Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GenMathReviewer23 24
GenMathReviewer23 24
TYPES OF FUNCTION A 1
B 2
One-to-one Function
C 3
- If no two elements in the domain of F correspond to
D
the same element in the range.
- In every domain, there is only one range.
Examples: D = {A, B, C, D}; R = {1,2,3}
1. [(5,9), (0, -3), (3,1), (11, -7) DD Many-to-one Function
Answer:
D = {5,0,3,11}; R = {9,0,1, -7}
Answer: One-to-one Function As you can see, there are values in the domain that
have the same output value. So, in many-to-one
2. [(12,2), (11,3), (10,4), (9,5)] function, the domain values are all unique and you just
D = {12,11,10,9}; R = {2,3,4,5} need to check the range. If it is repeated or used by two
Answer: One-to-one Function or more values in the domain, the function will always
be many-to-one.
3. DOMAIN RANGE
Onto Function
A Every element of the function’s codomain is the image
1
B of at least one element of its domain.
2
C 1. [(15,16), (17, 18), (19,20), (21, 22)
3
D = {15,17,19,21}; R = {16,18,20, 22}
Answer: One-to-one Function
D = {A, B, C}; R = {1,2,3}
Answer: One-to-one Function 2. [(5,2), (3, 2), (1,5), (4, 3)
D = {5, 3, 1, 4}; R = {2,5,3}
Let’s look at the given sets of ordered pairs, we can see
Answer: Many-to-one Function
that in every domain, there is a unique value in the
range. One domain, One range.
Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024
3. DOMAIN RANGE In into function, always check the range, there is at least
one element that is left or not associated with the
values in the domain.
3e 7
4f 8 Function Represented by a Set of Ordered Pairs
5g 9 Example:
6h 1. Determine if [(a,x),(𝑦, 8), (13,2d), (q,st)] represents a
function.
D = {3e, 4f, 5g, 6h}; R = {7, 8, 9} DOMAIN RANGE
Answer:
DD Many-to-one Function
4. DOMAIN RANGE a x
y 8
13 2d
7w 1 q st
8x 2
9y 3
6z 4 DD
Answer: Function, One-to-one
DD
We can see that for every value in the domain, it
D = {7w, 8x, 9y, 6z}; R = {1, 2, 3, 4} corresponds to exactly one value in the range.
Answer:
DD One-to-one Function Therefore, it is a Function.
Into Function x -2 -1 0 1 2
- Every element of the domain will be associated with y 12 3 0 3 12
exactly one element of the codomain and at least one First step, make a table of values for x and y. Then, just
element of the codomain will not be associated with assign any input value x, for instance, -2, -1,0,1,2, and
any element of the domain. these values will be the domain of the given function.
Example/s: Next, substitute the first input value on the given
1. equation for you to get the output value.
DOMAIN RANGE f(x) = 3(−2)2 f(x) = 3(−1)2
f(x) = 3(4) f(x) = 3(1)
3e 7 f(x) = 12 f(x) = 3
4f 8 Continue this step until you get all the possible output
5g 9 values.
6h 10
1. [(-2,12), (-1, 3), (0,0), (1, 3), (2,12)
D = {3e, 4f, 5g, 6h}; R = {7, 8, 9, 10}
D = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}; R = {12,3,0}
Answer: Into Function Answer: Function, Many-to-one
DD
Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024
II. REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS USING PIECE-WISE How much is the 150% increase in the base salary?
FUNCTION
To convert percentage to decimal, just move the
Piece-wise Function decimal point twice to the left.
- a function which is defined by multiple sub-functions
with each sub-function applying a certain interval of the 150% → 1.5
function’s domain.
- also called a piecewise function or a hybrid function. Next, just simply multiply the base salary which is P60
by 1.5. The answer we got is P90. Therefore, the salary
Sub-functions Interval
to be paid if he works overtime is P90.
x2 + 2, if x < 0 For the 2nd function, for instance he worked for 9hrs,
f(x) = 3x – 2, if x ≥ 0 10hrs, 11hrs and so on. How do we compute for the
salary of the overtime work?
Examples:
1. The base salary of a worker is PHP 60.00 per hour for
We just simply subtract the first 8hrs of working hours
the first eight hours. If the worker works overtime,
since the start of overtime work is from 9th hour and
additional salary is 150% of the base pay per hour. A.
above.
Express the worker’s salary if he works x hours per day?
B. How much will his salary be if he works 10 hours in
9hrs – 8hrs = 1hr, 10hrs – 2hrs = 2hr, 11hrs – 8hrs =
one day?
3hrs.
Given: What did you notice from our example? 9hrs, 10hrs and
P60 – base salary per hour 11hrs? They are all belong to the interval x > 8.
150% - additional pay per hour for overtime Therefore, we can conclude that these are all possible x-
x – number of hour/s worked value, and they are subtracted by 8. Hence, we can say
S – salary that x – 8 is the function representing your overtime
work.
In the given, it says that the worker’s salary is P60 per
hour for the first 8 hours. It means that if he works, for Next, your first 8hrs of work is paid P60 per hour.
instance 6 hours, the base pay for him is still P60 per Therefore, you just need to multiply P60 by 8 to get the
hour. As well as if he works for 1hr, 2hrs up until 8hrs, salary for the first 8hrs of work.
the base pay is still P60 per hour.
P60 x 8 = P480 salary for the first 8hrs of work
He could work up to 8hrs or x = 8, he could work less
than 8hrs or x < 8 and it is still P60 per hour, so, for the
To get your pay for overtime work, you just need to
first function and interval, we will have a function
multiple (x-8) to P90.
P60x if x ≤ 8.
To finalize the 2nd function, we will be having: You can use the 2nd function too.
P480 + P90(x - 8), if x > 8 P90x – P240, if x > 8
P90(10) – P240
P900 – P240
P60x, if x ≤ 8
P660, if x = 10.
s(x) = P480 + P90(x – 8), if x > 8
Salary in one day = P660
P480 + P90x – P720
P480 – P720 + P90x 2. In Makati City, income tax is 3.5% on the first P10000
-240 + P90x of income or less, and 5% on any income in excess of
P90x – P240, if x > 8 P10000. How much will the take home salary if your
income is P20000 a month? Let the tax T(x) be a
The final answer: function of the income x.
Given:
P60x, if x ≤ 8 3.5% - tax for the first 10,000 of income or less
s(x) = P90x – P240, if x > 8 5% - tax for any excess of 10,000
x – income
Find: T(x) – tax’s function
How much will his salary be if he works 10 hours in one
day? In the given, we can see that for every P10,000 income
or less, there is a 3.5% income tax. And, if we have an
It says that the worker is working 10hrs per day. Let’s income that is greater than 10000, there is an additional
have an illustration. 5% tax in every excess of P10000.
To compute for his salary if he works 10 hours in one T(x) = 0.035x, if x = ≤ P10000
day, you just simply add all the payment.
P60 x 8 = P480 Now, for the 2nd function, the income must be greater
P90 x 2 = P180 than to P10000 or x > 10000.
Sum = P660
Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024
For the 2nd function, let’s have an example first. For 0.035x, if x ≤ 10000
instance, we have an income that is P11500, P12000, T(x) = P350 + 0.05(x – 10000), if x > 10000
P13500, and P15000. How do we compute the excess
P350 + 0.05x – 500
income?
P350 – 500 + 0.05x
-150 + 0.05x
We just simply subtract the first P10000 income for us
0.05x – 150 if x > 10000
to get the excess income.
Final answer:
P10000 * 0.035 = P350 income tax for the 1st 10000
Total take home salary is P19150.
income
3. The base jeepney fare is PHP 8.00 for the first four
To compute for the 5% of the excess income, we just
kilometers and an additional PHP 1.50 per kilometer for
need to multiply our obtained function by 0.05.
the succeeding kilometers. How much is the total fare if
Therefore, we will be having 0.05(x – 10000) as past of
you travelled 10 kilometers? Express the fare for x
our working equation.
kilometers as a function of x.
x > 10000 – interval
Given:
P350 – income tax for the first 10000 income
PHP 8.00 – first four kilometers
x – 10000 – excess income
x – kilometer
0.05(x – 10000) – 5% tax for any excess of 10000
PHP 1.50 – additional fare for the succeeding kilometers
F(x) – Fare’s function
To finalize the 2nd function, we will be having
T(x) = P350 + 0.05(x – 10000), if x > 10000
In the given, we can see that for the first four
kilometers, the jeepney fare is PHP 8.00. And there is an
additional PHP 1.50 per kilometer for the succeeding
kilometers.
Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024
So, for the 1st function, we just simply put PHP 8.00 We just need to add the base jeepney fare to get the
since even if we took a path that is, for example, 1 final function.
kilometer, 2 kilometers, 3 kilometers and 4 kilometers,
the jeepney fare is still PHP 8.00. For the interval, since PHP 8.00 – base jeepney fare
x is the kilometer, we can ride a jeepney where you can PHP 1.50 – additional pay for every succeeding
travel with a total of 4 kilometers or x = 4. Also, we can kilometers
ride a jeepney where you can travel that is less than to x - 4 – succeeding kilometers
4 kilometers or x < 4 and it is still PHP 8.00 fare. We PHP 1.50(x – 4) – total additional pay
cannot exceed to 4 kilometers since there’s an x > 4 - interval
additional fare.
To finalize the 2nd function, we will be having:
F(x) = PHP 8.00, if x ≤ 4
F(x) = PHP 8.00 + 1.5(x – 4), if x > 4
nd
Next, for the 2 function, the number of kilometers
must exceed 4 or greater than to 4; x > 4.
PHP 8.00, if x ≤ 4
F(x) = PHP 8.00 + PHP 1.50(x – 4), if x > 4
For the 2nd function, let’s have an example first. For
PHP 8.00 + PHP 1.5x – PHP 2.00
instance, we travelled 5 km, 6km, 7km and 8km. How
PHP 8.00 – PHP 2.00 + PHP 1.5x
do we compute the number of succeeding kilometers
PHP 6.00 + PHP 1.5x
after 4 kilometers?
PHP 1.5x + PHP 6.00, if x > 4
We just simply minus the first 4 kilometers for us to get
Final answer:
the number of succeeding kilometers.
PHP 8.00, if x ≤ 4
5km – 4km = 1km
F(x) = PHP 1.5x + PHP 6.00 if x > 4
6km – 4km = 2km
7km – 4km = 3km
8km – 4km = 4km
What did you notice from our example? 5km, 6km, 7km III. EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
and 8km? They are all belong to the interval x > 4km.
Therefore, we can conclude that these are all possible x- -to evaluate a function, substitute the function’s
values, and they are subtracted to 4km. Hence, we can independent variable with the indicated number or
say that x – 4 is your succeeding kilometers. expression.
Function
There is an additional PHP 1.50 for every succeeding
kilometer, for us to compute the total fare for f(x) = 3x2 + 2x if x = 2
succeeding kilometers, we just need to multiply PHP
1.50 to x – 4. Substitute the indicated number or expression on every
PHP 1.50 * (x-4) = P1.50(x-4) x’s of the given function
x=2
f(2) = 3(2)2 + 2(2)
Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024
then, evaluate. 5 – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65
f(2) = 3(4) + 4 3 – 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, …, 57, 60, 63
f(2) = 12 + 4 4 – 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, …, 56, 60, 64
f(2) = 16
They have the same number 60 and it is the lowest
2
Therefore, the y-value, given the function f(x) = 3x + number they all have. Therefore, the LCD is 60.
2x at x = 2 is 16.
Or you can just multiply all the numbers, 5 x 3 x 4 and
Examples:
you will have an answer 60. Therefore, the LCD is 60.
1. Evaluate the function: f(x) = x2 – 2x + 2 if x = -1
EVALUATING PIECE-WISE FUNCTIONS
f(x) = x2 – 2x + 2 Rewrite the function
f(-1) = (-1)2 – 2(-1) + 2 Substitute the x-value
-2x2, if x > 0
f(-1) = 1 + 2 + 2 Evaluate
F(x) = x2 + 2x, if x ≤ 0
f(-1) = 3 + 2 Simplify
f(-1) = 5
Find:
Note: In evaluating function, use different methods or
a. x = -2
rules such as GEMDAS, MDAS or perform Operations
bx=2
on Integers.
To find the LCD, just look at the number and then try to
f(x) = -2x2; use the second sub-function
get their LCM. For instance, 5, 3, and 4.
f(2) = -2(2)2 substitute the x-value
f(2) = -2(4) Evaluate
f(2) = -8 Simplify
Perpetual Help College of Manila
Senior High School Department
General Mathematics, 1st Semester
A.Y. 2023-2024
Since we have x squared as our first term, it will look Example 4.A Find the quotient of the given functions,
like this: (f/g)(x) if, f(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 and g(x) = x2 – 1
(a )(a )
Factoring a trinomial:
Step 3: Find the factors that go in the last positions.
Step 1: Set up a product of two () where each will hold
Factors: two terms.
If you will be multiplying the factors, the product of It will look like this: ( )( )
these factors must be the last term of the trinomial.
Step 2: Find the factors that go in the first positions.
If you will be adding or subtracting the factors, the sum Since we have x squared as our first term, it will look
or difference must be the middle term of the trinomial. like this:
(a )(a )
𝑥 2 +7𝑥+6 𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
(f*g)(x) = *
𝑥+1 (𝑥+5)(𝑥−4)
Step 3: Find the factors that go in the last positions.
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 6 Factors:
– Factors of 6, 3,2 and 6,1 If you will be multiplying the factors, the product of
- If we will be multiplying the factors 3 * 2 will give us 6 these factors must be the last term of the trinomial.
and 6 * 1 will give us 6 as well. Same result.
- Let’s try adding the factors, 3 + 2 will give us 5 and 6 + If you will be adding or subtracting the factors, the sum
1 will give us 7. or difference must be the middle term of the trinomial.
- Note that when adding or subtracting the factors, the
result must be the coefficient in the middle term. If the (f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x) Correct denotation
middle term is positive, the resulting factors must be 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1
positive. If the middle term is negative, the resulting (f/g)(x) = (𝑥 2 −1)
Substitute
factors must be negative.
(𝑥+1)(𝑥+1)
- Therefore, the factors of this trinomial are (x+1) and (f/g)(x) = (𝑥+1)(𝑥−1) Factor the numerator and
(x+6).
denominator if possible
(𝑥+1)(𝑥+5) (𝑥+1)(𝑥−4)
(f*g)(x) = * 𝑥+1
𝑥+1 (𝑥+5)(𝑥−4) (f/g)(x) = 𝑥−1 Final Answer
5
3 5 7 5 3 5
7 → ÷ → * = Reciprocal Rule
3 3 3 7 7
3
𝑥 2 −4 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+4
(f/g)(x) = ÷ Rewrite as division
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
𝑥 2 −4 𝑥−1
(f/g)(x) = * 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+4 Reciprocal Rule
𝑥−1
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−2) 𝑥−1
(f/g)(x) = * (𝑥+2)(𝑥+2) Simplify
𝑥−1
𝒙−𝟐
(f/g)(x) = Final Answer
𝒙+𝟐
Prepared by: