Introduction to Mechatronics (FMD401)

Week 1
Introduction to Mechatronics
DR/ MOHAMED EL TAHER MOHAMED 1
Lecture Outline

The design process

Systems

Measurement systems

Control systems

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 ▪ Introduction

▪ Sensors and signal conditioning

▪ Actuation
▪ Microprocessor systems
▪ System models

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INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS (FMD401) 5
 What is mechatronics?

▪ The integration across the traditional boundaries of mechanical

engineering, electrical engineering, electronics and control
engineering (earliest stages)

▪ Mechatronics has involved a concurrent approach a mechanical

system, then designing the electrical part and the
microprocessor part.

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 The basic elements of a mechatronic system.

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 ▪ The term embedded system is used where microprocessors are
embedded into systems
▪ A microprocessor is a collection of logic gates and memory elements
which are implemented by means of software
▪ Microcontrollers are microprocessors with extra facilities all
integrated together on a single chip.
▪ Embedded system is a microprocessor-based system that is
designed to control a range of functions and is not designed to be
programmed

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 1. The need
2. Analysis of the problem
3. Preparation of a specification
4. Generation of possible solutions
5. Selections of a suitable solution
6. Production of a detailed design
7. Production of working drawings
8. Testing the system

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System definition:
It is a group of interconnected elements designed together to perform a certain function.
Notes:
•System can be divided into a number of subsystems
•System representation by block diagram

Examples of systems: (a) spring, (b) motor, (c) thermometer.

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Measurement systems

▪ Measurement systems made up of three basic elements

1. A sensor responds to the quantity being measured by giving as its output a
signal (thermocouple)
2. A signal conditioner takes the signal from the sensor and
manipulates it into a condition which is suitable either for display
or control system (signal amplifier)
3. A display system displays the output from the signal conditioner.

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Control systems

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Control systems

Open-loop system

Closed-loop system

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Control systems

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Control systems

▪ Basic elements of a closed-loop system

1. Comparison element : compares the required or reference
value of the variable being controlled with the measured value

Error signal = reference value signal - measured value signal

2. Control element: decides what action to take when it receives an

error signal
3. Correction element: produces a change in the process to correct
or change the controlled condition (increases the temperature)

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Control systems

4. Process element: The process is what is being controlled (tank of

water)
5. Measurement element: The measurement element produces a
signal related to the variable condition

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Control systems

Automatic control of water level.

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Control systems

Analogue and digital control systems

▪ Analogue systems: the signals are continuous functions of time
▪ Digital signals : a sequence of on/off signals, the value of the
variable being represented by the sequence of on/off pulses

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 Analogue-
to-digital
converters

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 ▪ Sequential controllers:
actions are strictly
ordered in a time- or
event-driven sequence
(electric circuit with sets
of relays to give the
required sequence)

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Thank You!