Blacktown Boys’ High School

2022
HSC Trial Examination

Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided for this paper
• All diagrams are not drawn to scale
• In Questions 11−14, show all relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 3−7)

70 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 8−14)

• Attempt Questions 11–14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

STUDENT NAME: _______________________________________________

Students are advised that this is a trial examination only and cannot in any way
guarantee the content or format of the 2022 Higher School Certificate Examination.
BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10. Only the multiple choice answer
sheet will be marked.
1 Three women and three men are to be seated around a circular table. In how many
ways can this be done if the men and women must alternate?

A. 3! × 2!

B. 2! × 2!

C. 5!

D. 6!

2 Consider the slope field below:

What is the possible differential equation for the slope field?

𝑒𝑒𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
A. =−
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2
𝑒𝑒𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦
B. =−
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2
𝑒𝑒𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
C. =
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2
𝑒𝑒𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦
D. =
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

3 A coin is biased such that the probability of a head on any toss is 0.69.
Which expression states the probability of a head appearing twice on this coin if this
coin is tossed 50 times?

50
A. � � × 0.312 × 0.6948
2

B. 50 × 0.312 × 0.6948

50
C. � � × 0.692 × 0.3148
2

D. 50 × 0.692 × 0.3148

4 The polynomial 4𝑥𝑥 4 − 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 9𝑥𝑥 − 10 has zeroes 𝛼𝛼, 𝛽𝛽, 𝛾𝛾, and 𝛿𝛿.
What is the value of 𝛼𝛼𝛽𝛽𝛾𝛾𝛿𝛿(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾 + 𝛿𝛿)?

5
A.
4
5
B. −
4
9
C.
4
9
D. −
4

5 Which expression is equal to � cos2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 ?

𝑥𝑥 sin 8𝑥𝑥
A. + + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
𝑥𝑥 sin 8𝑥𝑥
B. − + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
𝑥𝑥 sin 4𝑥𝑥
C. − + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
𝑥𝑥 sin 4𝑥𝑥
D. + + 𝐶𝐶
2 16

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

6 A committee of 3 students is to be chosen from a group consisting of 5 students who

are girls and 4 students who are boys. What is the probability that 2 boys will be
selected?

1
A.
84

5
B.
84
1
C.
14
5
D.
14

5 4
7 What is the vector projection of 𝒑𝒑 = � � onto 𝒒𝒒 = � � ?
−2 3

A. 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋

56 42
B. 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋
100 75

56 42
C. 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋
25 25

D. 56𝒊𝒊 + 42𝒋𝒋

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

8 The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = cos−1 𝑥𝑥 is shown below:

Which of the following is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2 cos−1(𝑥𝑥 − 1)?

A. B.

C. D.

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

9 Jacob draws a vector from the origin to the point 𝐴𝐴(2, −4). Then, he draws another
vector 2𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒋𝒋 from the point 𝐴𝐴, ending in point 𝑂𝑂. How far is point 𝑂𝑂 from the
origin?

A. √15 units

B. √16 units

C. √17 units

D. √19 units

10 The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is shown below:

What is the domain and range of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥)?

A. Domain: all real 𝑥𝑥

Range: [−1,1]

B. Domain: [−1,1]
Range: all real 𝑦𝑦

C. Domain: [−1,1]
Range: [−1,1]

D. Domain: all real 𝑥𝑥

Range: all real 𝑦𝑦

End of Section 1
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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Section II
60 Marks
Attempt Questions 11−14
Start each question in a SEPARATE booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For Questions 11−14, your responses should all include relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks)

a) i) Differentiate 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 sin−1(2𝑥𝑥) 2

1
3 −1
ii) Evaluate � 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2
0
�1 − 𝑥𝑥 2
9

−𝑥𝑥 1
b) Solve ≤ 3
2𝑥𝑥 + 1 4

c) Given that 𝑋𝑋~𝑂𝑂(𝑛𝑛, 𝑝𝑝), 𝜇𝜇 = 3, and 𝜎𝜎 2 = 2, evaluate:

i) 𝑝𝑝 2

ii) 𝑛𝑛 1

d) Solve 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 , for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋. 2

Round your answers to 2 decimal places where necessary.

e) Use the substitution 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 3 to evaluate 3

1
3
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥
0

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 12 (15 marks)

a) Consider ∆𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 below where �����⃗ �����⃗ = 𝑒𝑒, �����⃗

𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 = 𝑐𝑐 , 𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 = 𝑏𝑏 , and ∠𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 = 90°.
~ ~ ~

Let 𝑀𝑀 be the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶.

𝑏𝑏
i) ������⃗ = 𝑐𝑐 − ~
Explain why 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 1
~ 2

ii) ������⃗ in terms of 𝑒𝑒, 𝑏𝑏, and 𝑐𝑐.

Find an expression for 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 1
~ ~ ~

b) i) Express √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 in the form 𝑅𝑅 sin(𝑥𝑥 − 𝛼𝛼), where 𝑅𝑅 > 0 and 2
𝜋𝜋
0 < 𝛼𝛼 < .
2

ii) Hence, solve √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 1, for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋. 2

c) The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is shown below:

Sketch:
1
i) 𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

ii) 𝑦𝑦 = �𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 2
Question 12 continues on next page
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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

d) Prove, using vectors, that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. 2

e) A restaurant knows that 33% of customers will order a take-away meal after 3
dining in the restaurant.
In one particular week, the restaurant took 600 bookings.
Using the normal distribution table below, determine the probability that 200
will order a take-away meal after dining in the restaurant.

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0 0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.02 0.024 0.028 0.032 0.036
0.1 0.04 0.044 0.048 0.052 0.056 0.06 0.064 0.068 0.071 0.075
0.2 0.079 0.083 0.087 0.091 0.095 0.099 0.103 0.106 0.11 0.114
0.3 0.118 0.122 0.126 0.129 0.133 0.137 0.141 0.144 0.148 0.152
0.4 0.155 0.159 0.163 0.166 0.17 0.174 0.177 0.181 0.184 0.188
0.5 0.192 0.195 0.199 0.202 0.205 0.209 0.212 0.216 0.219 0.222

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 13 (15 marks)

a) A large cylindrical tank is leaking. The volume, 𝑑𝑑, of water left in the tank at
any given time, 𝑑𝑑, is given by
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
= −𝑘𝑘√𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
where 𝑘𝑘 is a constant.
i) Find the general solution of the differential equation above. 2

ii) The tank initially holds 100 litres of water and is leaking at a constant 2
rate of 5L/min. How long will it take for the tank to be empty?

b) Part of the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 is shown below. A line is drawn through the
point 𝑇𝑇(−1, 4) such that this line intersects the parabola again at the point
(3, 0), as shown below:

i) Show that the equation of the line through 𝑇𝑇(−1, 4) and (3, 0) is 1
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 3 = 0.

ii) The shaded region in the diagram above is rotated about the 𝑥𝑥-axis. 2
Calculate the exact volume of the solid formed.

sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃

c) i) Show that = tan 3𝜃𝜃 2
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃

sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃

ii) Hence, solve = 1, for 0 ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋. 1
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃

d) A coin is tossed 30 times. 2

Let 𝑋𝑋 be the number of heads. Find the probability that the number of heads is
within one standard deviation of the mean using the binomial distribution.
Round off your answer to 3 decimal places.

Question 13 continues on the next page

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

1 1
e) i) Show that sec(2 sin−1 (𝑥𝑥)) can be expressed as
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2

ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve sec(2 sin−1 (𝑥𝑥)) = −2. 2

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 14 (15 marks)

a) i) Prove that 𝑛𝑛 + 1 is a factor of 𝑃𝑃(𝑛𝑛) = 4𝑛𝑛3 + 18𝑛𝑛2 + 23𝑛𝑛 + 9. 1

ii) Hence, use mathematical induction to prove that for all integers 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 1, 3
𝑛𝑛(4𝑛𝑛2 + 6𝑛𝑛 − 1)
1×3+3×5+5×7+⋯+ (2𝑛𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛𝑛 − 1) =
3

b) The diagram below shows a chord of length 𝑥𝑥 from the centre of the circle.

The radius of the circle has length 𝑝𝑝 and the chord subtends an angle of 2𝜃𝜃 at
the centre of the circle.

i) Show that the shaded area is 𝐴𝐴 = 𝑝𝑝 2 (𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃). 2

𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥

ii) Explain why = × × 1
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑

iii) If the radius is 2 units, how quickly is the shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, changing if 3
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥
= √3 when 𝑥𝑥 = 1?
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑

Question 14 continues on the next page

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BBHS 2022 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

c) Marine biologists decided to investigate the amount of algae in a pond.

On 1st January 2022, the population of algae in the pond was 1000.
One marine biologist suggested the following mathematical model:
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 1
= −7.6 + 𝑒𝑒(40 − 𝑒𝑒)
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 10
where 𝑒𝑒 is the population of algae in the pond after time 𝑑𝑑 years.

i) Show that the differential equation above can be expressed as 1

𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 1
= − (𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38)
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 10

ii) Given that 3

−1 1 1
= − (Do NOT prove this.)
(𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) 36(𝑒𝑒 − 2) 36(𝑒𝑒 − 38)
5 481(𝑒𝑒 − 2)
Using this result, show that 𝑑𝑑 = log𝑎𝑎 � �
18 499(𝑒𝑒 − 38)

iii) In how many months will the pond be empty of algae? 1

End of Examination

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 2022 Year 12 Mathematics Extension 1 Trial
Sample Solutions and Marking Criteria
Section 1

Q1 A 1 Mark
Correct Answer
One man/woman is fixed in any one seat.

∴ 2 men/women are remaining (can be seated in 2! ways).

Remaining people can be seated in 3! Ways

∴ Total number of ways = 3! × 2!

Q2 D 1 Mark
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Correct Answer
When 𝑦𝑦 > 0, >0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Only option D satisfies this.

Q3 C 1 Mark
Correct Answer
𝑛𝑛 = 50
𝑝𝑝 = 0.69
𝑞𝑞 = 0.31
50
𝑃𝑃 (2 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒) = � � × 0.692 × 0.3148
2
Q4 B 1 Mark
Correct Answer
−2 1
𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾 + 𝛿𝛿 = − =
4 2
10 5
𝛼𝛼𝛽𝛽𝛾𝛾𝛿𝛿 = − =−
4 2
5 1 5
∴ 𝛼𝛼𝛽𝛽𝛾𝛾𝛿𝛿(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾 + 𝛿𝛿) = − × = −
2 2 4
Q5 A 1 Mark
Correct Answer
1
� cos 2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = �(1 + cos 8𝑥𝑥) 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥
2
1 sin 8𝑥𝑥
� cos 2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = �𝑥𝑥 + � + 𝐶𝐶
2 2
𝑥𝑥 sin 8𝑥𝑥
� cos 2 4𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = + + 𝐶𝐶
2 16
Q6 D 1 Mark
Correct Answer
�42� × �51� 5
𝑃𝑃(2 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒) = =
�39� 14

1
Q7 C 1 Mark
𝒑𝒑 ∙ 𝒒𝒒 Correct Answer
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = × 𝒒𝒒
𝒒𝒒 ∙ 𝒒𝒒
5 × 4 + (−2) × 3
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = × (4𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒋𝒋)
42 + 32
14
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = × (4𝒊𝒊 + 3𝒋𝒋)
25
56 42
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝.𝒒𝒒 𝒑𝒑 = 𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋
25 25
Q8 A 1 Mark
Correct Answer
Option B is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2 cos−1 𝑥𝑥.

Option C is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = sin−1(𝑥𝑥 − 1).

Option D is the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥𝑥.

Q9 C 1 Mark
Correct Answer

�����⃗ � = �42 + (−1)2

�𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

�����⃗ � = √16 + 1
�𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

�����⃗ � = √17
�𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

Q10 B 1 Mark
Correct Answer
For 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥), the domain is all real 𝑥𝑥 and the range is [−1, 1].

For 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), the domain and range of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) interchange.

So, for 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), the domain is [−1, 1] and the range is all real 𝑦𝑦.

2
Section 2

Q11a(i) 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 sin−1 (2𝑥𝑥) 2 Marks

Correct solution
𝑒𝑒𝑦𝑦 2
= 3𝑥𝑥 + 3 sin−1(2𝑥𝑥)
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 √1 − 4𝑥𝑥 2

𝑒𝑒𝑦𝑦 6𝑥𝑥 1 Mark

= + 3 sin−1 (2𝑥𝑥)
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 √1 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 Demonstrates that
𝑒𝑒 2
(sin−1(2𝑥𝑥)) =
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 √1 − 4𝑥𝑥 2
Q11a(ii) 1 1 2 Marks
3 −1 3 1
� 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = − � 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 Correct solution
√1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
0 0
�1 − 𝑥𝑥 2
9
1
1
3 −1 −1
1 Mark
� 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = −[sin 3𝑥𝑥]30 Demonstrates that
0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
1
1 3 −1 1
3 −1 −1 −1 � 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = −[sin−1 3𝑥𝑥]30
� 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = −(sin 1 − sin 0) 0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2
1
3 −1 𝜋𝜋
� 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = −
0 √1 − 9𝑥𝑥 2 2

Q11b 𝑥𝑥 1 3 Marks
− ≤
2𝑥𝑥 + 1 4 Correct solution
1
𝑥𝑥 ≠ −
2
2 Marks
−𝑥𝑥2
1
4 × (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) × ≤ × (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 × 4 Demonstrates that
2𝑥𝑥 + 1 4 1
𝑥𝑥 ≠ −
−4𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≤ (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 2
(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 + 4𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≥ 0 AND

(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥𝑥 + 1 + 4𝑥𝑥) ≥ 0 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(6𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≥ 0

(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(6𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≥ 0
1 Mark
Demonstrates that
1
𝑥𝑥 ≠ −
2
AND

Multiplies both sides by

(2𝑥𝑥 + 1)2

1 1
Solution: 𝑥𝑥 < − , 𝑥𝑥 ≥ −
2 6

3
Q11c(i) 𝜇𝜇 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 2 Marks
Correct solution
3 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 … (1)

𝜎𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞
1 Mark
2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 … (2)
Demonstrates either 3 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝
Sub. (1) into (2) and 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞

2 = 3𝑞𝑞
2
𝑞𝑞 =
3
2 1
𝑝𝑝 = 1 − =
3 3
Q11c(ii) 3 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 1 Mark
1 Correct answer
Sub. 𝑝𝑝 =
3

1
3 = 𝑛𝑛 ×
3
𝑛𝑛 = 9

Q11d 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋 2 Marks

Correct solution
3(2 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥) = cos 𝑥𝑥
6 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥
1 Mark
6 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 0
Demonstrates that
cos 𝑥𝑥 (6 sin 𝑥𝑥 − 1) = 0 3 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥
1 can be expressed as
cos 𝑥𝑥 = 0 or sin 𝑥𝑥 = 6 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥 and
6

𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋 finds one set of correct

𝑥𝑥 = or or 0.17 or 2.97 (to 2 d. p. ) solutions
2 2

Q11e Let 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 3 3 Marks

Correct solution
𝑒𝑒𝑢𝑢
= 3𝑥𝑥 2
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒𝑢𝑢 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2 Marks
𝑒𝑒𝑢𝑢 Correct integration in terms
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = of 𝑢𝑢
3
When 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑢𝑢 = 13 = 1

When 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑢𝑢 = 03 = 0 1 Mark
1
Demonstrates either
3 1 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = � 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 𝑒𝑒𝑢𝑢 𝑒𝑒𝑢𝑢
0 3 0 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 =
3
1
3 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = [𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 ]10 OR
0 3
1
When 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑢𝑢 = 13 = 1
3 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = (𝑒𝑒 1 − 𝑒𝑒 0 ) When 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑢𝑢 = 03 = 0
0 3

4
 1
3 1
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 = (𝑒𝑒 − 1)
0 3

Q12a(i) �����⃗ = 𝑐𝑐 .
We know that 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 1 Mark
~ Correct explanation
𝑏𝑏
�����⃗ , then 𝐴𝐴𝑀𝑀
Since 𝑀𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 ������⃗ = ~
2

𝑏𝑏
������⃗ = − ~
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴
2
������⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = ������⃗ �����⃗
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 + 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
𝑏𝑏
������⃗ = − ~ + 𝑐𝑐
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
2 ~
𝑏𝑏
������⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝑐𝑐 − ~2, as required
~

Q12a(ii) ������⃗ = ������⃗

𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 �����⃗
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 1 Mark
Correct answer
𝑏𝑏
������⃗
𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 = 𝑐𝑐 − ~ + 𝑒𝑒
~ 2 ~
Q12b(i) √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑅𝑅 sin(𝑥𝑥 − 𝛼𝛼) 2 Marks
Correct solution
√3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑅𝑅 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝛼𝛼 − 𝑅𝑅 cos 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝛼𝛼
Equate coefficients of sin 𝑥𝑥 and cos 𝑥𝑥
1 Mark
𝑅𝑅 cos 𝛼𝛼 = √3 … (1) Evaluates either
𝜋𝜋
𝑅𝑅 sin 𝛼𝛼 = 1 … (2) 𝛼𝛼 =
6
(2) ÷ (1) OR
1
tan 𝛼𝛼 = 𝑅𝑅 = 2
√3
𝜋𝜋
𝛼𝛼 =
6
(2)2 + (1)2 = 1
2
𝑅𝑅 2 sin2 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑅𝑅 2 cos 2 𝛼𝛼 = 12 + √3
𝑅𝑅 2 (sin2 𝛼𝛼 + cos2 𝛼𝛼) = 4
𝑅𝑅 2 = 4
𝑅𝑅 = 2
𝜋𝜋
√3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 2 sin �𝑥𝑥 − �
6
Q12b(ii) √3 sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋 2 Marks
Correct solution
𝜋𝜋
2 sin �𝑥𝑥 − � = 1
6
𝜋𝜋 1
sin �𝑥𝑥 − � =
6 2

5
 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 1 Mark
𝑥𝑥 − = , Finds one correct answer of
6 6 6
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 = , 𝜋𝜋
3
Q12c(i) 2 Marks
Correct sketch, including the
labelling of all significant
points

1 Mark
Some significant points
labelled

Q12c(ii) 2 Marks
Correct sketch, including
correct curvature of
𝑦𝑦 = �𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) relative to
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

1 Mark
Some significant points
labelled

Q12d Let 𝐴𝐴 be the origin. 2 Marks

Correct proof
�����⃗ = 𝑒𝑒
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
~

�����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑏𝑏 1 Mark
~
Establishes basis to prove
𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 and 𝑂𝑂𝐴𝐴 intersect at 𝑂𝑂. that 𝑂𝑂 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶
and 𝑂𝑂𝐴𝐴.
We have to prove that 𝑂𝑂 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 and 𝑂𝑂𝐴𝐴.
�����⃗ = 𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶
Let 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 �����⃗ and 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
�����⃗ = 𝑦𝑦𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
������⃗ … (1)

�����⃗ = �����⃗
Now, 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶
�����⃗ = 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 �����⃗ + 𝑂𝑂𝐴𝐴
������⃗

�����⃗ = 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑏𝑏
𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶
~ ~

Also, ������⃗ �����⃗ + 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂

𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �����⃗

������⃗ = −𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 �����⃗ + 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
�����⃗

6
 ������⃗ = −𝑏𝑏 + 𝑒𝑒
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
~ ~

������⃗
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 = 𝑒𝑒 − 𝑏𝑏
~ ~

From (1),
�����⃗ �����⃗ = 𝑥𝑥(𝑒𝑒 + 𝑏𝑏) and 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 = 𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 �����⃗ = 𝑦𝑦𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
������⃗ = 𝑦𝑦(𝑒𝑒 − 𝑏𝑏)
~ ~ ~ ~

Now,
�����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 = �����⃗ �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

𝑒𝑒 = 𝑥𝑥 �𝑒𝑒 + 𝑏𝑏� + 𝑦𝑦(𝑒𝑒 − 𝑏𝑏 )

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

𝑒𝑒 = 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 + 𝑥𝑥𝑏𝑏 + 𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒 − 𝑦𝑦𝑏𝑏

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

𝑒𝑒 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)𝑒𝑒 + (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑏𝑏

~ ~ ~

Equate coefficients of 𝑒𝑒 and 𝑏𝑏

~ ~

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 1
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 0
1
By inspection, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 = 2

1
�����⃗ =
𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂 �����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶
2
1
�����⃗ = ������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂
2
Hence, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, as required.
Q12e 𝑝𝑝 = 0.33 3 Marks
Correct solution
𝑞𝑞 = 0.67
𝜇𝜇 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 = 600 × 0.33 = 198
2 Marks
𝜎𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 = 600 × 0.33 × 0.67 = 132.66 Finds the correct 𝑧𝑧 score
𝜎𝜎 = √132.66 = 11.5178 …
𝑥𝑥 − 𝜇𝜇 200 − 198 1 Mark
𝑧𝑧 = = = 0.173644 …
𝜎𝜎 11.5178 … Evaluates either 𝜇𝜇 = 198 or
Using the table, this equates to 0.068 𝜎𝜎 = √132.66

Probability is 6.8%
Q13a(i) 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
= −𝑘𝑘√𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
1
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
√𝑑𝑑 1 Mark
1 Demonstrates that
𝑑𝑑 −2 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
= −𝑘𝑘√𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
7
 1 derives to
� 𝑑𝑑 −2 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘 � 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
1
1 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 = −𝑘𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
2𝑑𝑑 2 = −𝑘𝑘𝑑𝑑 + 𝐶𝐶 √𝑑𝑑

2√𝑑𝑑 = 𝐶𝐶 − 𝑘𝑘𝑑𝑑
𝑘𝑘
√𝑑𝑑 = 𝐶𝐶 − 𝑑𝑑
2
𝑘𝑘 2
𝑑𝑑 = �𝐶𝐶 − 𝑑𝑑�
2
Q13a(ii) 𝑘𝑘 2 2 Marks
𝑑𝑑 = �𝐶𝐶 − 𝑑𝑑� Correct solution
2
When 𝑑𝑑 = 0, 𝑑𝑑 = 100
2 1 Mark
𝑘𝑘
100 = �𝐶𝐶 − × 0� Derives equation for 𝑑𝑑 i.e.
2
100 = 𝐶𝐶 2 1 2
𝑑𝑑 = �10 − 𝑑𝑑�
4
𝐶𝐶 = ±10
𝑘𝑘 2 𝑘𝑘 2
Our equations are 𝑑𝑑 = �10 − 2 𝑑𝑑� and 𝑑𝑑 = �−10 − 2 𝑑𝑑�
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
When 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −5, 𝑑𝑑 = 100

−5 = −𝑘𝑘√100
1
𝑘𝑘 =
2
1 2 𝑘𝑘 2
Our equations are 𝑑𝑑 = �10 − 4 𝑑𝑑� and 𝑑𝑑 = �−10 − 4 𝑑𝑑�

Sub 𝑑𝑑 = 0 into both equations above

1 2 𝑘𝑘 2
0 = �10 − 4 𝑑𝑑� and 0 = �−10 − 4 𝑑𝑑�

Solving the equation gives 𝑑𝑑 = ±40

But 𝑑𝑑 > 0 only.
It would take 40 minutes.
Q13b(i) 4−0 4 1 Mark
𝑚𝑚 = = = −1
−1 − 3 −4 Correct proof
demonstrating all steps
The equation of the line
logically
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
𝑦𝑦 − 0 = −(𝑥𝑥 − 3)
𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 + 3
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 3 = 0, as required

8
Q13b(ii) 𝑏𝑏 2 Marks
𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋 � 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 Correct solution
𝑎𝑎
3
𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋 � ((3 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − (𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥)2 ) 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥
−1 1 Mark
3
Demonstrates the volume of
𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋 � (9 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 4 + 6𝑥𝑥 3 − 9𝑥𝑥 2 ) 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 the solid of revolution is
−1 given by
3 3
𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋 � ((3 − 𝑥𝑥)2 − (𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥)2 ) 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋 � (−𝑥𝑥 4 3 2
+ 6𝑥𝑥 − 8𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 9) 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 −1
−1
3
𝑥𝑥 5 3𝑥𝑥 4 8𝑥𝑥 3
𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋 �− + − − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑥𝑥�
5 2 3 −1

9 229
𝑑𝑑 = 𝜋𝜋 � + �
10 30
128𝜋𝜋 3
𝑑𝑑 = 𝑢𝑢
15
Q13c(i) sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃 2 Marks
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃 Correct proof
(sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃) + sin 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
(cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃) + cos 3𝜃𝜃 1 Mark
5𝜃𝜃 + 𝜃𝜃 5𝜃𝜃 − 𝜃𝜃 Uses sums to products
2 sin � � cos � � + sin 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 2 2 formula to demonstrate
5𝜃𝜃 + 𝜃𝜃 5𝜃𝜃 − 𝜃𝜃 that
2 cos � � cos � � + cos 3𝜃𝜃
2 2
2 sin 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
2 sin 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 2 cos 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
2 cos 3𝜃𝜃 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃
sin 3𝜃𝜃 (2 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
cos 3𝜃𝜃 (2 cos 2𝜃𝜃 + 1)
sin 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
cos 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = tan 3𝜃𝜃
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
Q13c(ii) sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 3𝜃𝜃 + sin 5𝜃𝜃 1 Mark
= 1, 0 ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋
cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 3𝜃𝜃 + cos 5𝜃𝜃 All answers correct

tan 3𝜃𝜃 = 1
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 9𝜋𝜋 13𝜋𝜋 17𝜋𝜋 21𝜋𝜋
3𝜃𝜃 = , , , , ,
4 4 4 4 4 4
𝜋𝜋 5𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋 13𝜋𝜋 17𝜋𝜋 7𝜋𝜋
𝜃𝜃 = , , , , ,
12 12 4 12 12 4
Q13d 1 2 Marks
𝜇𝜇 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝 = 30 × = 15
2 Correct solution
1 1
𝜎𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 = 30 × × = 7.5
2 2
9
 𝜎𝜎 = √7.5 1 Mark
Demonstrates that
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) = 𝑃𝑃(12.261 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 17.739)
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎)
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) = 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) = 𝑃𝑃(12.261 ≤ 𝑋𝑋
𝑃𝑃(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) ≤ 17.739)
30 1 30 30 1 30 30 1 30 30 1 30
= � �� � + � �� � + � �� � + � �� �
13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2
30 1 30
+ � �� �
17 2
(𝜇𝜇 − 𝜎𝜎 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 𝜇𝜇 + 𝜎𝜎) ≈ 0.638
Q13e(i) Let 𝛼𝛼 = sin−1 𝑥𝑥 1 Mark
Correct proof
sin 𝛼𝛼 = 𝑥𝑥 demonstrating all steps
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) = sec 2𝛼𝛼 logically

1
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) =
cos 2𝛼𝛼
1
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) =
1 − 2 sin2 𝛼𝛼
1
sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) = , as required
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2
Q13e(ii) sec(2 sin−1(𝑥𝑥)) = −2 2 Marks
Correct solution
1
= −2
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2
1 1 Mark
1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 = − Demonstrates that
2
3 1
2𝑥𝑥 2 = = −2
2 1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2
3
𝑥𝑥 2 =
4
√3
𝑥𝑥 = ±
2
Q14a(i) 𝑃𝑃(𝑛𝑛) = 4𝑛𝑛3 + 18𝑛𝑛2 + 23𝑛𝑛 + 9 1 Mark
Correct proof
𝑃𝑃(−1) = 4 × (−1)3 + 18 × (−1)2 + 23 × (−1) + 9 demonstrating all steps
𝑃𝑃(−1) = −4 + 18 − 23 + 9 logically

𝑃𝑃(−1) = 0
𝑛𝑛 + 1 is a factor of 𝑃𝑃(𝑛𝑛)
Q14a(ii) When 𝑛𝑛 = 1, 3 Marks
Correct solution
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 × 3 = 3
1(4 × 12 + 6 × 1 − 1)
𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = = 3 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
3

10
The statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1. 2 Marks
Proves the statement is true
Assume the statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘, where 𝑘𝑘 is an integer 𝑘𝑘 ≥ 1 for 𝑛𝑛 = 1 and demonstrates
𝑘𝑘(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 6𝑘𝑘 − 1) that for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1,
1 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 5 × 7 + ⋯ + (2𝑘𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘𝑘 − 1) =
3 4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
Prove the statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1
1 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 5 × 7 + ⋯ + (2𝑘𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘𝑘 − 1) + (2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)
(𝑘𝑘 + 1)(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 14𝑘𝑘 + 9)
=
3 1 Mark
Proof: Proves the statement is true
for 𝑛𝑛 = 1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 5 × 7 + ⋯ + (2𝑘𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘𝑘 − 1) + (2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)

𝑘𝑘(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 6𝑘𝑘 − 1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = + (2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)
3
𝑘𝑘(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 6𝑘𝑘 − 1) + 3(2𝑘𝑘 + 3)(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
4𝑘𝑘 3 + 6𝑘𝑘 2 − 𝑘𝑘 + 3(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 8𝑘𝑘 + 3)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
4𝑘𝑘 3 + 6𝑘𝑘 2 − 𝑘𝑘 + 12𝑘𝑘 2 + 24𝑘𝑘 + 9
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
Let 𝑃𝑃(𝑘𝑘) = 4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9
From part (i), 𝑘𝑘 + 1 is a factor of 𝑃𝑃(𝑘𝑘)
Now,

4𝑘𝑘 3 + 18𝑘𝑘 2 + 23𝑘𝑘 + 9

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3

11
 (𝑘𝑘 + 1)(4𝑘𝑘 2 + 14𝑘𝑘 + 9)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
3
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
Hence, by mathematical induction, the statement is true for all integers
𝑛𝑛 ≥ 1.
Q14b(i) 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 − 𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎 2 Marks
Correct proof
1 2 demonstrating all steps
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑝𝑝 𝜃𝜃
2 logically
1 2
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑝𝑝 × 2𝜃𝜃
2
1 Mark
𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑝𝑝 2 𝜃𝜃 Demonstrates either
1
𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎 = × base × height 𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜃𝜃𝑝𝑝 2
2
OR
height = 𝑥𝑥
𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎 = 𝑝𝑝 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

Using Pythagoras’ theorem in the triangle above,

height of triangle = �𝑝𝑝 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2

So, base = 2 × √𝑝𝑝 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2

Now,

√𝑝𝑝 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2
sin 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑝𝑝

∴ �𝑝𝑝 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 = 𝑝𝑝 sin 𝜃𝜃
∴ base = 2𝑝𝑝 sin 𝜃𝜃
Also,
𝑥𝑥
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑝𝑝
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝 cos 𝜃𝜃
∴ height = 𝑝𝑝 cos 𝜃𝜃
So,
1
𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎 = × 2𝑝𝑝 sin 𝜃𝜃 × 𝑝𝑝 cos 𝜃𝜃
2

12
 𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎 = 𝑝𝑝 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

Hence,

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 𝜃𝜃𝑝𝑝 2 − 𝑝𝑝 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 𝑝𝑝 2 (𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃)
Q14b(ii) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 Mark
is the change in area over time.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Correct explanation
The shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, is dependent on the value of 𝜃𝜃; therefore, the change
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
in the shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, changes with the value of 𝜃𝜃, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .

As 𝜃𝜃 changes, so does the value of 𝑥𝑥; therefore, the change in the value of
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜃𝜃 changes with the value of 𝑥𝑥, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
All of these changes happen over time, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .

As a result, the change in the shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, is dependent on the changes
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
of the values of 𝜃𝜃, 𝑥𝑥, and 𝑑𝑑, i.e., 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 .

Q14b(iii) 𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 3 Marks

= × ×
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2 Marks
= √3
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 Evaluates

When 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 �2� =

1 𝜋𝜋 𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴
3 =6
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃
Now, AND
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑝𝑝 2 (𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃) 𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 1
=−
2 2
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑝𝑝 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑝𝑝 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 √3
𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴
= 𝑝𝑝 2 − (−𝑝𝑝 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑝𝑝 2 cos 2 𝜃𝜃)
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 1 Mark
𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 Evaluates either
= 𝑝𝑝 2 − (𝑝𝑝 2 cos2 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑝𝑝 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃)
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴
𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 =6
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃
= 𝑝𝑝 2 − �𝑝𝑝 2 (cos2 𝜃𝜃 − sin2 𝜃𝜃)�
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 OR
𝜋𝜋
Sub 𝑝𝑝 = 2 and 𝜃𝜃 = 3 𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 1
=−
𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 √3
= 22 − �22 �cos 2 � � − sin2 � ���
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 3 3

𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 1 3
= 4 − �4 � − ��
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 4 4
𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴
= 4 − (1 − 3)
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃
𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴
= 4+2= 6
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃
Now,

13
 𝑥𝑥
𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 � �
2
1
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 −
= 2
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2
�1 − 𝑥𝑥
4
Sub 𝑥𝑥 = 1
1
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 −
= 2
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 2
�1 − 1
4
𝑒𝑒𝜃𝜃 1
=−
𝑒𝑒𝑥𝑥 √3
So,
𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴 1
= 6×− × √3 = −6
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 √3
The shaded area, 𝐴𝐴, is decreasing at 6 units/time.
Q14c(i) 1 1 1 Mark
− (𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) = − (𝑒𝑒2 − 40𝑒𝑒 + 76)
10 10 Correct proof
demonstrating all steps
1 𝑒𝑒2
− (𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) = − + 4𝑒𝑒 − 7.6
10 10
1 𝑒𝑒2
− (𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) = 4𝑒𝑒 − − 7.6
10 10
1 1
− (𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) = 𝑒𝑒(40 − 𝑒𝑒) − 7.6
10 10
1 1
− (𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) = −7.6 + 𝑒𝑒(40 − 𝑒𝑒)
10 10
Q14c(ii) 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 1 3 Marks
= −7.6 + 𝑒𝑒(40 − 𝑒𝑒)
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 10 Correct proof
demonstrating all steps
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 1
= − (𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) logically
𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 10
1 1
− 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
(𝑒𝑒 − 2)(𝑒𝑒 − 38) 10 2 Marks
Demonstrates
1 1 1
� − � 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑
36(𝑒𝑒 − 2) 36(𝑒𝑒 − 38) 10 1
log |𝑒𝑒 − 2|
36 𝑎𝑎
1 1 1 1
�� − � 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = � 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 − log𝑎𝑎 |𝑒𝑒 − 38|
36(𝑒𝑒 − 2) 36(𝑒𝑒 − 38) 10 36
𝑑𝑑
1 1 1 = + 𝐶𝐶
� 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 − � 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = � 𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 10
36(𝑒𝑒 − 2) 36(𝑒𝑒 − 38) 10
AND
1 1 𝑑𝑑
log𝑎𝑎 |𝑒𝑒 − 2| − log𝑎𝑎 |𝑒𝑒 − 38| = + 𝐶𝐶 correct value of 𝐶𝐶
36 36 10

14
 1 𝑒𝑒 − 2 𝑑𝑑 1 998
log𝑎𝑎 � �= + 𝐶𝐶 log𝑎𝑎 � � = 𝐶𝐶
36 𝑒𝑒 − 38 10 36 962
Sub 𝑑𝑑 = 0 and 𝑒𝑒 = 1000
1 1000 − 2 0 1 Mark
log𝑎𝑎 � �= + 𝐶𝐶
36 1000 − 38 10 Demonstrates that

1 998 1
log𝑎𝑎 � � = 𝐶𝐶 log |𝑒𝑒 − 2|
36 962 36 𝑎𝑎
1
1 499 − log𝑎𝑎 |𝑒𝑒 − 38|
log𝑎𝑎 � � = 𝐶𝐶 36
36 481 𝑑𝑑
= + 𝐶𝐶
1 𝑒𝑒 − 2 𝑑𝑑 1 499 10
log𝑎𝑎 � �= + log𝑎𝑎 � �
36 𝑒𝑒 − 38 10 36 481
1 𝑒𝑒 − 2 1 499 𝑑𝑑
log𝑎𝑎 � �− log𝑎𝑎 � �=
36 𝑒𝑒 − 38 36 481 10
1 481(𝑒𝑒 − 2) 𝑑𝑑
log𝑎𝑎 � �=
36 499(𝑒𝑒 − 38) 10
10 481(𝑒𝑒 − 2)
log𝑎𝑎 � � = 𝑑𝑑
36 499(𝑒𝑒 − 38)

5 481(𝑒𝑒 − 2)
𝑑𝑑 = log𝑎𝑎 � �
18 499(𝑒𝑒 − 38)
Q14c(iii) 5 481(𝑒𝑒 − 2) 1 Mark
𝑑𝑑 = log𝑎𝑎 � �
18 499(𝑒𝑒 − 38) Correct answer

Sub 𝑒𝑒 = 0
5 481(0 − 2)
𝑑𝑑 = log𝑎𝑎 � �
18 499(0 − 38)

𝑑𝑑 = 0.8281 … years
𝑑𝑑 = 9.937 … months
𝑑𝑑 ≈ 10 months
It will take approximately 10 months.

15