1st Semester Preliminary Reviewer in
Sports
Games and Sports
Module 1: History of Sport
• Sport has been recorded for centuries
• The documented history of sports goes back at
least 3,000 years.
• Involved the preparation for war or training as a
hunter, which explains why so many early
games involved the throwing of spears, stakes,
and rocks, and sparring one-on-one with
opponents.
• Study of the history of sport can teach lessons
about social changes and about the nature of
sport itself, as sport seems involved in the
development of basic human skills.
• The Ancient Greeks introduced formal sports to
the world.
• The first Olympic Games in 776 BC—which
included events such as foot and chariot races,
wrestling, jumping, and discus and javelin
throwing
• A wide range of sports were already established
by the time of Ancient Greece and the military
culture and the development of sport in Greece
influenced one another considerably. Sport
became such a prominent part of their culture
that the Greeks created the Olympic Games,
which in ancient times were held every four
years in a small village in the Peloponnesus
called Olympia.
History of Sport AND Games
• Senet in Egypt: 3000 BC
• Backgammon in Mesopotamia: 2500 BC
• Egyptian sports: from 2000 BC
• Greek athletics: 8th century BC
• The extended games: 7th century BC
• Polo: 6th century BC
• Hockey: 6th century BC
• Boxing in Rome: 1st century BC - 5th century AD
• Dominoes and playing cards: 9th - 19th century
• Bowls: from the 13th century
• BILLIARDS:16TH-19TH CENTURY
• Horse-racing: 17th - 18th century
• is an activity that requires physical actions and
skills where individuals or teams compete under
a set of rules.
Sports is undoubtedly an activity that is fun to do, but it
has many other positive effects on a person's life as
well.
More about SPORT
• Sport pertains to any form of competitive
physical activity or game.
• It can improve one's physical health.
• Is generally recognized as system of activities
based in physical athleticism or physical
dexterity.
• Sport is also a major source of entertainment
for non- participants, with spectator sport
drawing large crowds to sport venues, and
reaching wider audiences through broadcasting.
Meaning and Usage
Etymology
• The word "sport" comes from the Old French
desport meaning "leisure", with the oldest
definition in English from around 1300 being
"anything humans find amusing or
entertaining".
• Other meanings include gambling and events
staged for the purpose of gambling; hunting;
and games and diversions, including ones that
require exercise. Roget's defines the noun sport
as an "activity engaged in for relaxation and
amusement" with synonyms including diversion
and recreation
Physical fitness
• It refers to the ability of your body systems to
work together efficiently to allow you to be
healthy and perform activities of daily living.
• A fit person is able to perform schoolwork,
meet home responsibilities, and still have
enough energy to enjoy sport and other leisure
activities.
• A fit person can respond effectively to normal
life situations, such as raking leaves at home,
 stocking shelves at a part-time job, and
marching in the band at school.
• A fit person can also respond to emergency
situations - for example, by running to get help
or aiding a friend in distress
THE PARTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
According to the Oxford dictionary, fitness is ‘the
condition of being physically fit and healthy.’ If we take
this simple knowledge and then begin to break down
the meaning of ‘fitness’ into different categories, we
have the components of fitness.
Health-related components of fitness
Cardiovascular Endurance
• Is how efficiently your heart, blood vessels, and
lungs to supply oxygen rich Muscular Endurance
blood to working muscles during physical
activity (aerobic activity like walking, running,
cycling or playing a sport) for a prolonged
period of time or for more than 90 seconds.
• Cardiorespiratory endurance measures how
well the body performs during long periods of
exercise. A person with high cardiorespiratory
endurance can sustain high-intensity activities
over an extended period without getting tired.
Benefits of Cardiovascular Endurance Training
• Strengthens heart muscle
• Increases lung capacity
• Regulates blood pressure
• Reduces stress/enhances mood
• Lowers unhealthy cholesterol
• Aids sleep
• Prevents obesity (gives the metabolism a boost)
Ways to Improve Cardiovascular Endurance
1. #1 – Jogging - start with a 15-minute run, and
aim to build it up to 35 minutes within a month
or two.
2. #2 – Cycling - You might start with a 15-20
minute ride, and aim to build it up as you would
with running duration.
3. #3 – Swimming - The best way to use it to train
for this type of endurance is to swim at intervals
of 50, 100, then 200 yards, with short rest
periods in between each set.
Muscular Endurance
• Refers to the fatigue resisting ability of skeletal
muscles when they are contracted using less
than the maximal force for an extended time
period.
• In other words, it measures how long a muscle
is able to tolerate a high-amount of repetitions
with a light weight (rather than aiming for 7-12
reps with a heavy weight).
Benefits of Training Muscular Endurance
1. Reduce the risk of injury in sports and everyday
life.
2. Prevents obesity and excess fat storage.
3. Boost performance in sports, weight training
and everyday.
4. Improves mood and self-confidence.
5. Strengths muscles and bones in the long run.
6. Prevents muscular declines as you age.
Recommendation Exercise to Improve Muscular
Endurance
#1 - Push-ups
#2 - Planks
#3 - Squats
#4 - Sit-ups
#5 - Lunges
We’d recommend 3 sets of 10-20 reps if you’re training
for endurance.
Muscular Strength
• When taking a good look at the health-related
components of fitness, they usually confuse
strength and muscular endurance. Just in case
you haven’t quite picked up on it yet, here’s a
quick recap.
• Muscular endurance refers to how long your
muscles can work for without fatiguing, while
muscular strength is all about how much force
your muscles can exert in one blow.
Health Benefits of Muscular Strength Training
• Strength training
• Builds and maintains muscle mass as you age
• Boosts mood and energy levels
• Aids bone health
• Burns excess calories (improves metabolic rate)
• Shreds excess fat stores
 • Improves other components of fitness
(cardiovascular endurance, coordination, and
balance)
How to Develop your Strength?
If you want to progress from only bodyweight training
to exercises that will take strength training further, then
here’s a quick-fire list to try out:
• Bicep curls with dumbbells
• Dumbbell rows
• Barbell squats
• Deadlifts
• Barbell lunges
• Pull-ups
• Triceps dips
4. - Flexibility
• Is the ability of a joint or series of joints to move
through an unrestricted, pain free range of
motion.
• Long Term Benefits of Flexibility Training
• Increases athletic performance (due to growing
ROM (range of motion)
• Reduces chance of injury during physical activity
• Eases muscle aches, pains, and cramps
• Improves balance and posture
• Quickens recovering after exercising (improves
blood flow)
Exercises to Improve Your Flexibility
• #1 - Dynamic warm-ups =such as lunges, toe touches,
bridges, hip flexor stretches, etc. are a great starting
point for those looking for exercises to improve their
flexibility.
• #2 - Yoga
• #3 – Dancing
#5 - Body Composition
• is the amount of fat mass compared to lean muscle
mass, bone and organs
• To be more specific, body composition refers to the
amount of body fat mass that you’re storing in
comparison to fat-free mass, which is made up of
organs, muscles, and bone etc.
Benefits of Good Body Composition
• Creates a toned, lean figure
• Boosts the body’s functional capability
• Speeds up metabolic rate (torches calories even when
resting)
• Prevents heart disease, high blood pressure, and type
2 diabetes
• Encourages permanent weight loss
Methods of Training Body Composition
- maintaining a healthy, well-balanced diet
Burpees
Push ups
Squats
Sit-ups
Plank
Each sets with count of 8-16 reps
Components of Skill-Related Fitness
Agility - is the ability to change and control the direction
and position of the body while maintaining a constant,
rapid motion.
For example, changing directions to hit a tennis ball.
Balance - is the ability to control or stabilize the body
when a person is standing still or moving. For example,
in-line skating.
Coordination - is the ability to use the senses together
with body parts during movement. For example,
dribbling a basketball. Using hands and eyes together is
called hand-eye coordination.
Speed - is the ability to move your body or parts of your
body swiftly. Many sports rely on speed to gain
advantage over your opponents. For example, a
basketball player making a fast break to perform a
layup, a tennis player moving forward to get to a drop
shot, a football player out running the defense to
receive a pass.
Power - is the ability to move the body parts swiftly
while applying the maximum force of the muscles.
Power is a combination of both speed and muscular
strength. For example, fullbacks in football muscling
their way through other players and speeding to
advance the ball and volleyball players getting up to the
net and lifting their bodies high into the air.
Reaction Time - is the ability to reach or respond quickly
to what you hear, see, or feel. For example, an athlete
quickly coming off the blocks early in a swimming or
track relay, or stealing a base in baseball.
Classifications of Sports, Benefits from engaging in
Sports and Different kinds of Games and Team Sports
Sports – is an activity that requires physical actions and
skills where individuals or teams compete under a set of
rules.
Sports is undoubtedly an activity that is fun to do, but it
has many other positive effects on a person's life as
well.
Sport is classified into:
Individual sports – are played by one participant on
each competing side.
Dual sports – are played by two competing pairs.
Team ports – are played by three or more players
What is the difference of individual sports vs. team
sports?
Individual sports – foster a higher amount of discipline,
self-confidence, focus and passion.
Team sports – many variables are considered to
determine the success or failure of the team. It depends
on the collective effort of all its players.
What Is the Difference Between Individual and Dual
Sports?
The main difference between individual and dual sports
is the number of athletes who compete on the same
side. However, each sport type comes with plenty of
benefits and challenges. To better understand this
concept, learn more about individual, dual and team
sports in more detail, including their differences,
similarities and benefits.
What Are Individual Sports?
Individual sports are defined as activities in which
competing as a part of a team isn’t required. The athlete
is on their own and is the one who’s responsible for
bringing home the win. Although individual sports can
be competitive, the athlete is also in competition with
themselves.
Examples of popular Individual Sports include:
• Skiing
• Snowboarding
• Running
• Swimming
• Bouldering
• Archery
• Gymnastics
• Weightlifting
Individual Sports
• Practicing a sport individually requires plenty of
motivation in order to develop the skills that are needed
to progress in the activity. Along with gaining additional
skills, two other main benefits of individual sports are
self-discipline and mental focus. The more you practice,
the better you can get, and you’re the one who’s
responsible for reaching your goal.
• However, one primary disadvantage of individual
sports is that same responsibility — if you take
competitions seriously and lose, you’re responsible —
and it can be hard to push yourself to keep improving at
times when you’re only holding yourself accountable.
What Are Dual Sports?
Compared to individual sports, there aren’t as many
dual sports out there — but dual sports can take several
different forms. In one form of dual sports, a single
athlete competes against another single athlete; there’s
no team, just two athletes against each other in a one-
on-one match. Dual sports can also involve two athletes
on the same team competing with two athletes of the
opposite team, known as two on two.
Examples of some of the most popular dual sports
include:
• Chess
• Table tennis
• Tennis
• Badminton
• Racquetball
• Fencing
• Beach volleyball
Benefits of Dual Sports
 encourage a lot of discipline
 utilizing analytical skills
 studying what’s needed in order to beat your
opponent.
 Cooperation is extremely important in dual sports
For example...
One such sport is tennis. While bringing your own skills
to the court is impressive, you also have to know
something about whom you’re competing against. You
can then make their weakness your strength and study
their techniques to overcome them during play.
What Are Team Sports?
As the name suggests, team sports involve a larger
group of people working together and competing
against another large group (or several). Often the most
popular sports to play and the most entertaining to
watch, team sports such as football, basketball and
baseball have large fan bases that cheer on their
favorite squads.
For more info...
An individual or dual sport can cross over to a team
sport. For example, when you’re playing tennis at the
Olympics, you’re competing on an individual level. But
your score also contributes to your country’s team score
as a whole.
Examples of some of the most popular team sports
include:
• Basketball
• Football
• Baseball
• Handball
• Hockey
• Volleyball
Benefit of team sports
 The main benefit of team sports is teamwork
 Working together encourages communication,
problem-solving and putting aside your differences to
reach the common goal, which is to win.
 Friends
 Self confidence
Some of the considerations that will guide an individual
in their choice of sports include:
1. whether extremities (hot or cold) for an
outdoor sports activity.
2. Enjoyment derived from the activity.
3. Previous activities tried and enjoyed.
4. Financial capacity or budget. Activities like
skating, golf, and scuba diving require financial
investment on equipment and actual activity.
5. State of health and level of fitness. Demand of
physical activity may be excessive for the body,
having a conditioning is recommended.
6. Other alternative activities that will give
motivation.
WAYS TO AVOID SPORTS INJURIES
For all sports, achieving personal goals and claiming
sweet victory requires training hard and playing even
harder. But when athletes push themselves too hard,
they risk injury that can make them unable to play the
game they love. That's why sports safety is so
important.
WAYS TO AVOID SPORTS INJURIES
Below are sports safety tips, to prevent sports injuries:
• WARM UP BEFORE WORKING OUT.
• Wear safety Equipment
• COOL DOWN AND STRETCH AFTER EXERCISING
• Stay hydrated
• Don’t eat to much before the game
• Get enough rest
• GOOD WEATHER CONDITION
Benefits Of Sports In Daily Life
The benefits of sports in day to day life are amazing.
Many people are starting to be concerned about their
health and one way that they do is engage themselves
in different sports activities. If you want to have a
healthy body you should start by picking the right kinds
of food to eat and of course it will be more effective if
you will exercise too. However many people specially
the older or more matured ones are too lazy to go to
the gym to exercise. One good form of exercise that will
be more enjoyable and fun is by having a sport.
Stress Buster - A healthy mind in a healthy body might
be a clichéd adage, but it is so because it is true. It is no
surprise that since most sports usually involve exercise.
Health - Regularly indulging in sports helps in keeping
the immune system strong, and hence, helps in
preventing any kind of disease from occurring. It also
increases the appetite of the person.
Many diseases and disorders can be prevented through
a variety of means. These include proper nutrition and
adequate exercise.
Self-confidence - When something is improving your
health, making you physically fitter, earning you respect
among people and generally making you feel better
about yourself, it is safe to say that such a thing does a
whole world.
Decision-making - In sports, a person has to make quick
decisions depending upon the situation that he is in.
Thus, a person who is involved in sports is able to make
wise and quick decisions in other areas of life as well.
Teamwork - Many popular sports like Cricket, Kabaddi,
soccer, basketball, volleyball, Hockey, etc., are played in
teams. This inculcates values and skills like leadership,
communication, and sacrifice. Not only does this benefit
the person but also helps in developing a better
Teamwork.
Builds Character - All sports have an outcome. One
entity wins, and the other loses. Winning and losing is a
part of life. Sports inculcates this lesson in people. Some
people glide along as long as there are no hardships in
life.
Source of Entertainment - Sport is a major source of
entertainment with spectator sports drawing large
crowds and reaching wider audiences through sports
broadcasting.
CHESS
History of Chess
Chess is played more than 1500 years ago, It is invented
in India in the 6th century CE, its earliest known form
was called chaturanga. The pieces originally -Knight-The
Knight is the only piece that can jump over other pieces.
The
Knight moves in an L-shape but he can capture only on
the square
where he finishes his jump. Always the Knight moves
first two
squares forward, backwards, or sideways, and then
finishes the L-
shape by moving right or left one more
square.represented the military units common in
warfare at that time: infantry, cavalry, elephants,
chariots, a general, and a king.
The game spread from India to Persia in the 7th century
and then westward to the wider Muslim world following
the Islamic conquest of Persia. Islamic influence then
spread the game to southern Europe, reaching western
Europe by about 1000 CE.
The modern rules of chess emerged in Italy and Spain by
the dawn of the 15th century.
In the 20th century, chess competition became a
worldwide affair. The international chess federation,
FIDE, was founded in 1924, and it began to administer
the world chess championship in 1948. Many strong
players contested the world championship, with
legends like Mikhail Botvinnik, Mikhail Tal, Bobby
Fischer, and Garry Kasparov emerging as victors.
-Pawn-
The Pawn moves forwards only, never backwards. On its
first move only, it may move one OR two squares. After
that, it can only move one square at a time, capturing
only on the diagonal.
-Bishop-
Bishops move straight along diagonals and do not jump.
-Queen-
Each side only gets one Queen. She moves along the
diagonals, the ranks, and the files. The Queen can move
as far as she wants in any direction until she encounters
another chess piece or the edge of the game (she
cannot jump). The Queen is quite powerful!
-Rook-
The Rook is next in power to the Queen. The Rook
moves in straight lines, never on diagonals.
-Knight-
The Knight is the only piece that can jump over other
pieces. The Knight moves in an L-shape but he can
capture only on the square where he finishes his jump.
Always the Knight moves first two squares forward,
backwards, or sideways, and then finishes the L-shape
by moving right or left one more square.
-King-
In chess, you have one King that can move one square
in any direction. The King is the most important piece in
a game of chess, but it is very limited. The King can go in
any direction, but only one square at a time. The King
can capture any enemy piece or pawn that is
undefended and must always stay at least one square
away from the opposing King.
HOW TO PLAY THE CHESS
STEP 1
Setup, Turns, and Taking Pieces
SET UP:
The board is setup as shown. There should always be a
white square at the closest right-hand side for both
players. Remember that the queen must be on a square
that matches her color.
Turns:
White always moves first, and players alternate turns.
Players can only move one piece at a time, except when
castling (explained later).
Taking Pieces:
Players take pieces when they encounter an opponent
in their movement path. Only pawns take differently
than they move (explained later). Players cannot take or
move through their own pieces.
Step 2: Pawn Movement
Pawns only move forward. On the first move a pawn
can move one or two spaces, every subsequent move
can only be one space. Pawns move diagonally to take
opponents.
Pawn Promotion:
If a pawn reaches the opposite side of the board, it is
promoted to a higher piece (except king). There is no
limit to how many pawns can be promoted.
Step 3: Rook
Rooks move in a continuous line forwards, backwards
and side-to-side.
Step 4: Knight
Knights are the only pieces that "jump" off the board.
Unlike other pieces they are not blocked if there are
pieces between them and their destination square.
To make it easier to remember how a knight moves
think of an L. Two spaces in a direction forward,
backward or side-to-side, and one space at a right turn.
Step 5: Bishop
Bishops move in continuous diagonal lines in any
direction.
Step 6: Queen
The queen moves in continuous diagonal and straight
lines. Forward, backward and side-to-side.
Step 7: King
A king cannot move to a square that is under attack by
the opponent.
The king can move in any direction, one square at a time
Step 8: Special Move: Castling
Castling is the only move that allows two pieces to
move during the same turn.
During castling a king moves two spaces towards the
rook that it will castle with, and the rook jumps to the
other side. The king can castle to either side as long as:
1. The king has not moved.
2. The king is not in check.
3. The king does not move through or into check.
4. There are no pieces between the king and castling-
side rook.
5. The castling-side rook has not moved.
It does not matter:
A. If the king was in check, but is no longer.
B. If the rook can be attacked by an opponent's piece
before castling.

Step 9: Special Move: En Passant

En passant is a special movement for pawns attacking

pawns. It only applies if your opponent moves a pawn
two spaces, and its destination space is next to your
pawn. You can take the opposing piece by moving
forward-diagonal to your pawn's attacked square.
Additional Game Strategy
Step 10: Check
Check and Checkmate
A king is in check when an opponent's piece is in a
The King is in check when he is attacked by the
position that can attack the king. A player must move
opponent’s piece. His capture is not allowed. The player
their king out of check, block the check or capture the
making check must say “check” when he is attacking the
attacking piece. A player cannot move their king into
opponent’s King. If your King is in check, you must stop
check.
this on the next move. There are three ways to do this:
Step 11: Checkmate
1. Move the King to a safe square.
Putting an opponent's king in "checkmate" is the only 2. Move one of your pieces in the way of the check by
way to win the game. blocking.
3. Capture the attacking piece.
A king is in checkmate if it is in check, the opponent's
piece that has the king in check cannot be captured, the Since the object of the game is to capture the
check cannot be blocked, and the king cannot move to a opponent’s King, the game is lost if you cannot stop the
square that is not under attack. check by blocking, capturing the attacking piece, or
moving the King to a safe square. The “check” then
In the illustration the white queen has the black king in
turns into a checkmate. This means the King is dead.
check, and all of the spaces where the king can move
When the King is checked and cannot move out of
can be attacked by the queen. The king cannot take the
check, then he is checkmate and the game is over.
queen, because the knight is protecting the queen. The
black bishop cannot block the queen. This is checkmate. Know What the Chess Pieces Are Worth

It’s important to know how powerful each piece is in

relation to the other pieces. Below is the standard scale:

• Pawn = 1
• Knight = 3
• Bishop = 3 (plus a tiny bit more)
• Rook = 5
• Queen = 9
Step 12: Stalemate Opening Game Goals
If white had another piece somewhere on the board • Castle early. Castling is the moving of the King two
that was not blocked, it would have to move. The game squares to his right or left toward the Rook, which goes
would continue. Simply put, a "Stalemate" is a tie. It is on the square on the other side of the King. You can
achieved if there are no legal moves for a player to castle once in the game.
make. In this illustration it is white's turn. All spaces
around the king are being attacked, but the king is not • Aim to control the middle of the board with your
in check, therefore it cannot move. The only other white pawns.
piece, the pawn, is blocked by the king. Because • Avoid moving the pawns in front of your king too
movement is impossible, the game is a stalemate. early.
• Keep away from the edge of the board. Move your • Choose eight opposing pieces to be placed in a fixed
Knights and Bishops into the middle of the board. position anywhere on the board.

Endgame Goals • The rook has eight moves to take an enemy piece with
each move.
• Try to keep all pieces on open lines in the middle of
the board. This is where they will be most powerful. • Plan your strategy before you begin!

• Bring out the King! Use it as an attacking piece. Practice Activity: The Knight Rules of the Road

• Concentrate on getting the pawns to the other side of • The white knight begins on his home square.
the board. If you get it all the way across, you can
• To pass the test, the white knight has to take all the
promote your pawn to a Queen.
black pawns, which are fixed and do not move.
Practice Activity: Pawns
• It can be done in as few as eighteen moves.
• Set up pawns only on each side of the board in their
Practice Activity:
starting positions.
King and Pawn Game
• White begins.
• Set up King and Pawns on each side of the board.
• The object is to break through the opponent’s rank
and get to the other side of the board. • White begins.
• When a player’s pawn reaches the other side of the • To win, advance your king quickly and get him to
board, the player removes the pawn and replaces it capture the enemy pawns.
with a queen, rook, knight, or bishop.
• Be sure to not allow the King to move into check.
Practice Activity:

The Lady Has Power

• The queen always starts on the square of her own

color.

• Line up the opposing pawns on the opposite side of

the board.

• White moves first.

• You will soon discover how powerful the queen is

against the poorly protected pawns

Practice Activity:
Box cover of the 1981 version
The Bishop’s Challenge

• Place the bishop on his home square. Published by Sofronio H. Pasola Jr.

• Place a total of ten opposing pieces anywhere on the

Publication date 1970; 51 years ago
board.

• The bishop has ten moves to take the pieces off the Genres Board game
board.
Players 1 versus 1, plus an
• Plan your strategy before you begin!
optional arbiter or
Practice Activity: The Rook’s Turn referee

• Place the rook on his home square.

 Setup time 2 to 3 minutes • It can be played within twenty to thirty
minutes.
Playing time 30 to 120 minutes • It is designed for two players, each controlling
(player-dependent) an army, and a neutral arbiter (sometimes
called a referee or an adjutant) to decide the
Random chance Yes results of "challenges" between opposing
playing pieces, that like playing cards, have
Age range All ages their identities hidden from the opponent.

Objective
Skills required • Memory
 to eliminate/capture the flag of opponent,
• Bluffing
 or to maneuver own flag to the other end of
• Inter-player
the board where it lands to a space with no
Communication
enemy piece/s beside it
• Strategy
Equipment

 Game board
Benefits of Playing Board Games  Pieces
- Playing board games brings people closer, Game board
strengthens relationships, and can help you
meet new people. 9 x 8 squares
- Playing board games increases brain function.
Shaded squares are the allotted for the pieces in their
- Playing board games teaches you how to set
initial positions
goals and be patient.
- Playing board games is great for reducing stress Pieces
and makes for laughter.
 21 pieces
- You can play board games anywhere at any
time.  Moves
Game of the Generals  Ranks
- also called Salpakan  a. Spy
- Psychological, war game  5ó general
- designed for two players and requires the use  4ó general
of logic
 3ó general
- simulates armies at war trying to outflank and
outmaneuver each other  2ó general

Brief History  1ó general

• The Game of the Generals, also called GG as it  Colonel

is most fondly called, or simply The Generals,  Lt. Colonel
• is an educational war game invented in the  Major
Philippines by Sofronio H. Pasola, Jr. in 1970.
 Captain
• Its Filipino name is "Salpakan.“
 1st Lieutenant
  2nd Lieutenant  One square per turn

 Sergeant Game play

 Private  Rules

21 pieces ad  Arbiter
n b
a
 Challenging
m c
a
Rules
l d
a a
 Pieces are not required to be placed in a
Flag definite pattern
k e
a a  Players place their pieces according to
their strategy
j f
a a  But, players are only allowed to place
i g their pieces on the first 3 rows of their
a
h a
a
side of the board
21 pieces
 Pieces should face their owners so it
Spy can’t be seen by the opponent
- Can eliminate all pieces except privates  Players decide who goes first then they take
Flag turns alternately

- Can eliminate challenged flag Arbiter

Other pieces  Neutral third person

- Can eliminate other lower ranked pieces  Act as judge in the challenges

 looking at the pieces

 applying piece ranks

 eliminating the weaker piece and takes

it out of the board

Challenging

 When a piece is placed on top of the other so

that they are in the same square (since only
one piece can fit in the square)

 Higher rank wins -see diagram

 If pieces are of the same rank, they both lose

 If Flag-flag challenge, the challenger (the piece

on top) wins

Blitzkrieg strategy
Moves
 Concentrating high-ranked officials in one side
 All pieces move the same of the board
 Forward, backward, and sideways
  Usually spies and generals are
positioned around the flag to protect it
while charging through the opponent’s
pieces
 Goal is to successfully bring the flag to
the other side of the board
End of the Game
 When a flag is captured
RULE: The one basic rule of Word Factory is to list as
many words as possible in three minutes.
To start with the game
With the lid over the base, shake up the cubes. After
that, players will now search the assortment of letters
for words of three or more letters.
Words are formed from letters that adjoin horizontally,
vertically or diagonally to the left, right or up-and-down.

 When a flag reach the end of the board
 When both players agree for a draw
 When a player resigns
What is a word factory game?
A mind-boggling word game guaranteed to make a
player eat words, think words, dream words in just a
few games. Players shake up 25 letter cubes and make
words out of adjoining letters. As fast as he can, a player
searches for words that he hopes his opponents won't
find.
However, no letter may be used more than once within
a single word.
Types of Words Allowed
Any word (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.) plural of,
form of, or tense is acceptable as long as it can be found
in a standard English dictionary. Proper nouns (Ex:
Smith, France, Ohio, etc.) are not allowed.
Tip: Words within words are also permissible. Ex: spare,
spa, spar, are, spar, pare.
Points
Players score for their remaining words as follows:

A game is played using a plastic grid of lettered dice, in NO. OF LETTERS - POINTS
which players attempt to find words in sequences of
3 letters – 1 point
adjacent letters.
4 letters – 1 point
Word game players are all aware that “Boggle” 4x4 grid
lettered dice is the origin of the word “Word Factory” 5 letters – 2 points
5x5 grid version.
6 letters – 3 points
Equipment
7 letters – 5 points
 16 letter cubes
8 points – 11 points
 Grid and dome
 3-min timer Time is up
Objectives When the timer runs out, all players will stop writing.
Each player in turn then read his/her list aloud. Any
To be the player with the highest score at the end of the
word that appear on more than one player’s list must
3-minutes game, or to be the first player to reach the
be crossed off all lists – and no one gets credit for it.
designated point limit in a tournament game.
The player who earned the most points will be the
Players score by listing words of the highest point value
winner.
they can find in the four rows of letter.
Things to Remember
Materials needed
Multiple meaning of the same spelling do not earn
Each player will need a pencil/ballpen and paper so they
multiple credit. For example, the word t-e-a-r for rip or
can secretly write down the words they found.
cry counts only once.
The same word found by a player in different areas of
the grid may not be counted for multiple credit.

The QU counts as two letters.

Both the M and the W have a line under them.

The Z has a line under it and should not be read as an N.

You get full credit for both the singular and plural of a
noun – as long as you wrote down both.

For the highest score, look for unusual words that

others might miss – and that will earn you more points!

Benefits in Playing Word Factory

- Relieves stress – solving word-related puzzles or

playing word games is an excellent way to
loosen up and relax one’s mind.
- Improves your vocabulary – playing word games
will expose you to new and unique terms you
never thought existed.
- Improves social skills – playing for a few hours
with your family or circle with these word
games helps you develop better social
interaction skills. And many more…