiety and parental
sampling. It involved 185 early childhood attachment are shown in Table 1.
children (87 boys and 98 girls).
Table 1 shows the mean and deviation mean than the deviation standard. It represents
standard of separation anxiety (M= 60, 864; excellent data distribution.
SD=4,862). The mean and deviation standard of Then, the data about anxiety level based
parental attachment are M= 75,50; SD= 8,462. on the cognitive dimension of the children were
The descriptive statistics results show higher anxious that something bad could happen on
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Umi Astuti, et al./ Journal of Primary Education 9 (5) (2020) : 501–510
themselves or other attached objects while anxiety level within a cognitive dimension on
parting shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 is a chart of the children.
72
The cognitive dimension percentage (%)
28
0 0
Based on the Figure 1, the cognitive a child's personality, from birth to adulthood. A
dimension anxiety level of the children is in a positive family life will provide the basic features
low category with a percentage of 71%. The of forming a good child's personality.It meant
cognitive dimension percentage is deficient, with most of the children had lower anxieties in their
a percentage of 28%. Meanwhile, there are none first year school period. They felt better and
of the students categorized high or extremely confident while being left by the attached figures
high in this dimension. This means that most for them, their parents.
children experience low anxiety when the child Then, to find out the anxiety level from
starts schooling. Children feel confident when psychophysiological dimension, Figure 2 is
they part with the sticky figure, namely parents. provided. It could be seen that the anxiety level
According to Mian (2014), the factors that within this dimension is low. It was due to low
influence anxiety in pre-school children are the stress due to activities done by the children. This
family environment, namely the first Figure 2 presents the anxiety level data within
environment known to the subject, the family the psychophysiological dimension of the
environment plays an important role in shaping children.
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Umi Astuti, et al./ Journal of Primary Education 9 (5) (2020) : 501–510
61
percentage psycho-physiological dimension
39
(%)
0 0
78
percentage behavioral anxiety levels
(%)
22
0 0
Based on the Figure 3, the behavioural assessment of parents towards children. Parents
dimension level of the children is in a low must give confidence and motivation to children
category with a percentage of 78 %. The so that children have confidence in themselves
behavioural dimension percentage is deficient, The description results of the children's
with a percentage of 22%. Meanwhile, there is parental attachment could be seen from three
no student categorized with high or extremely dimensions: trust, communication, and
high categories. It showed most children did not alienation. Table 2 explains the parental
feel anxious while parting from their parents. attachment of Genuksari Pertiwi Kindergarten
According to Godoy (2013) the most important children in Semarang.
influence in overcoming anxiety is the
Table 2 shows most Genuksari Pertiwi It showed there were transparent relationships
children had high trust (67.9%). It meant they between parents and children. They were also
really trusted their parents and had an intimate proud of their parents. Thus, they did not hide
relationship with their parents. The parents any complaints, any intentions, or anything to
provided all children's necessities. Then, the their parents.
communication aspect was categorized high, The next step involved the classical
with a percentage of 69%. It showed the children assumption test, consisting of a normality test.
were involved in parents' activities so they were The researcher also used regression test to
comfortable and thought their parents were examine the influence of parental attachment to
great. children's anxiety levels at the first school year.
On the other hand, the alienation score The regression test results are summarized in
was in a low category with a percentage of 58%. Table 3.
Table 3 shows the influence of attachment other external variables of this research. The F
and anxiety. It is proven by the R score, .284. It count score is 15.957. The Ftable score is 3.045,
meant there was a correlation between child with a significant level of 5%. The F count score is
attachment and separation anxiety. The R greater than F table on a significant level of 5%
square's score based on the table is .081. It (15.25 > 3.045). Thus, parental attachment
meant the influence of child attachment toward influenced the lower children's anxiety level at
the separation anxiety was 8.1%. Thus, the school.
remaining percentage, 91.9%, was influenced by
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Umi Astuti, et al./ Journal of Primary Education 9 (5) (2020) : 501–510
There was an influence between child secure attachment with their attached figures.
attachments toward children's anxiety levels to They also developed a trust not only for their
begin schooling. This anxiety had positive mothers but also their surroundings. Early
attachment indicated by high communication childhood period is a critical period to develop
and trust and low alienation aspects. High trust.
attachment lowered children's anxiety as If it fails to be developed, then a distrust
indicated by lower cognitive, behavioural, and will occur. This feeling, trust, is a foundation of
psychophysiological dimensions. healthy social-emotional development for the
This finding is supported by Van et al. next stage (Kochanska & Kim 2012). Trust will
(2014) and Verissimo et al. (2014). They found be developed in a predictable nurturing
that maternal attachment to children influenced environment for children. Children could predict
positively toward lower anxiety levels. Thus, it that a nurturing figure should be stable and
influenced the children's social development. could create an enjoyable and comfortable
Positive attachment toward children seemed atmosphere. Thus, they could feel being
more socially involved and emphasized on accepted and loved. Therefore, children need
contributive social, emotional, and mothers as nurturing figures, especially to create
cognitive skills toward peer-acceptance at a strong bond (bonding). According to Corwin
schools. On the other hand, child attachment (2012), positive attachment cycle is the existence
with mother and high alienation between them of attached figures as the basis of exploration
would trigger aggressiveness of the children encouragement. It will influence children's social
(Moss et al., 2007; Gault-sherman, 2012). skills.
Children with positive attachments had Anapratiwi et al. (2013) also found a
better trust. It is a crucial matter for them to correlation of attachment between children and
develop secure attachments to their mothers. mothers toward the children's socialization
Low empathy children and lack skills. Children with positive attachment had
acknowledgement on other people were better socialization skills. Children with high
correlated to the lower parental trust during the trust and lower anxiety would easily develop
children's childhood (Cortazar & Herreros, friendly relationships toward parents or other
2010). children. When children had trusted, they would
An excellent communication quality have healthy social relationships and could
between a mother and a child extremely easily adapt to the environment. They believed
influences maternal attachment realization in such a secure and comfortable environment
Thomson-Hollands, 2014). High alienation was (Shahidul & Karim, 2015). Meanwhile, children
not something good for mother-child with lower attachment influenced the denial of
attachment. It could be caused by the mother's anxiety. Thus, it led to lower socialization skills.
business such as additional and external tasks They would be afraid and alert to any
(for example, becoming an active organizational potential threats even when they did not exist.
member) so that she had limited time for her With so much directed energy for protection,
child. It might also be due to the mother's they would have lesser energies to develop their
business to take care of the households (Hardani interest and to learn. Thus, it would be difficult
et al., 2017). to be directed or guided (Hoeve et al., 2012).
Maternal attachment to children These children would have high alienation
supported social adaptation in an early feeling and mistrust or suspicion. They seemed
childhood peer group. It could provide a positive like capricious persons and afraid of any
foundation and became the influential factor of intimacy. It might turn to distrust upon other
children's socialization development (Kochanska people's loyalty or preparedness. They would
et al., 2009). Confident children toward also be afraid if they were left by their parents
environmental acceptance would consider a (Helmi, 1999).
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Umi Astuti, et al./ Journal of Primary Education 9 (5) (2020) : 501–510
Verissimo, M., Santos, A. J., Fernandes, C., Wampler, R. S., & Downs, A. B. (2010). Parent
Shin, N., & Vaughn, B. E. (2014). and peer attachment in minority males at
Associations between attachment security high risk fordelinquency. Clinical Social
and social competence in preschool Work Journal. 38(1) :107-119.
children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 60(1):
80-99.
510