BHOPAL

Location

INDIA MADHYA PRADESH BHOPAL CITY

• Bhopal is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative
headquarters of Bhopal district and Bhopal division. Founded by Raja Bhoj.
• The city was the capital of the former Bhopal State. Bhopal is known as the City of
Lakes.
• One of the 21 Fastest Growing Cities in India. Bhopal is the 20th largest urban
agglomeration in India.
• It is 744 km south of New-Delhi and 779 km northwest of Mumbai.
 Geography and natural resources
• City's geography has in it
two lakes namely upper
Municipal Land Area: Average elevation of
28717 Hectares 427 meters (1401 ft.) lake and lower lake.
• The catchment area of
the Upper Lake is 361
km² while that of
Latitude: 23 degree 16 Is just north of the upper the Lower Lake is 9.6
minutes North limit of km². TOURIST MAP
the Vindhya mountain • The Upper Lake drains
Longitude: 77 degree 36 ranges. Located on
minutes East the Malwa plateau into the Kolar River.
The Van Vihar National
Park is a national park
Bhopal city is divided into two situated besides the
parts where one part which is Upper Lake.
near the VIP and lake is old
• Is just north of the upper
Bhopal (north) and the other is
New Bhopal (South). limit of
the Vindhya mountain
The major hills in Bhopal comprise of Idgah ranges. Located on
Hills and Shyamala Hills in the northern region the Malwa plateau
and Arera Hills in the central region. `
 Geography and resources
The average yearly rainfall has been observed as 1160 cm.
It is observed that 93.6% of annual rainfall takes place in
the months June to September. the average temperature
being around 30 °C (86 °F). Bhopal has a humid
subtropical climate.
 Administration
It houses the State Legislative Assembly, or the Vidhan Sabha. In 1973, the city had a 'City Improvement Trust', to assist
the Bhopal municipal body. In 1973, the Improvement Trust converted to Bhopal Development Authority (BDA) under the
Madhya Pradesh. Town and Country Planning Act, 1973. The Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tatha Gram Nivesh Niyam 1973 (the Act)
provides for formation of development authorities in the State.
"Majlis-e-intezamia" was the name of first municipal body, which
came into being in 1907 in the erstwhile Bhopal estate . Upto 1956
the area under Bhopal Municipal limit was very small , but after
that few more surrounding villages were added to it.
In 1983, Bhopal Municipal Council got the status of Municipal
Corporation, with total 56 wards.
At present total area under Bhopal municipal corporation is 285 Sq.
Kms. Initial constitution of Bhopal Municipality was a 20-member
committee, headed by a non -Governmental president.
 Period Year Major Event Additional Details

Legend
History Period 1010 Site Selection by Raja Bhoj – The poorer section of the
of AD Creation of the Upper Lake. society lined outside the
PRACHIR Unrest Construction of Earthen Dam. fort walls. This led to
GHANTA MARG
Raja Bhoj plan and division of economic and
RAJ MARG Feudal social groups.
MAHARATHYA Wars
(1010 – 1151 - Rani Salmali constructed the A Stone Wall with 6 major
CHOURAHA 1184 Subha Mandal (A place of Gates viz. Imami Gate, Peer
Evolution of 1870
BRAHMA STHAN AD learning & worship) Gate, Jumerati Gate, Itwara
Bhopal city AD)
Gate, Budhwara Gate, and
GATES Ginnori Gate was
1720 Dost Mohammad Khan fortified
constructed for protection
– the City and built the Fatehgarh
under the rule of Dost
1726 Fort
Mohammed Khan.
AD
1828 Qudsia Begum constructed Jama
AD Masjid. Built Shops, developed
roads.
Period 1871 Nazar Mohammad Khan executed City flourished under
of Peace AD the 'Company Government' Pact Begum Rule. Jahangir
(1871 – for Peace & Stability Mohammed Khan built s
1946 Jehangirabad. Also, City
AD) – sprawled towards Ginnori
1880 Begum Shahjahan built second
East and Mangalwara
– plan extension of
India (Unplanned & Haphazard).
1901 Shahajahanabad with Taj-ul-
Compan Industrial & Economic
AD Masjid, Taj Mahal etc.
y development took place
with railway system
establishment.
 Sadar manzil
History

Hamidia

Map showing intense development

of Bhopal City Core (Department,
1991).
Map showing Gates of Walled Core City Bhopal
Period Year Major Event Additional Details
Period after 1948 AD State was merged as Class 'C' in the Indian Period during which construction of residential
Independence (1947 Union quarters, secretariat and other office buildings
– Current) 1956 AD Bhopal became the Capital of New Madhya took place. Planned Townships arose along with
Pradesh better connectivity and services. Markets were
shifted from the City centre to other peripheral
1959 -1960 AD Overall Development Plan for Capital Project locations.
Area
1962- 1963 AD Interim Development Plan for Bhopal City
 Heritage and conservation
The fortified grid iron city of Bhojapala was located towards the east of the lake. About 35 km. towards south-east of Bhojapala was its sister city
called Bhojpur. This city in King Bhoja’s kingdom, perhaps its capital, was a bustling centre of trade and commerce.

Bhopal has several mosques, including the 19th-

century Taj-ul-Masjid, the largest mosque in
India. A three-day religious pilgrimage is held at
the mosque annually, which attracts Muslim
pilgrims from all parts of India. The Jami Mosque
was erected during 1833-56 CE during Qudsia
Begum’s reign

The ‘baoli’ (Hindi for step well) at The north of the Gohar Mahal became prominent
Bara Bagh is a beautiful example with the construction of the Moti Mahal. Built by
of stepwell architecture. Sikandar Jehan Begum in 1847 CE, this palace
became the administrative cum residential nucleus.
Taj mahal Bada bagh

Bharat talkies
Tajul masjid Jami masjid
Central library

Sadar manzil

Kamla park
 Demographics

House hold size 5.2

No. of households 382690
Year (0-6) 206,967
Ratio male female 917-1000
Urban population 80.53%
Decadal growth rate 24%
Density per hectare 50
Sc/st population % 12/3
 Demographics Total population
2000000 1798218

1500000
936168 862050
1000000

500000

0
POPULATION
TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Household ratio of Total literacy and employment

Employment Literacy ratio 721434
percentage Bhopal NON WORKING 445672
1167106
caste based population division
140616
300000
WORKING POPULATION 490496
250000 631112
242103
200000 261582
ILLITRATE 215961
150000 477543

100000 125393 116710 600468

LITERATE 720207
50000
1320675
46076 23863 22213
0
SC ST 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000

TOTAL MALE FEMALE FEMALE MALE TOTAL

 % of work distribution
Economy
With stable political environment it serves as a hot spot for trade and 17%
commerce. This position is also bolstered by high literacy. The major areas in 30%
Bhopal include New City and Old City. The prominent industries in the old city 3%
are those of cotton, electrical goods . M P Nagar is Bhopal's most prominent
9%
commercial area. The industrial suburb of Bhopal is Mandi-deep. Bharat
Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), has its unit in Bhopal. 0%
7%
10%
Indicator City (Municipal State India (Urban)
corporation) (Urban) 15% 9%

Per Capita Income Rs 47214 23539 35947

Legislators Professionals Technicians
Urban Poverty Ratio (% 9.72 21 13.7 Clerks Service/sales workers Skilled workers
of urban population) Craftmens Machine operators Elementry operations
Major industries Automobile, Sector wise distribution
Machinery, Textile,
BHEL Wood NEW MARKET M.P NAGAR
14%
33%

53%

Primary sector Secondry sector Tertiary sector

 Physical Infrastructure
Type of sewage system- underground and the door to door collection of waste. There
are three main valley provide natural drainage.
% Access to water supply % Access to Public toilets
17.88

33%

67%
82.12

% Access to water supply Access to electricity No access Variation of groundwater levels in an area

% Access to Electricity % household connected to waste water More water

3% availability
in less
depth
8.08
Less than 8
mbgl show
more
97% 91.92 water in
less depth.

Access to electricity No access Connected Not connected

 Water
Bhopal’s water supply: the Upper Lake and the Kolar reservoir. 35 to 40 per
cent of the population of Bhopal uses its own borewells to meet its daily water
needs. There are 35,000 private borewells within municipal limits.
Quality of water
More than 75 per cent of the samples
had total dissolved solids (TDS) and
alkalinity levels above the desirable
limit, while about 50 per cent had
higher hardness values than
prescribed. The study also indicated
bacterial contamination.
 Sewage and solid waste
City’s sewage ends in - Patra, Halali and Betwa rivers.

Sewage generated - 193

million liters per day
(MLD)
Sewage treated- 39 MLD
Remaining sewage goes
into water sources - upper
lake which is also a source
of drinking water for 40 %
of population.
The lower lake does not
have any freshwater
source; it receives
seepage water from the
upper lake and drainage
from 28 sewage-filled
nullahs.

The Habibganj sewage pumping station, which pumps sewage to Old

Shahpura Pumping Station, is ineffective as sewage does not reach it due to
broken and choked lines
 Transportation
• The NH12 and NH86
intersect each other at
Bhopal connecting Jaipur,
Jabalpur, Raisen and Dewas.
• Bhopal is a transit point to
travel between Indore,
Hoshangabad, Sehore,
Raisen , Kolar, Vidisha and
Sanchi.
• Roads could not be developed
due to topographicaL
configurations and site
conditions are
• Road from village Chunabhatti
to Bhadbhada
• Road from Asha Niketan to the
proposed Ring Road along
Bhopal-Itarsi Railway line.
10% annum growth in vehicular traffic over the last
decade, of which 80% are 2wheelers Walk 44%
MAJOR ISSUES WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Transportation
• The levels of service in terms of journey
and waiting time, are not satisfactory.
• Ineffectiveness of bus lanes during peak
hours.
• Lack of integration with other public
transport modes.
• lack of facilities for disability.
• Inadequate bus stop facilities such as
sheltered waiting areas, toilets, etc
• Overcrowding due to inadequate system. Poor transit quality
• Frequency of service and schedule is not
strictly adhered
• Detrimental Effects of Public Transport on
City Environment
SOLUTION
Integration of Public Transport system for
savings of time.
• Rationalization of bus routes, bus- • The avg. trip length for walking - 1 km in 11
schedules, up gradation of bus stops and min
buses • From mandideep to habibganj till NH-86.
display of complete information, Shuttle BRT- 36 km stretch. T.T nagar, kamla park,
bus services Safety of pedestrian
has new market. Highly used so most
o Express bus services o Point to point Lack of multi modal integration effected. No pedestrian corridor.
service
 Transportation

No designated stops Poor maintenance

 Social infrastructure
Spatial Distribution of Parks in Bhopal
Bhopal has about 30,000 acres of green cover that affects its
microclimate; a buffer zone of huge trees bring down city’s
temperature by about 5 degree Celsius.
Social Need
High concentration of dwelling in the old areas of Bhopal, they are
highly dense and hence they are in more need of urban parks
which is not present there.

There is a need of health and educational facilities, for increasing

demand of population and improper health facilities in slum
areas.
Proximity:
All the major parks of Bhopal and 5 minutes & 10 minutes walking
distance from the center of the parks which is 400m & 800m.
Indicators for Peri Urban areas Development plan
Bhopal development Plan 2005
• Draft development plan of Bhopal was published on 17-10-94.
• Mandideep, exerting pull of expansion, this area becomes prime choice for
future city expansion.
• Two sub-cities to
accommodate around 10
lakhs additional
population, on located
around Misrod & Neori.
Built up and growth of city Prior to the year 1989 the activities were concentrated mainly
around industrial areas (BHEL) and the old city. From 1989 to 1999
the city expanded mainly in the northern direction. The growth
pattern of Bhopal between 1999 and 2009 indicates a shift in
preference for areas in the south and south-east, mainly between
Kolar road and Hoshangabad.
Urban sprawl on the western part of the city was discouraged due
to the presence of the Upper Lake. The city also expanded on NH-
12, in the direction of Mandideep industrial area. The recent built-
up sprawl is around the airport and cantonment areas.

Study of Urban Area Bhopal, 2011

Density mapping
Land use
1975-1991
Land use 2005

Land use

7%3%
15%
46%

17%
8% 4%

Residential Commercial
Industrial Recreational
Transportation Public and semi public
Public utilities
 Poverty and slum
Demographics of slum of Bhopal city
Slums- 380
Slum Population and HHs- 936066 Pop. and 183989 HHs.
The decadal slum growth was around 110%, just a little higher than
the National average. slum population went up by a massive 857%,
 Basic Services for Urban Poor
There are total 12 BSUP projects are in progress in Bhopal.
• 10 projects of Housing and Infrastructure sanctioned for Rs.
26039.60 lac.
• 2 projects of Integrated Development of Slum and Poor
Locality for Rs. 8061 lac.
• Rs 21870.23 lac received as various ACA installment through
GoI, State and BMC’s matching share.
 Environmental issues
The last six decades have seen rapid urbanization near the
Bhoj Wetland resulting in various environmental problems.
The water quality is getting deteriorated.

LAKE CLEANING PROGRAMME

‘Lake Bhopal Conservation and Management Project’, or the Bhoj Wetland
Project: The project covers 23 municipal wards – 18 per cent of the city’s
area
In 2009, the state government decided to act. It began a public campaign – Apna
sarovar apni dharohar Bada Taal sanrakshan abhiyan – to increase the lake’s
capacity.
Bhopal land fill Following are some of the main activities suggested by the environment
scientists to improve the Bhoj wetlands:
•Dredging and de-silting are required to improve water quality.
•Treatment of catchment area.
•The government needs to develop a sewage treatment management scheme
to stop sewage from entering the lakes.
•Solid waste management and other shoreline or fringe-area management
activities besides deweeding, aquaculture, and installation of floating
The Bhopal gas leak fountains are also needed.

STRENGTH
• Eco- tourism, the project has been
initiated at village like Samardha.
• Heritage conservation should be
properly implemented to
conserve the historical
importance of city.
• The location and connectivity to
major cities plays a important role
in growth of city.
• They already have some place
making
• Eco- friendly, one of the least
polluted cities in Asia.
• Well planned with avg. distance
between neighborhoods 1-2 km
and city centers ranging from 3-
4km.
SWOT
WEAKNESS
• Insufficient civic infrastructure in old
city.
• High vehicle density.
• 50% of people in LIG and EWS
category.
• Unplanned and haphazard sprawl
among green areas.
• Deterioration of lakes.
• Old city have more compact growth
leading to traffic congestion.
• Lack of proper public
transportation.
• As there is high literacy but
employment is low
• Failure in development of transport
corridor led to poor phase wise
development
• There is also a need of solid waste
management in the city.
OPPORTUNITIES
• Potential for redeveloping government land
• Plenty of local skilled labours, due to migration
• The working class age group is high.
• The new city has wide roads but lacks
pedestrian vehicular segregation
• Many re-densification schemes coming up, new
areas being planned.
• Tourism can be an aspect to develop because of
lakes, zoological parks and Sanchi is 46 km from
Bhopal.
THREAT
• Low quality of education
• uncontrolled and unplanned development-
villages which are not urban areas as per the
census definition are getting into urban
sprawl, due to the presence of connectivity.
• The increasing slum population is a major
issue.