Modern Physical Education activities are based on the natural physical education of primitive

times. Even the more recent activities, when analyzed, are found to be developed from natural
activities history. Many experts trace the beginnings of physical education back to the Ancient
Greeks, who had organized physical education programs by the 700's B.C.at educational
establishments called "gymnasia'" (gymnasiums), Greek boys took part in discus and javelin
throwing, jumping, running and wrestling. Philosophy, and rhetoric. Although physical education
was part of the general education of the Roman Citizens, its primary value was in military training.

Historical Foundations of Physical Education and Sport

1) Golden Age ( 2500 8.C)
 PE and sports popular in Cretan culture
 Homer s Iliad and Odyssey was a major literature source of information
 Music and gymnastics Exercise for the body and music for the soul”
 City States: Greece composed of and influenced political aspects and objectives
2. 776 B.C-First Olympic games: games continued every 4th year.
3.700 B.C- Indo-European people settled near 1iber Tiber River and settlement later became
known as Rome
 Rome would prove to have a profound effect on the objectives of physical education
 Athletic sport different in Rome than Greece, Romans wanted excitement, blood.
4. Dark Ages (476 A.D.) - Fall of Roman Empire, referred to period in history as the Dark Ages
 Physical and moral decay most outstanding breakdown in Roman tall
 Teutonic invasion supported physical activity with two movements "asceticism and
scholasticism" Ascenticism: believe evil exists in the body and should subordinate to the
spirit, which is pure: Scholasticism: believe facts are most essential items of education
5. EUROPE (Germany)
 Johann Bemhard Basedow established the Philanthropinum, the first school in Europe
tooffer physical education as a part of the curriculum.
 Johann Fiednch Guts Muths succeeded Christian Cart Andre as the instructor of Physical
Education at the Schnepfenthal Educational institute. He is often referred to as one of the
founder of modern physical education
6. 1778-1852 -Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, established the Turnverein, an association
of Gymnasts that existtoday
7. 1810-1858 – Adolph Spiess founded the school of gymnastics in Germany and
helped to make physical education part of a school program.
8. Sweden (1776-1839) - Per Henrik Ling strove to make physical education a
science and developed the royal institute of Gymnasts where physical educators could receive
training.
9. 1816-1902 - GustafNyblaeus became the administrator of the RCI and women
were admitted for the first time.
10.1820-1886 A law was passed requiring a physical education course on the
Secondary Level.
11.Denmark (1777-1847) - Franz Nachtegall played a large part in introducing
physical education into public schools of Denmark and into teacher preparation.
12. 1880-1950 - NielsBukh developed the concept of "primitive gymnastics" to
build perfect physique
13. Great Britain (1820-1884) -Archibald McLaren wanted to make physical
Education a science, and in 1860, he was designated to design a system of
Physical Education for the British Army

UNITED STATES
Civil War period until 1900
 Catherine Beecher founded the American Women's Educational Association.
 Dr. Lewis aimed at developing agility, grace of movement, flexibility, and improving general
health and posture.
  American sport began to achieve some degree of popularity.
 Modern Olympics was established by Baron Pierre de Coubertin. 1st president of the newly
created international Olympic Committee
 First modern Olympics held in Athens: 28 events
 YMCA was founded at Springfield, Massachusetts
 .YWCA was founded in Boston by Mrs. Henry Durant
 Organized physical education programs developed in the early 1850's
 1885 what is now known as the AAHPERD association was organized.

Early Twentieth Century

 Famous people in physical education in the early 20th century were: Thomas
DennisonWood-"Natural Gymnastics" Clark Hetherington-"understanding of children's play
activities in terms of survival and continued participation'" Robert Tait McKenzie-helped
physically underdeveloped and atypical individuals overcome their deficiencies" Jessie
HBancroft contributed to the field of posture and body mechanics and was the first living
member of AAHPER to receive the Gulick Award" Delphine Hanna- James H
McCurdypublished "The Physiology of Exercise Luther Gulick.
World War (1916-1919) - Physical educators provided leadership for physical conditioning programs
for the armed forces and also those on the home front.
Golden Twenties (1920-1929)-Physical education programs continued to expand
 National Federation of High School Athletic Associations was est. in 1923
 During the depression many gains in physical education were lost.
 40% of physical education programs were dropped
(1970-To Present) - Continued growth in the area of physical education and sport and a large part
of growth isdue to technology.
 Programs have expanded from the school and college age population to serving
populationsof all ages.
 Improvements in health because of the importance placed on healthy life-style behaviors
 Emphasized fitness, inciuding both fitness development and understanding of the
underlying fitness Concepts.
Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity

 Reduce the risk of premature death.

 Reduce the risk of developing and/or dying from heart disease
 Reduce high blood pressure or the risk of developing high blood pressure.
 Reduce high cholesterol or the risk of developing high cholesterol.
 Reduce the risk of developing colon cancer and breast cancer
 Reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
 Reduce or maintain body weight or body fat.
 Build and maintain healthy muscles, bones, and joints
 Reduce depression and anxiety.
 Improve psychological well-being.
 Enhanced work, recreation, and sports performance

THE FOUR TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

1. ORGANIC
2. NEUROMUSCULAR
3. INTERPRETIVE
4. EMOTIONAL
 Meaning of Physical Education

INTRODUCTION

Physical Education is an important segment of general education which aims to contribute to

the total development of the learner through participation in selected vigorous activities. It provides
opportunities to acquire lifelong skills that are essential to the physical, mental, social, and
emotional development (Oyco, 2000).

LECTURE/ DISCUSSION

OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

 Physical Development - Through carefully selected physical education activities, an
individual who participates actively will develop and maintain good health and high level of
physical fitness.
 Social Development - Participation in Physical Education activities provides opportunities for
the acquisition and practice of desirable social traits necessary for adjustment to happy living
and to the social life in general.
 Emotional Development - The informal nature of physical education offers opportunities for
the development of expression and emotion.
 Mental Development - Through participation in Physical Education activities the individual
develops his mental capacities as he learns the mechanical principles of underlying
movement, as the learner acquires knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of
games and sports as well as dance Instructions, as he discovers ways of improving his
movements in gymnastics and dance, and the ability to analyze and give judgments.
LEGAL BASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
A rticle 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNSEC0, Paris,
1978 and Recommendation 1, Interdisciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts on Physical
Education, UNESCO, Brisbane Australia, 1982. States that:
" The practice of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental right for all."

And this right should not be treated as different in principle from the right to adequate food,
shelter, and medical care."
Article XIV, section 19, 1986 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country
and in cooperation with athletic club and other sectors."

BASIC PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN COLLEGE

 Physical Education 1: Physical Fitness and Self-Testing Activities
 Physical Education 2: Rhythmic Activities
 Physical Education 3: Individual/Dual sports/Games
 Physical Education 4: Team Sports
 Meaning and Importance of Physical Fitness
Components of Physical Fitness

INTRODUCTION
Physical fitness is a combination of medical fitness (body soundness) and dynamic fitness
(capacity for action). A physically fit person is free from disease and can move and perform
efficiently. Neither good health nor physical proficiency alone constitutes physical fitness, which
combines both qualities. Another factor is emotional factor. This is readily apparent in athletic
contests, where good performance requires self-discipline, effective teamwork, and the ability to
remain calm under stress.
Medical fitness and dynamic fitness usually go together, but it is possible to possess one
without the other. Many people who are medically sound may also weak and unable to endure
strenuous physical exertion. They are described as being "out of condition". Other people with
chronic health problems are physically strong and skilled. Intensive conditioning helps them to
offset the handicaps of bad health.
LECTURE
Physical Fitness is the primary specific objective in teaching Physical Education. Thus, it is
in order that PE teacher should have the correct concept of Physical Fitness.
Physical Fitness is the ability of an individual to perform one's daily activities efficiently
without undue fatigue, reduce the risk of health problems and with extra "reserve" in case of
emergency.
Importance of Physical Fitness
Through regular exercises, physical fitness helps the individual:
 in the proper growth of young bones and muscles;
 improve the ability to avoid and recover from illnesses and accidents:
 improve posture and appearance by strengthening muscles that support the body:
 minimize stress response,
 maintain proper body weight,
 prevent heart ailment;
 improve organic functions;
 delay the aging process;
 feel good and younger as a human being, and
 Experience joy of participation in any recreational or sports activities.

Principles of Physical Fitness

Physical fitness is a personal responsibility. Few individuals other than athletes and military
personnel are actually required to participate in organized fitness programs. Most people are
physically unfit simply because they do not get enough exercise. Many do not take the time to
exercise, and others try to stay fit with only light, infrequent activity.
A person's physical fitness is determined by such factors as age, heredity and behavior.
Although many people cannot control their age or heredity, their behavior can help them become
physically fit and stay that way. Individuals vary greatly in their capacity for physical fitness, but
almost anyone can improve by exercising regularly.
Specific Components of Physical Fitness
 Organic Vigor - refers to the soundness of the heart and lungs which contributes to the
ability to resist disease.
Ability - to sustain long continued contractions where a number of muscles
Endurance - groups are used the capacity to bear or last long in a certain task without
undue fatigue.
Strength - is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or breaking: the
ability of the muscles to exert efforts against resistance.
Power- refers to the ability of the muscles to release maximum force in the shortest period of
time.
Flexibility - is the quality of plasticity, which gives the ability to do a wide range of movement.
Agility- is the ability of the individual to change direction or position in space with quickness
and lightness of movement while maintaining dynamic balance.
Balance - is the ability to control organic equipment neuro-muscularly; a state of equilibrium
Speed - the ability to make successive movements of the same kind in the shortest period of
time.
Coordination - is the ability to integrate the body parts to produce smooth motion.
Physical Wellness – is the positive state of well-being and capability of an individual to design
personal fitness programs.