Yr9 New Year Homework Name: ________________________

Dec 2019. Higher

Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

Time: 60 minutes

Marks: 67 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 27
Q1.
The diagram below shows a plant cell.

(a) In which part of a plant would you find this type of cell?

........................................................
1 mark

(b) (i) Give the function of the nucleus.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Give the function of the chloroplasts.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Give the function of the cell wall.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Give the names of two labelled parts that are not present in animal cells.

1. .............................................................

2. .............................................................
2 marks

(d) Tick one box in each row to show whether the statement is true for
photosynthesis or for respiration.

statement photosynthesis respiration

carbon dioxide is produced

Page 2 of 27
 light is needed

it occurs in plants and animals

oxygen is produced
2 marks
maximum 8 marks

Q2.
Diagram 1 below shows the lungs and the trachea, the airway leading to the lungs. One of
the lungs is drawn in section.

diagram 1

(a) In the wall of the trachea, there are pieces of a stiff material called cartilage.

Why is this stiff material necessary in the wall of the trachea?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Diagram 2 below shows one alveolus and its blood supply.

Page 3 of 27
 diagram 2

(i) Look at diagram 2, above.

Gas A enters the blood from the alveolus.
Gas B leaves the blood and enters the alveolus.
What are the names of gases A and B?

gas A .....................................................

gas B .....................................................
1 mark

(ii) Give one reason why it is easy for gases to pass across the wall of an
alveolus.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The diagram below shows a ciliated cell from the lining of the airway.

(i) What is the function of this cell in the airway?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) This cell is affected by substances in cigarette smoke.

Page 4 of 27
 What effect does cigarette smoke have on the cilia?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Give the name of the substance, in cigarette smoke, which causes addiction
to smoking.

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

Q3.
The diagrams below represent what happens to the energy in the food eaten by a
herbivore and a carnivore.

The width of each pathway indicates the amount of energy gained or used in a
particular way.

(a) (i) What percentage of the total energy, taken in by a herbivore, is stored in its
tissues? Use the diagram to help you answer.

................ %
1 mark

(ii) The energy stored in an animal’s tissues is passed on to the next animal in the
food chain.
Use information in the diagrams above to explain why there are usually no
more than four or five stages in a food chain.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

Page 5 of 27
 (b) Respiration takes place in cells, in structures called mitochondria. Why do muscle
cells contain large numbers of mitochondria?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Cows eat plants, but cannot digest the cellulose cell walls.
Micro-organisms in the cow’s stomach are able to digest the plant cell walls.
Suggest why cows cannot digest the cell walls but micro-organisms can.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) The diagram below shows cells from the inner lining of a mammal’s intestine.

The cell membranes in contact with the food are folded.

Explain why it is an advantage that these cells are adapted in this way.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks

Q4.
The diagram shows two types of cell in the lining of the windpipe.

(a) (i) These cells work together to keep the lungs free of bacteria and dust particles.
What word describes a group of similar cells which work together?

Page 6 of 27
 ……………………………….
1 mark

(ii) Mucus is a sticky substance.

Describe how mucus and cilia keep the lungs free of bacteria and dust
particles.

………………………………….…………………………………………….

………………………………….…………………………………………….

………………………………….…………………………………………….

………………………………….…………………………………………….
2 marks

(b) When a person breathes in cigarette smoke, the goblet cells produce extra mucus
and the cilia are damaged.
What will be the consequences of this?

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….
2 marks

(c) Give the names of two harmful substances in cigarette smoke.

In what way is each one harmful?

1. name of substance …………………………………………………………

harmful effect .……………………………………….……………………..

……………….……………………………………………………………….

2. name of substance ……………………....……………….……………….

harmful effect ……………………………………………………………….

……………….……………………………………………………………….
2 marks
Maximum 7 marks

Q5.
Molly used a pH sensor to test different liquids. She dipped the probe of the sensor
into each liquid and recorded the pH value in a table.

Page 7 of 27
(a) In the table below, tick one box for each liquid to show whether it is acidic,
neutral or alkaline. One has been done for you.

liquid pH value acidic neutral alkaline

alcohol 7

dilute hydrochloric acid 2

distilled water 7

vinegar 3

sodium hydroxide solution 11

2 marks

(b) Between each test Molly dipped the probe into distilled water.

(i) Why did she do this?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Which other liquid in the table could Molly use between tests to have the
same effect as distilled water?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Molly put a piece of magnesium into a test-tube containing 20 cm3 of vinegar.
She put another piece of magnesium into a test-tube containing 20 cm3 of dilute
hydrochloric acid.

Page 8 of 27
 (i) Molly thought that magnesium would react more vigorously with
hydrochloric acid than with vinegar.
What information in the table made Molly think this?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) How would Molly be able to tell if a more vigorous reaction took place with
hydrochloric acid than with vinegar?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) (i) Complete the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and
hydrochloric acid.

magnesium + hydrochloric → .................................. + ........................

acid
2 marks

(ii) After some time this reaction stopped. Why did the reaction stop?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 9 marks

Q6.
(a) Methane can be a gas, a liquid or a solid. In the diagram below, arrows P, Q, R and
S represent changes of state.

Page 9 of 27
 The boxes on the right show the arrangement of particles of methane in the three
different physical states.
Each circle represents a particle of methane.

(i) Draw a line from each physical state of methane to the arrangement of
particles in that physical state.
Draw only three lines.
1 mark

(ii) Arrows P, Q, R and S represent changes of state.

Which arrow represents:

evaporation? ............................................................

melting? ...................................................................
2 marks

(b) Methane is the main compound in natural gas. The scale below shows the
melting point and the boiling point of methane.

Methane has three physical states: solid, liquid and gas.

Page 10 of 27
 (i) What is the physical state of methane at –170°C?

.............................................................
1 mark

(ii) The formula of methane is CH4. The symbols for the two elements in methane
are C and H.

Give the names of these two elements.

element C .............................................

element H ............................................
2 marks

(iii) When methane burns, it reacts with oxygen.

One of the products is water, H2O.

Give the name of the other product.

..............................................................
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks

Q7.
(a) Sunil picked yellow, red and purple primula flowers from his garden.

He dipped the different flower petals into water and into two different solutions.
The pH of one solution was 1 and the pH of the other was 10.
The table shows the results.

colour of in solutions of in water in solution of

flower petals pH 1 pH 7 pH 10

yellow stayed yellow stayed yellow stayed yellow

red stayed red stayed red turned green

purple turned pink stayed purple turned blue

Which colour of flower petal would be most useful to make an indicator for both
acids and alkalis? Explain your answer.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks

Sunil crushed petals from each flower separately in some liquid and poured off the
coloured solutions. Then he put drops of each coloured solution into the middle of different
pieces of filter paper.

Page 11 of 27
 The solutions spread out on the filter paper. The diagrams show his results.

(b) What is the name of this method of investigating coloured substances?

..................................................................
1 mark

(c) Sunil made notes on his experiment. Some words are missing.
Complete the sentences.

When I crushed a flower in a liquid it produced a coloured solution.

This is because a coloured substance had ......................……….. in the

liquid. This shows that the liquid is a .............................................. for these

coloured substances.

My experiment shows that one of the flowers probably contained two

coloured substances. This was the ......................……….. flower.

3 marks
Maximum 6 marks

Q8.
Six groups of pupils burned magnesium in air. The magnesium reacted with oxygen to
form magnesium oxide.

They recorded the mass of magnesium used and the mass of magnesium oxide
formed. Their results are shown in the table.

group mass of magnesium (g) mass of magnesium oxide (g)

Page 12 of 27
 A 3.2 5.2

B 3.8 6.5

C 4.2 7.0

D 4.9 8.6

E 5.4 8.0

F 6.1 10.7

(a) Use their results to draw a graph below.

• Decide the scale for each axis. • Plot the points.

• Label the axes. • Draw a line of best fit.

4 marks

(b) (i) Which group’s results do not fit the general pattern?
Give the letter.
1 mark

(ii) How should the class deal with this ‘odd’ result?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

Page 13 of 27
 (c) Use the graph to predict the mass of magnesium oxide that will be formed by
burning 7.0 g of magnesium.

............. 9
1 mark

(d) The results show the relationship between the mass of magnesium and the mass
of magnesium oxide formed.

What conclusion could you draw about this relationship?

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 8 marks

Q9.
Zena has a model plane attached to a rod as shown below.
The plane is balanced by a sliding counterweight.

not to scale

(a) The rod is balanced horizontally.

(i) Calculate the turning moment produced by the counterweight about the
pivot.
Give the unit.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii) What is the turning moment produced by the plane about the pivot?

Page 14 of 27
 ................................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Calculate the weight, W, of the plane.

................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................N
1 mark

(b) There is a solar cell on the surface of the model plane.

Zena connected the solar cell to the motor of the plane.
The plane moved in a circle around the pivot.

Part of the path of the plane was in a shadow.

What happened to the speed of the plane as it moved from bright light
into low light in the shadow?

........................................................................................................................

Explain your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q10.
David made two electromagnets as shown below.
He used paper-clips to test the strength of each electromagnet.
He switched on the power supply in both circuits.

(a) How can you tell that the strength of both electromagnets is the same?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

Page 15 of 27
(b) David switched off the power supply in both circuits.
The paper-clips fell off the iron core, but not off the steel core.

Why is iron used, rather than steel, for the core of an electromagnet?
Use the diagrams above to help you.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) David used a sensor to measure the strength of an electromagnet.

He placed the sensor 25 mm from the electromagnet and increased the current in
the coil.

He repeated the experiment with the sensor 50 mm from the electromagnet.

The graph below shows his results.

Page 16 of 27
(i) How did the distance of the sensor from the electromagnet affect the
reading on the sensor?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) How did the size of the current in the coil affect the strength of the
electromagnet?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) What else could David do to an electromagnet to change its strength?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Page 17 of 27
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) • leaf
accept ‘stem’ or ‘stalk’
1 (L5)

(b) (i) • it controls the cell or cell’s activities

accept ‘it tells the cell what to do’
‘it is the brain of the cell’ is insufficient
accept ‘it contains or passes on (genetic)
information or genes or DNA’
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• absorbs light or Sun’s energy

accept ‘traps or catches light’
do not accept ‘it attracts light’

• photosynthesis
accept ‘it makes food or glucose or sugar
or starch or carbohydrate’
‘it produces oxygen’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

(iii) any one from

• gives the cell its shape

‘it protects the cell’ is insufficient

• supports the cell

1 (L6)

(c) any two from

• cell wall
accept ‘wall’

• vacuole

• chloroplast
2 (L6)

(d) •
photosynthesis respiration

Page 18 of 27
 if all four answers are correct, award two marks
if two or three answers are correct, award one mark
if more than one box is ticked in any row, do not credit that
row
2 (L6)
[8]

Q2.
(a) any one from

• to prevent it collapsing
accept ‘protects against collapse’

• to keep it open
‘for protection’ is insufficient

• for support
accept ‘for strength’
accept ‘for flexibility’
1 (L5)

(b) (i) A: oxygen

accept ‘O2’

B: carbon dioxide
accept ‘CO2’
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• it is thin

• it is one cell thick

• it is close to the blood supply

accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’
accept ‘it is moist’
1 (L6)

(c) (i) any one from

• it moves mucus
accept ‘it moves bacteria’

• it sweeps dust from lungs

‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

Page 19 of 27
 (ii) any one from

• it paralyses the cilia

• it stops the cilia working

• it clogs the cilia

accept ‘it destroys them’
do not accept ‘it kills cilia’
1 (L5)

(iii) nicotine
1 (L6)
[6]

Q3.
(a) (i) 10
accept answers from 7 to 13
1

(ii) any one from

• only some or 10% of the energy intake is passed on to the

next level in the food chain

• only some or 10% of the energy is stored in tissues

• some energy is wasted at each stage

• less energy is passed on to the carnivore

consequential marking applies
accept the percentage given in part (a) (i)
1

(b) a lot of energy is needed for muscle contraction

1

(c) any one from

• a cow cannot produce the correct enzyme

• micro-organisms produce the correct enzyme or cellulase

1

(d) folds increase the surface area

1

any one from

• more absorption takes place

• absorption takes place more efficiently

• absorption takes place more quickly

1

Page 20 of 27
 [6]

Q4.
(a) (i) tissue
1 (L7)

(ii) mucus traps bacteria or dust

accept ‘they are trapped by mucus’
1 (L7)

cilia move mucus out of the lungs or windpipe

accept ‘cilia move them upwards’ or ‘cilia move mucus’
accept ‘cilia remove bacteria or dust’
1 (L7)

(b) any two from

• mucus will build up

accept ‘cilia cannot move mucus’

• airways will be partially blocked

accept ‘blocked airways’ or named part of the airway
do not accept ‘lungs will be blocked’
accept ‘breathing will be more difficult’

• coughing

• lungs can become infected or bacteria are not removed

2 (L7)

(c) Both the name of the substance and its effect are needed for each mark.

any two from

• nicotine causes addiction or raised blood pressure or raised heart rate

or stops cilia working

• tar causes cancer or blocks the airways or clogs the cilia

or builds up in the alveoli
do not accept ‘tar blocks the lungs’

• carbon particles cause coughing or cancer

accept ‘carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen
carried in the blood’
2 (L7)
[7]

Q5.
(a)
liquid acidic neutral alkaline

Page 21 of 27
 alcohol

dilute hydrochloric
acid

distilled water

vinegar

sodium hydroxide
solution

award one mark for a correct tick for

both alcohol and distilled water
award one mark for a correct tick for
both vinegar and sodium hydroxide solution
if more than one column is ticked for any liquid
award no mark for the corresponding pair of liquids
2 (L5)

(b) (i) any one from

• to clean the probe or it

• to prevent contamination

• to get an accurate reading

• so the liquids do not get mixed up

• it is neutral
accept ‘to neutralise the probe’ or ‘so that it does not
affect the other liquids’ or ’to make it pH 7’
‘to make it a fair test’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(ii) alcohol
accept ‘the first or top one’
1 (L5)

(c) (i) hydrochloric acid has a lower pH or is more acidic

accept the converse
accept ‘vinegar is a weak acid’
‘vinegar is a weaker acid’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• more bubbles would be given off

accept ‘more bubbles’ or ‘more fizzing’

• bubbles would be given off more rapidly

• there would be a bigger rise in temperature

Page 22 of 27
 accept ‘there would be a rise in temperature’
or ‘the test-tube would get hot’

• the magnesium would be used up more quickly

1 (L5)

(d) (i) • magnesium chloride +

1 (L6)

• hydrogen
answers may be in either order
1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• the acid was used up

accept ‘there were no reactants left’

• the magnesium was used up

accept ‘one of the reactants has been used up’
accept ‘the reaction was complete’
do not accept ‘the magnesium had dissolved’
1 (L6)
[9]

Q6.
(a) (i)

all three lines must be correct for the mark

1 (L6)

(ii) evaporation: P
1 (L5)

melting: R
1 (L5)

Page 23 of 27
 (b) (i) liquid
1 (L6)

(ii) carbon
1 (L6)

hydrogen
1 (L6)

(iii) carbon dioxide

accept ‘CO2’
accept ‘carbon monoxide’ or ‘CO’
accept ‘carbon’ or ‘soot’
answers must be in the correct order
1 (L6)
[7]

Q7.
(a) purple
1

any one from

• it changes colour in both acids and alkalis

do not accept ‘it changes colour in acids’
or ‘it changes colour in alkalis’

• it goes pink in acid or pH1 and blue in alkaline or pH10

1

(b) chromatography
1

(c) dissolved
answers must be in the correct order
do not accept ‘made a solution’
1

solvent
1

red
accept ‘second’
1
[6]

Q8.
(a) • X-axis: mass of magnesium (g)

• Y-axis: mass of magnesium oxide (g)

both labels are required for the mark
units are required for the mark

Page 24 of 27
 pupils can gain credit for correct responses to other
parts if the axes are wrongly labelled or magnesium
is on the Y-axis and magnesium oxide is on the X-axis
1 (L7)

• reasonable scales
accept a scale of 1 g or 2 g per 5 small squares
scale need not begin at zero
1 (L7)

• reasonably accurate plotting of all points

all points plotted to ± 1 small square
1 (L7)

• a line of best fit drawn

1 (L7)

(b) (i) E
1 (L7)

(ii) any one from

• ignore it in drawing the line of best fit

accept ‘ignore it’

• they could predict the figure from the line of best fit
accept ‘they could use the graph line’

• they should repeat the reading

accept ‘check it’
pupils can gain credit for a response which suggests they
should predict the correct value from the pattern
or ignore the anomalous results or repeat the reading
1 (L7)

(c) a number from 11 to 13

accept a value consistent with the line of best fit
the unit is not required for the mark
1 (L6)

(d) any one from

• the greater the mass of magnesium burned the greater the mass
of oxide formed

• the magnesium and oxygen react in fixed proportions

• the mass of magnesium oxide formed is proportional to the mass

of magnesium burned

• the greater the mass of magnesium the greater the mass of oxygen
that combines with it
1 (L6)
[8]

Page 25 of 27
Q9.
(a) (i) • 100
accept ‘5 ×20’
1 (L7)

• Ncm
accept ‘cmN’
accept ‘1.0 Nm’ for two marks
do not accept lower case n
1 (L7)

(ii) 100
accept ‘the same’
accept the numerical answer to part a i
the mark for the unit may be awarded in part a ii
if not given in part a i
the unit is not required for the mark
1 (L7)

(iii) • 10
accept the numerical answer to a ii ÷ 10
1 (L7)

(b) • it decreased
accept ‘it slowed down’

any one from

• less light energy changed to electrical energy

accept ‘less light to power plane’
accept ‘it received less energy’
both the answer and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
do not accept ‘it stopped

• the voltage produced by the solar cell was lower

accept ‘less electrical or kinetic energy produced’
‘less light’ is insufficient do
not accept ‘no light to provide energy
1 (L7)
[5]

Q10.
(a) • both picked up the same number or four paper-clips
accept ‘they both picked up the same number’
accept ‘same amount of paper-clips’
accept ‘there were 5 out of 9 paper-clips left for both’
accept ‘the same mass of paper-clips’
‘they hold the same clips’ is insufficient

Page 26 of 27
 1 (L5)

(b) any one from

• it does not stay magnetised

• it can be turned off

accept ‘you cannot turn steel off’

• objects do not stay attached to it

• iron loses its magnetism

• steel stays magnetised

1 (L6)

(c) (i) any one from

• the greater the distance the lower the reading

• the further away the smaller the reading

accept the converse
accept ‘at big distance the field is weaker’ or the converse
accept ‘at 50 mm the reading is lower’
accept the converse
do not accept ‘the bigger the distance the smaller the amps
or current’
1 (L6)

(ii) • the greater the current the stronger the electromagnet

1 (L6)

(iii) any one from

• change the number of turns

• change the thickness of the wire

• change the diameter of the core

accept ‘use more coils’
accept ‘use fewer or less coils’
accept ‘put the coils closer together’ or the converse
accept ‘change the metal of the coils’
accept ‘use a different sized core’
accept ‘use nickel or cobalt core’
accept ‘use a different core’
‘use bigger coils’ is insufficient
‘use more wire’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘add more batteries’
1 (L6)
[5]

Page 27 of 27