Plastering

1. Objectives And Requirements of Plastering.

2. Material for plastering.
3. Tools for plastering.
4. Method of Plastering.
5. Special External Finishes.
6. Precautions required to take before plastering
7. Defects in plastering.
 Objectives of Plastering

1. Provide a even, smooth,durable surface

for finishing.
2. Protect the construction material such as
brick, and concrete.
3. Conceal the defective workmanship.
4. Conceal the use of defective material.
5. Specially for internal plaster- make dust
proof surface.
 IMPORTANT TECHNICAL TERMS
• Background :- The surface to which first coat of
plastering is applied is called background.

• Dubbing out:- The filling the hollow spaces of the back

ground before applying the plaster is called dubbing out.

• Finishing coat:- The final layer of the surface finish is

called finishing coat.

• Hacking:- The process of making the background rough to

act as key for plastering is called hacking.
 Important Technical Terms (-ctd-)

• Gauging:- The mixing of various constituents of plaster

is called gauging.

• Rendering coat:- The first coat of plastering is called

rendering coat.

• Under coat:- The layer providing base for the

application of remaining coats is called under coat.

• Floating:- The process of providing a finishing coat with

a float is called floating.
 Requirements of plaster mix

1. It should provide nonabsorbent surface.

2. It should not contract in volume while
drying and setting.
3. It should adhere to the surface.
4. It should offer good resistance against
sound and fire.
5. It should give good decorative effect.
 Mortars used in plastering
• Mud mortar
• Lime mortar
• Cement mortar
• Water proof mortar
Tools for Plastering
 Method of plastering

Plastering: Estimation of quantity of materials (for 10 m2)

Thickness Mortar Cement Sand (1:3) Cement Sand (1:4) Cement Sand (1:6)
of plaster Quantity
in mm in m3 Cement Sand Cement Sand Cement Sand
m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3
6 0.072 0.0256 0.077 0.019 0.077 0.012 0.077

10 0.12 0.0426 0.128 0.032 0.128 0.021 0.128

12 0.144 0.0513 0.154 0.038 0.154 0.025 0.154

15 0.172 0.0613 0.184 0.046 0.184 0.030 0.184

18 0.216 0.0770 0.231 0.057 0.231 0.038 0.231

20 0.224 0.0800 0.240 0.06 0.240 0.06 0.240

Special external finishes for plastered surface

1. Rough cast finish

2. Smooth cast finish
3. Pebble dash finish
4. Depeter Finish
5. Sand face Finish
6. Scrapped Finish
7. Textured Finish/Stucco Finish
 Rough cast plaster: Estimation of quantity of materials (for 10 m2)

Rough cast plaster with a mixture of sand and gravel or crushed stone from 4.75 mm to 10 mm nominal
sized dashed over and including the fresh plaster in two layers, under layer 12 mm cement plaster 1:4 and
top layer 10 mm cement plaster 1:3 mixed with 10 % finely grounded hydrated lime by volume of cement

Item in 10 m2 Mortar Coarse Sand Find Sand Cement Aggregates of

Quantit Quantity in Quantity in In Kg size in between
y in m3 m3 m3 4.75 to 10 mm in
m3
(a) 12 mm under layer 1:4 0.144 0.16 - 55

0.10
(b) 10 mm top layer 1:3 0.12 - 0.13 61

(a) 12 mm under layer 1:5 0.144 0.16 - 44

0.10
(b) 10 mm top layer 1:3 0.12 - 0.13 61
 Various materials used in plastering
Sr. No. Type of Material
Plaster of Paris: Heating the Gypsum
1 wood, brick, Cement plaster, metals
2 Acoustic Plaster: Gypsum + water
3 Barium Plaster: Barium Sulphate
4 Asbestos- Marble mortar
Keene’s Cement: mixture of Plaster of
5 Paris and alum
6 White Cement or Coloured cement
Properties of Material
1) Adheres well to any surface like
etc.
2) Provide smooth surface.
3) White in colour and hence used for
ceiling plasters.
Form tiny bubbles in the plaster coat
which absorb the sound waves
Absorbs X-rays hence used in X-ray
rooms
Provides marble like Finish
1) White in colour, and having glass
like finish
2) Quite costly and used only for
Internal works
1) Provide good finish to the surface.
2) It gives hard and durable surface
Precautions required to take before plastering
1. Suction effect of background
2. Initial set of plaster mix
3. Shrinkage cracks
4. Mixed background
5. Thickness of plaster
6. Mortar mix
7. Number of coats
8. Sand for plaster
9. Sequence of plastering
10. Preparation of surface
11. Preparation of mix
12. Curing
 Defects in Plastering
• Cracking
• Blowing/ Blistering of Plaster
• Falling out of Plaster
• Efflorescence on Plaster Surface
• Popping and Crazing
 Defects in Plastering
• Blistering or Blowing of the plaster
This Consists of formation of one or more
swellings in small patches over the finished
plastered surfaces. This is caused due to
faulty slaking of the lime. Properly slaked
lime should be used.
 Defects in Plastering
• Falling out of the Plaster
in this, plaster from the same portion of the surface
comes out & results in the formation of patches. It is
called a peeling.
Causes:
1. Due to lack of adhesion
2. Excessive Moisture
3. Excessive moisture changes
4. Rapid drying of the plaster
5. Insufficient drying between each coat of plaster
 Defects in Plastering
• Cracking
• This consists of formation of cracks, in the
plaster work.
• Reasons:
1. Structural defects in the building
2. Old surface not properly prepared
3. Wet background
4. Excessive shrinkage of the thin coats
5.
 Recent advances/ Latest trends
• SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )
• It is a material derived from special kind of
volcanic glass.
• This volcanic glass is processed and
converted into well sealed tough glass
granules which is cementitious and is a good
replacement for sand in plastering.
• Each granule consists of glass walled closed
cells each enclosing near vacuum.
SINICON PP
SAND + CEMENT+WATER = PLASTER
 SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )
How does it work
• Sinicon PP makes home behave like a thermos flask
Scientifically it is a material with millions of vacuum cells
in each granule with less thermal conductivity./
• Formation of the vacuum cells is a characteristic property
of the material.
• A building plastered using SINICON PP, substantially
resists the ingress of heat/cold in the structure.
• If 20 mm thick Sinicon PP plastered brick wall would
effectively provide a reduction of heat equal to twin brick
wall !
 SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )
• Physical Properties
• Not flamable. It is safe to handle like sand.
• Not explosive. It is safe to handle like sand.
• Not hazardous to skin. Could be cleaned with water.
• Not hazardous to eyes except abrasion. Washable with
water.
• Not hazardous to Ingestion however avoid ingestion. If
consumed, drink 2 x 250 ml of water to dilute.
• Not Toxic.
 SINICON PP ( Patented Technology )
Material Properties
1. Exceptional Fire Resistance
2. Excellent Thermal Insulator
3. Light Weight
4. Low Water Permeability
5. Good Adhesion (in Plaster)
6. Zero Smoke and Zero Fumes
7. Non-Toxic Dust
 Advantages
• A Substitute for sand in plastering and other
applications.
1. K value ( thermal conductivity constant less)
2. Water permeability low
3. Increases durability/ life of the structure
4. Can be used over a roof
5. Can be used internal/external ( both
recommended )
6. Possible to use as a Fire proof seal
7. Both old and new buildings
 How SINICON PP is used

• It is a direct replacement for sand while

plastering.
• Mixing in a ratio of 4.5:1 ( S: C) .
• To prepare this a ratio of 1.5 bag of Sinicon
PP and 1 bag of cement + 36 litres water
• Area coverage
Roof : 20 mm thk = 50 Sq. Ft
25 mm thk = 40 Sq.Ft
Wall : 12 mm thk = 75-80 Sq. ft
 Pointing
1. Introduction
2. Method of pointing
3. Types of finishes to joints
 Pointing
It is finishing the mortar joints in the exposed
brick or stone masonry with suitable cement or
mortar joint.
Scope of pointing
1. Where smooth or even finish not required
2. Beauty of materials to be retained
 POINTING

• Final treatment with cement or lime mortar made to the joints of

the masonry to provide neat appearance is termed as pointing.

• The joint on the face of stone or brick masonry are roughly filled
in while the walls are being raised.

• They are after wards neatly finished off to make them water tight.

• The joints thus finished, give a better appearance to surface and

prevent rain water from entering the interior of the masonry.
 PURPOSE
1. To prevent the moisture and the rain water
from entering the interior of masonry
through joints and to make them durable.

2. To improve the appearance of the

structure.
 SUITABILITY
• Pointing is preferred to plastering under following
conditions.

1. When a smooth and even surface is not

essentially required.
2. Where it is desirable to exhibit to view the
natural beauty of the materials (bricks or stones)
used in construction.
3. When the workmen ship is neat and good.
 TYPES OF POINTING

The selection of particular type of pointing

depends upon the types of bricks or stone
used and the appearance required..
 TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
1. Flat or flush pointing

• In this pointing, the mortar is pressed tightly and the

joints are filled up and made flush with the face of the
wall.
• This is the simplest type of pointing and is provided
extensively.
• It is economical and durable because it requires less
labor than all other pointing.
• It does not afford a lodging place for dust.
 TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
2. Struck pointing

• In this pointing the face of the mortar joint instead of

keeping it vertical, its upper side is kept about 12 mm
inside the face of the masonry and the bottom is kept
flush with the face of the wall as shown in fig 14.2.

• This pointing has a better effect of throwing rain water.

• This is also known as ruled pointing.

• This pointing is the best in ordinary circumstances.

TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
3. Recessed pointing

• In this pointing the face of the mortar joint is

pressed inside by means of a suitable tool and is
left vertical instead of being made inclined.

• This pointing is provided when face work of good

textured bricks with good quality mortar is used.
TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
4. V-pointing

• This type of pointing is provided by forming a v-

shaped groove inside the mortar of the joint with a
special tool (steel or iron jointer).

• This pointing is commonly recommended for

brick work in case of governmental buildings.
TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
 TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)

5. Weather pointing

• This is similar to V-Pointing but in this case

instead of pressing a v shaped groove
inside, it is provided by forming a v shaped
projection outside the wall’s surface.

• This pointing is generally recommended for

superior brick work.
 TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
6. Keyed or grooved pointing

• In this case, the joints are first filled up flush, and then a
circular piece of steel or iron is pressed in and rubbed in
the middle of joints.

• Grooved pointing has a big groove in the face than

keyed.

• Keyed pointing gives an attractive appearance to the

structure and is generally used for superior work.
TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
TYPES OF POINTING (-ctd-)
Types of Finishes for Pointing joints
Pointing: Estimation of quantity of materials (for 10 m2)

Item in 10 m2 Mortar Sand Quantity of cement

Quantity Quantity
in m3 in m3 Cement Cement in
in m3 bags
Brick masonry wall with Flush, 0.03 0.032 0.0107 0.31
Struck, Keyed pointing
Brick masonry wall with V 0.046 0.049 0.016 0.47
groove, cut, beaded pointing
Brick Flooring 0.02 0.022 0.0072 0.20

Brick tile work 0.046 0.0489 0.016 0.47

Stone work with Flush, Struck, 0.023 0.025 0.008 0.24

Keyed pointing
Stone masonry wall with V 0.038 0.41 0.014 0.39
groove, cut, beaded pointing
 White washing

1. Preparation of white wash.

2. Preparation of Surface.
3. Application of white wash
 Colour Washing
Buff Colour Wash Multani Mitti + White
Wash

Green Colour Wash Boiled Mango Bark

+White wash + Tootia (
Copper Sulphate)
Blue Colour Wash Burnt Coconut Shells +
White Wash
Yellow Colour Wash Yellow earth + White
wash
Pink Colour Wash Vermiclion + White Wash