ALDERSGATE COLLEGE Physical Fitness and Self-testing Activities

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION JOVEN ORDONIA GALANTA

MODULE 1: Physical Education: It’s Values to the

Developmental and Adjustment of Individual
OVERVIEW

Modern Physical Education activities are based on the natural physical education of primitive
times. Even the more recent activities, when analyzed, are found to be developed from natural activities.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

1. Track the history of the physical education.

2. Discuss the objectives of physical education.
3. Identify four types of development.
4. Explain the benefits of exercises of physical activities.
5. Value the significance of physical education.

History of physical education

Many experts trace the beginnings of physical education back to the Ancient Greeks, who had
organized physical education programs by the 700’s B.C. at educational establishment called “gymnasia”
(gymnasiums), Greek boys took part in discus and javelin throwing, jumping, running and wrestling.
Although physical education was part of the general education of the Roman citizens, its primary value was
in military training.
In Europe in the middle of ages (from the 400’s to the 1500’s). many sports and other physical
activities were considered sinful. During the Renaissance, which lasted from the 1300’s to the 1600’s, a
revival of the interest in Greek and Roman culture brought a return to competition and fitness sports and
body building activities. In the 1800’s, physical education programs were introduced into school in
Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States. German and Sweden programs emphasized
gymnastics and exercise routines. The British program laid stress on team sport. US program borrowed
from all these European sources. The most important development in the 1900’s was the large-scale
provision of physical education courses for girls and for people with disabilities.
The values of Physical Education activities are found in the resulting development and adjustment
of individual. Engaging in any activities stimulates in some degree the four types of development although
different activities emphasize different amounts. Regular exercise and physical activity are extremely
important and beneficial for Long-term Health and well-being.

History of Olympics
● Heracles – is the one who first called the games “Olympic” and established the custom of helding
them every four (4) years.

● The Ancient Olympic is 776 BC – feature running events, a pentathlon, boxing, wrestling and
equistrian events.

● Coroebus – the 1st Olympic champion

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ALDERSGATE COLLEGE Physical Fitness and Self-testing Activities
COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION JOVEN ORDONIA GALANTA

● Heraean Games - held to honor Hera, sister of Zeus, who later became his wife. It was occurred
approximately 175 AD and were held at the Olympic stadium. The games were consisted of
footraces and the distances were shortened. The victors received crowns of olive and a portion of a
cow.
● Mt. Typaeum – the place where women were taken and thrown to their death if they were caught
observing the Olympic Games.

● Olympic was held to honor Zeus and Pelops. Pelops is divine hero and mythical king of Olympia.
Pelops was famous for his chariot race with King Oenomaus of Pisatis Olympic was held every four
years which his known as an “Olympiad” was used by Greeks as one of their units of time
measurement.

● The Games were part of a cycle known as the Panhellenic Games:

Pythian Games - every four years at Delphi
Nemean Games - every two years near Corinth
Isthmian Games – every two years at Peloponnese

● 394 AD – Emperor Theodosius I abolished Olympic Games.

● 426 AD – Theodosius II ordered destruction of all Greek templates.

● Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1890) - was inspired to found the International Olympic Committee. He
built on the ideas and work of Brookes and Zappas with the aim of establishing internationally
rotating Olympic Games that would occur every four years. He presented these ideas during the
first Olympic Congress of the newly created International Olympic Committee (IOC). This meeting
was held from June 16 to June 23, 1894, at the Sorbonne University in Paris. It was decided that
the first Olympic Games, to come under the auspices of the IOC, would take place two years later
in Athens.

● Olympic Motto: Citius, Altius, Fortius (Faster, Higher, Stronger)

● Olympic Symbol: represent the five continents. (America, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe).

Blue
Green
Yellow
Black
Red

● The flag was adopted in 1914 but flown for the first time only at the 1920 Summer Olympics in
Belgium.

● Language – French, English and host country.

Physical Education 11
ALDERSGATE COLLEGE Physical Fitness and Self-testing Activities
COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION JOVEN ORDONIA GALANTA

OBJECTIVES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The following objectives of Physical Education are viewed and stated in terms of their contribution to the
outcomes of education and which justify the existence of physical education in the curriculum.

Objectives represent the statements goals and purposes of education. They indicate the kind of subject matter,
learning experiences, methods of teaching and administrative and supervisory procedures required, and serve as
bases for the evaluation of outcomes.

Objectives express needs as seen by the persons who formulate them. They represent value judgments
about the most important factors in the culture which should be preserved and taught for the rising
generation.

Objectives of physical education evolve from the objectives of general education. Practices in physical
education must necessary be compatible with expressed purposes of education.

The four basic areas of objectives accepted in the modern physical education program include health,
social ends, emotional development and recreation.

Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity

1. Reduce the risk of premature death.

2. Reduce the risk of developing and/or dying from heart disease.
3. Reduce high blood pressure or the risk of developing high blood pressure.
4. Reduce high cholesterol or risk of developing high cholesterol.
5. Reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
6. Reduce the risk of developing colon cancer and breast cancer.
7. Reduce or maintain body weight or body fat.
8. Build and maintain healthy muscles, bones, and joints
9. Reduce depression and anxiety.
10. Improve psychological well-being.
11. Enhance work, recreation, and sports performance.

FOUR TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

Physical Development
● Develop and maintain good health and a high level of physical fitness
Social Development
● Provides opportunities for the acquisition and practice of desirable social traits necessary for
adjustment to happy living and to social life in general.
Some worthwhile traits are:
✔ Friendliness
✔ Cooperation
✔ Respect for the rights of others
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ALDERSGATE COLLEGE Physical Fitness and Self-testing Activities
COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION JOVEN ORDONIA GALANTA

✔ Good sportsmanship
✔ Good leadership and followership
✔ Honesty in group competition

Emotional Development
● Development of expression and emotional traits needed for emotional mastery like:
✔ Self-confidence
✔ Self-control
✔ Self-reliance
✔ Courage
✔ Determination
✔ Personal discipline
Mental Development

The individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the mechanical principles of underlying
movement, as the learners acquires knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of games and
sports as well as dance instructions, as he discovers ways of improving his movements in gymnastics and
dance, and the ability to analyze and give judgments.

The primary purpose of physical education is to assist each learner in becoming a harmoniously
integrated individual physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. Responsibility for developing this
objective, which is basic in our democratic society, is shared with other segments of the school program.
However, in the areas of biological growth and neuromuscular development, the Physical Education
program plays major role and this process contributes to social and emotional growth.

A. Biological Growth.

Biological or organic development is one of the primary areas of emphasis in the overall physical
education program. This area is necessarily dependent on the second major area objective, namely, the
development of neuromuscular skills. Both areas are fundamental in the organic unity of the individual.

Biological growth is largely concerned with optimal organic functioning and the development of
skeletal and muscular strength, endurance and symmetry.

B. Neuromuscular Development.

With the direction of physical education toward the optimum development of the individual, the
learner develops capacities which enable him to react to the stimuli from the environment with the least
amount of effort. These capacities which have to do with the efficient functioning of the nervous, muscular,
and skeletal system might be called neuromuscular skills or movements.

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ALDERSGATE COLLEGE Physical Fitness and Self-testing Activities
COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION JOVEN ORDONIA GALANTA

THE FOUR TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. ORGANIC
This is the development of power and endurance in the heart, lungs, heat-regulating mechanism,
and digestive and eliminating organs. These various organs gain power and stamina from use.

2. NEUROMUSCULAR
The development of skills and coordination required in the mastery of life’s varied activities can be
directly attributed to physical education, also to the development of strength in the skeletal muscles
used in such coordination. This development starts with the skills learned in the simple play and
games of childhood and increase gradually with the more complex coordination of team and
individual sports of later years.

3. INTERPRETIVE
The development strengths the thinking, interpreting, and problem-solving process of the
individual. It starts with the exploratory play of infancy and childhood and continues through all
physical education activities as well as other. It is developed particularly in the team sports, through
learning the rules and signals the special techniques such as skills in pitching a curve ball;
executing the particular football block, or diagnosing the opponents’ offence and defense quickly.

4. EMOTIONAL
The development and maturing of impulses and emotions through activities which give them
expression under natural controls such as officials, rules, traditions, and the person’s desire to stay
in the game and play are inherent in team sports where fear, anger, joy, and other powerful
emotions are experienced.

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