Activity: Instant velocity and acceleration

Solve the following activity and deliver a report to the teacher

1. A body is at the point (3,-4), after 3 seconds it passes to the point (7,-1). Determine
the average velocity and speed considering that all units are in the international
system.

∆𝑟 = (7 − 3) 𝑖 + (− 1 + 4) 𝑗𝑚

∆𝑟 = 4𝑖 + 3𝑗𝑚
4𝑖+3𝑗𝑚
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 3𝑠

2 2
𝑑= (7 − 3) + (− 1 + 4)

𝑑 = 7m
7𝑚
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 3𝑠

𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 =. 88𝑚/𝑠

2. A body is in the position described by the following expression at the time �

Calculate the instantaneous velocity at time = 5 sec. �

𝑣(𝑡) = (4 − 2𝑡) 𝑖 + 4𝑗𝑚/𝑠

𝑣(5) = (4 − 2(5)) 𝑖 + 4𝑗𝑚/𝑠

𝑣(5) = 14𝑖 + 4𝑗𝑚/𝑠

3. A basketball player throws the ball with a speed of m/s with such bad
luck that it bounces off the board with a speed of m/s. Calculate
the average acceleration knowing that the impact against the board lasts exactly
0.02 seconds.
 −2𝑖+𝑗𝑚+1.5𝑖+1.1𝑗𝑚
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = −.02𝑠

−.5+1.1𝑗𝑚
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = −.02𝑠

4. Analyze the following speed graphs of three different objects

a. Determine the change of the speed in time for each object.
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
Graph 1: 0 2 Graph 2: 0.6 2 Graph 3: -1.5 2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

b. Which object has the greatest change in speed?

- Graph 3
c. Which object has a constant speed?
- Graph 1
d. What is the physical meaning of the slope?
- When it goes up, it means the speed increases, and when it goes down it
decreases. On the other hand, if its a straight line the speed is constant

5. The position of a certain particle depends on time according to equation x(t) =

2
𝑡 − 5𝑡 + 1. 2 , where x is expressed in meters and t in seconds. It is requested:

a. Determine the displacement and average speed during the interval .3.0s ≤ x ≤ 4.0s
2
(3) − 5(3) + 1. 2 =− 4. 8𝑚
Speed:
4.8𝑚 𝑚
− 3𝑠
= − 1. 6 𝑠

2
(4) − 5(4) + 1. 2 =− 2. 8𝑚

Speed:
2.8𝑚 𝑚
− 3𝑠
= − 0. 93 𝑠

𝑚
− 0. 93 + 1. 6 = 0. 66 𝑠

𝑥𝑑(𝑡) = 2𝑡 − 5

b. Find the general formula for the offset during the interval between � and � + �� c.
Find the instantaneous velocity for any time t by making the limit when �� it tends to 0