CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans

Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Laboratory title: Lines and Curves

Learning Targets:
1. Define what is point, line, angles, quadrilaterals, and circles
2. Properly use a compass

A. INTRODUCTION

Points and Lines

A point represents a location in space or on a drawing, and has no width, height, or depth. A point is
represented by the inter- section of two lines, (a), by a short crossbar on a line, (b), or by a small cross, (c).
Never represent a point by a simple dot on the paper.

A line is defined by Euclid as "that which has length without breadth." A straight line is the shortest distance
between two points, and is commonly referred to simply as a "line." If the line is indefinite in extent, the
length is a matter of convenience, and the end points are not fixed, (d). If the endpoints of the line are
significant, they must be marked by means of small mechanically drawn cross-bars, (e). Other common
terms are illustrated from (f) to (h).

Either straight lines or curved lines are parallel if the shortest distance between them remains constant. A
common symbol for parallel lines is ||, and for perpendicular lines is _|_ (singular) or _|_s (plural). Two
perpendicular lines may be marked with a "box" to indicate perpendicularity, as shown at (k). Such symbols
may be used on sketches, but not on production drawings.

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 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Types of Lines

Type A—used to represent visible outlines,

visible edges

Type B—used to represent projectors,

dimension lines, hatching lines, locus lines

Type C—used to represent hidden lines,

hidden edges

Type D—used to represent imaginary lines

Type E—used to represent center line, axis of

solids

Type F—used to represent cutting planes

Quadrilaterals

A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by four straight sides. If the opposite sides are parallel, the
quadrilateral is also a parallelogram.

Angles

An angle is formed by two intersecting lines. A common symbol for angle is Z (singular) or Zs (plural). There
are 360 degrees (360°) in a full circle, as shown at (a). A degree is divided into 60 minutes (60'), and a
minute is divided into 60 seconds (60").

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 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

The different kinds of angles are illustrated from (b) to (e). Two angles are complementary, (f), if they total
90°, and are supplementary, (g), if they total 180°. Most angles used in technical drawing can be drawn
easily with the T-square and triangles.To draw odd angles, use the protractor.

Circles and Arcs

A circle, (a), is a closed curve all points of which are the same distance from a point called the center.
Circumference refers to the circle or to the distance around the circle. This distance equals the diameter
multiplied by π (called pi, pronounced pie) or 3.1416. Other definitions are illustrated in the figure.

● The diameter of the circle is the straight distance from one outside curved surface through the center
point to the opposite outside curved surface.
● The radius of a circle is the distance from the center point to the outside curved surface. The radius is
half the diameter, and is used to set the compass when drawing a diameter.
● A central angle is an angle formed by two radial lines from the center of the circle.
● A sector is the area of a circle lying between two radial lines and the circumference.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

● A quadrant is a sector with a central angle of 900 and usually with one of the radial lines oriented
horizontally.
● A chord is any straight line whose opposite ends terminate on the circumference of the circle. A
segment: is the smaller portion of a circle separated by a chord.
● Concentric circles are two or more circles with a common center point.
● Eccentric circles are two or more circles without a common center point.

The Compass

The compass, with pencil and inking attachments, is used for drawing circles of approximately 1" radius or
larger. Most compass needle-points have a plain end for use when the compass is converted into dividers,
and a "shoulder-end" for use as a compass. Adjust the needle point with the shoulder-end out and so that
the small point extends slightly farther than the pencil lead or pen nibs.

To draw a penciled circle:

(1) set off the required radius on

one of the center lines,

(2) place the needle point at the

exact intersection of the center
lines

(3) adjust the compass to the

required radius (1" or more)

(4) lean the compass forward

and draw the circle clockwise
while rotating the handle
between the thumb and
forefinger.

To obtain sufficient weight of line, it may be necessary to repeat the movement several times.

Any error in radius will result in a doubled error in diameter; hence, it is best to draw a trial circle first on
scrap paper or on the backing sheet and then check the diameter with the scale.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

B. PRE-LAB QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate a compass from a protractor.

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2. What is the importance of using proper line types?

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C. MATERIALS

1. Long Bond Paper

2. Pencil/Mechanical Pencil

3. Eraser

4. T-square/Ruler

5. Triangles

6. Compass

7. Protractor

8. Drawing Board/Table

9. Drawing Tape

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

D. PROCEDURES

1. Make sure that your drawing board/table and work area is clean. You must also have adequate lighting
and ventilation in order to work comfortably and efficiently.

2. Prepare all the needed materials. These should be kept

clean to prevent unnecessary marks in your paper.

3. Align your paper using the t-square and gently put drawing
tape on the sides or corner of it.

4. Kindly follow the Title Block below and make sure to use
proper line weights.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

5. Make corresponding guidelines based on the measurements provided. Take note that guidelines must
be extremely light.

6. Follow the dimensions and line types shown in the photos below.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

7. Using a protractor, measure the required angles.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

8. Using a compass, put the needle point on the center (see illustrations above) and the other end is on
the circle.

9. Gently move the other end of the compass from one point on the circle to the opposite point.

10. After drawing, erase all the unnecessary guidelines.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

11. Your final output must be like this.

12. After finalizing your Plate #2, clean your work area and your drawing materials.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 CIE 111: Engineering and Drawing Plans
Laboratory Exercise # 2

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class Number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

E. OBSERVATIONS

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F. CONCLUSIONS

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G. POST LAB QUESTIONS

1. What are the different types of lines?

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2. How do you properly use a compass?
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This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION