Computer

COMPUTER
Meaning of Computer

 The Word Computer comes from the word
“Compute “ which means “to Calculate”.
 A computer is an electronic machine which can
perform arithmetic functions at high speed.
 A computer is also called a data processor because it
can store, process and retrieve data whenever
desired.
What is Computer

 Computer is an electronic device which accepts input
through input devices, process it and produce output
through output devices. It is also used to store data.
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMPUTERS
Automatic

 Given a Job, Computer Can work on it automatically
without human interventions.
Speed

 As you know computer can work very fast. It takes
only few seconds for calculations that we take hours
to complete. You will be surprised to know that
computer can perform millions (1,000,000) of
instructions and even more per second.
 Therefore, we determine the speed of computer in
terms of microsecond (10-6 part of a second) or
nanosecond (10 to the power -9 part of a second).
From this you can imagine how fast your computer
performs work.
Accuracy

 The degree of accuracy of computer is very high and
every calculation is performed with the same
accuracy. The accuracy level depends on the design
of computer. The errors in computer are due to
human and inaccurate data are often referred to as
Garbage In Garbage Out (GIGO).
Diligence

 A computer is free from tiredness, lack of
concentration, fatigue etc. It can work for hours
without creating any error. If millions of calculations
are to be performed, a computer will perform every
calculation with the same accuracy. Due to this
capability it overpowers human being in routine
type of work.
Versatility

 It means the capacity to perform completely different
type of work. You may use your computer to
prepare payroll slips. Next moment you may use it
for inventory management or to prepare electric
bills.
Power of Remembering

 Computer has the power of storing any amount of
information or data. Any information can be stored
and recalled as long as you require it, for any
numbers of years. It depends entirely upon you how
much data you want to store in a computer and
when to lose or retrieve these data.
No I.Q.

 Computer is a dumb machine and it cannot do any
work without instruction from the user. It performs
the instructions at tremendous speed and with
accuracy. It is you to decide what you want to do
and in what sequence. So a computer cannot take its
own decision as you can.
No Feeling

 It does not have feelings or emotion, taste,
knowledge and experience. Thus it does not get tired
even after long hours of work. It does not distinguish
between users.
Storage

 The Computer has an in-built memory where it can
store a large amount of data. You can also store data
in secondary storage devices such as Floppies, Flash
Drives, which can be kept outside your computer
and can be carried to other computers.
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Living in a Digital World
A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere
Pages 2 - 3 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 2

Figure 1-1 Chapter 1
The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data
Storage Device • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Chapter 1
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers
Speed Violation of Privacy
Reliability Public Safety
Consistency Impact on Labor Force
Storage Health Risks
Communications Impact on Environment
Page 7 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 4

Chapter 1
Networks and the Internet
• A network is a collection of computers and devices

connected together, often wirelessly and via
communications devices.
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that
connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals.

Chapter 1

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Access Information
Entertainment Download Music Share Videos Web Application

• A social networking Web site encourages

members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users
– Also called an online social network

Chapter 1
Categories of Computers
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded computers

Chapter 1
Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

processing, output, and storage activities by itself
– Desktop computer

Figures 1-13 - 1-14 Chapter 1
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device
can carry from place to small enough to hold in
place your hand
Examples include
Examples include smart phones, PDAs,
notebook computers, handheld computers,
laptop computers, and portable media
Tablet PCs players, and digital
cameras

Chapter 1
Notebook computer
Tablet PC
Smart phone
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)

Figures 1-15 – 1-18 Chapter 1
Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera

Laptops
• Portable computers designed to be carried from

place to place. All of its components are
contained inside a panel that functions also as the
keyboard, with an attached screen that can be
folded over. Because of their size and
convenience, these are some of the most popular
computers for everyday use.
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 14

Chapter 1
Notebooks
• Much smaller laptops.

Chapter 1
Tablet PC
• A flat, keyboard-less screen (though some of them

come with keyboard attachments) that utilizes
touch-screen functionality for navigation and use.

Smartphones
• The iPhone and the Samsung Galaxy are examples

of powerful smartphones that are also mobile
computers.
• A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone
that usually provides PDA capabilities

Chapter 1
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
• Nearly all PDAs have the ability to connect to the Internet. A PDA has an
electronic visual display, enabling it to include a web browser, all models also
have audio capabilities enabling use as a portable media player, and also
enabling most of them to be used as mobile phones. Most PDAs can access the
Internet via Wi-Fi Most PDAs employ touchscreen technology.
 Provides personal organizer functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad
 Stylus is used as pointing device
(or finger)

Chapter 1
Handheld game console
• Mobile computing device designed for single-

player or multiplayer video games
• Just like regular consoles, these are tiny
computers that let people play games on the go.

Chapter 1
Portable media players
• Also known as MP3 players.

Chapter 1
Digital Camera
• A digital camera or digicam is a camera that

encodes digital images and videos digitally and
stores them for later reproduction. Most cameras
sold today are digital and digital cameras are
incorporated into many devices ranging from
PDAs and Mobile Phones (called camera phones)
to vehicles.

Chapter 1
Game Consoles
• A game console is a mobile computing device

designed for single-player or multiplayer video
games

Servers
• A server controls access to the hardware,
software, and other resources on a network
– A server is a computer dedicated to providing services
that provides a centralized storage area for programs,
data, and information.

Mainframes
• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful

computer that can handle hundreds or thousands
of connected users simultaneously. A mainframe
is a type of computer hardware.

Chapter 1
Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion
instructions in a single second. Performance of a supercomputer is
measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million
instructions per second (MIPS). There are supercomputers which can
perform up to quadrillions of FLOPS. FLOPS used in the fields of scientific
calculations.

Supercomputers
A supercomputer is able to solve complex
problems in science, engineering, the
environment, industry, finance, and national
security from the atomic to the cosmic level.

Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Electronics
Home Automation Devices
Automobiles
Robotics
Computer Devices and Office

Machines
Chapter 1
Embedded Computers

Examples of Computer Usage
Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

• Personal financial management Office User • Connect to other computers on
• Web access • Look up information a network or the Internet
• Communications • Send and receive e-mail • Transfer information
• Entertainment messages • Play video games
• Make telephone calls • Listen to music
• Watch movies
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Minorities in
Technology below Chapter 1
Pages 20 – 23 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 29
Examples of Computer Usage
Power User Enterprise User

• Work with multimedia • Communicate among
• Use industry-specific employees
software • Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog

Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 24 -26 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 31
Computer Applications in Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 26-27 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 32
Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Chapter 1 Complete
Discovering
Computers 2010
The Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Page 74 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2

Evolution of the Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET (The Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) in September 1969 and
had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together

Chapter 2
1986 NSF
connects NSFnet
(The National
Science
Foundation
Network) to
1969 ARPANET ARPANET and
becomes becomes known 1996 Internet2 is
functional as the Internet founded
1984 ARPANET 1995 NSFNet Today More than

has more than terminates its 550 million hosts
1,000 individual network on the connect to the
computers linked Internet and Internet
as hosts resumes status as
research network
Pages 75 - 76 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 4

Chapter 2
• Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities
and 115 companies via a high-speed private
network

Chapter 2
• Many home and small business users connect to

the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service
DSL Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
(Digital the Fixed
Internet Radio Wi-Fi Internet
subscriber Premises wireless
service Network Service
line/loop) (FTTP)

Chapter 2
• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

Wireless Internet
ISP (Internet service Online service
service provider
provider) provider (OSP)
(WISP)
Regional ISPs provide Provides wireless
Internet access to a Has many members- Internet access to
specific geographical only features computers and
area mobile devices
National ISPs provide Popular OSPs include

Internet access in AOL (America Online) May require a
cities and towns and MSN (Microsoft wireless modem
nationwide Network)

Chapter 2

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address
Pages 79 – 80 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 10


The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Chapter 2
The World Wide Web
• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs
Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer
Google
Safari
Chrome

Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web
• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays micro browsers
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information

The World Wide Web
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL

(Uniform Resource Locator) or Web address

The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

Web pages in a single Web browser window

The World Wide Web
• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories
Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web
• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:
Images Videos Audio News
People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses

Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web
• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search
engine’s Web page prior to entering the search
text

The World Wide Web
• Search operators can help to refine your search

The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
The World Wide Web
Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application
Content Personal
Aggregator
The World Wide Web
• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages

The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with:

Chapter 2
The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital
representation of non-
text information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF

The World Wide Web
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic

The World Wide Web
• Animation is the appearance of motion created

by displaying a series of still images in sequence

Chapter 2
The World Wide Web
• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow

The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web
• Video consists of full-motion images that are

played back at various speeds

The World Wide Web
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to

simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional space

The World Wide Web
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability

of a Web browser

The World Wide Web
• Web publishing is the development and

maintenance of Web pages
Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site

Chapter 2
E-Commerce
• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices

Chapter 2
E-Commerce
Business-
to-
consumer
(B2C)
E-commerce
Business- Consumer-
to- to-
business consumer
(B2B) (C2C)

Chapter 2
E-Commerce

Other Internet Services
• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages


• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

communications service

• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other

• VoIP (Voice over IP)

enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony

• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP

Chapter 2
Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

behavior

Summary
Browsing, navigating,
History and structure of searching, Web
World Wide Web
the Internet publishing, and
e-commerce
Other Internet services:

e-mail, instant
messaging, chat rooms, Rules of netiquette
VoIP, newsgroups and
message boards, and FTP

Chapter 2
Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Objectives Overview
Identify the four Describe

categories of characteristics of a
application software user interface
Identify the key Identify the key

features of widely features of widely
used business used graphics and
programs multimedia programs
See Page 107 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 2
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 3
Objectives Overview
Identify the key

features of widely used Discuss Web
home, personal, and applications
educational programs
Identify the types of

Describe the learning
application software
aids available for
used in
application software
communications
Application Software
• Application software consists of programs

designed to make users more productive and/or
assist with personal tasks
To make business activities more efficient
To assist with graphics and multimedia projects
To support home, personal, and educational tasks
To facilitate communications
Chapter 3

• Available in a variety of forms:

Packaged Custom Web
software software application
Open source
Shareware Freeware
software
Public-domain
software

Chapter 3
• System software serves as the interface between

the user, the application software, and the
computer’s hardware
– Utility programs


Business Software
• Business software is application software that

assists people while performing business activities
Word
Spreadsheet Database Presentation
Processing
Business
Project Document
software for Accounting
management management
phones
Enterprise
computing
software
Chapter 3
Business Software
• Word processing
software allows users
to create and
manipulate documents
• Clip art is a collection of
electronic drawings,
photos, and other
images

Business Software
• Developing a document
Edit a
• Enter text and document • Change appearance
numbers • Font
• Insert images • Make changes to
existing content • Font size
• Perform other
documents • Inserting, deleting,
cutting, copying, and
pasting
Create a Format a
document document

Chapter 3
Business Software
• Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in

rows and columns and perform calculations

Business Software
• Charting showing data in a spreadsheet in

graphical form

Business Software
• A database is a collection of data organized in a manner

that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
– Database software allows users to create, access, and manage
a database

Business Software
• Presentation software
allows users to create
visual aids for
presentations to
communicate ideas,
messages, and other
information to a group

Business Software
• Note taking software is application software that

enables users to enter typed text, handwritten
comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a
page

Business Software
• A software suite is a collection of individual

programs available together as a unit
• A personal information manager (PIM) is
application software that includes
Appointment Address
Notepad
calendar book

Chapter 3
Business Software
Project management software allows a user to plan,

schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and
costs of a project
Accounting software helps companies record and report

their financial transactions
Document management software provides a means for

sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by
converting them into a format that can be viewed by any
user

Business Software
• Enterprises typically require special computing

solutions for various functional units
Human
Accounting Engineering Marketing
resources
Customer Information
Sales Distribution
service technology

Chapter 3
Graphics and Multimedia Software

Computer-aided design
(CAD) software
Desktop publishing
software
Paint/Image editing
software
Professional photo
editing software
Video and audio editing

software
Multimedia authoring
software
Figures 3-19– 3-20 Chapter 3
Video: MediaCell Video Converter

Chapter 3
• Web page authoring software helps users of all

skill levels create Web pages that include
multimedia and interactive content

Chapter 3
Software for Home, Personal, and
Educational Use
Personal finance software
Legal software
Tax preparation software

Pages 124– 125 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 25
Educational Use
Personal DTP software

(Desktop publishing software)
Personal paint/image editing
software
Personal photo editing
software
Educational Use
Clip art/image
gallery
Video and audio
editing software
Educational Use
Travel and mapping software
Reference software
Educational software
Entertainment software
Web Applications
• A Web application (Web app) is a Web site that

allows users to access and interact with software
from any computer or device that is connected to
the Internet

Web Applications

Application Software for Communications
Web Browser E-Mail Instant Messaging Chat Room
Text, Picture, Video Newsgroup/Message

Blogging FTP
Messaging Board
VoIP (Internet
Video Conferencing
Telephony)

Learning Tools for Application Software
• Online Help is the

electronic equivalent of
a user manual
• You can ask a question
or access the Help
topics in subject or
alphabetical order

• Web-based Help provides updates and more

comprehensive resources to respond to technical
issues about software

Chapter 3
• Web-based training
uses Internet
technology and consists
of application software
on the Web
• Distance learning (DL)
is the delivery of
education at one
location while the
learning takes place at
other locations
Summary
Overview of a variety of
business software, graphics
How to start and interact with and multimedia software, and
application software home/personal/educational
software, and communications
software
Learning tools for application

Web applications
software

Chapter 3
Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Chapter 3 Complete
Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Objectives Overview
Differentiate among various

Differentiate between a port
styles of system units on
and a connector, and explain
desktop computers,
the differences among a
notebook computers, and
USB port and other ports
mobile devices
Define a bit and describe

Differentiate among the
how a series of bits
various types of memory
represents data

Objectives Overview
Describe the control unit

Describe the purpose and and arithmetic logic unit
types of expansion slots and components of a processor,
adapter cards and explain the four steps in
a machine cycle
Understand how to clean a

Describe the types of buses
system unit on a computer
in a computer
or mobile device

The System Unit
• The system unit is a case that contains electronic

components of the computer used to process data

The System Unit
• The inside of the system unit on a desktop
personal computer includes:
Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory

The System Unit
• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the

system unit
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits

Processor
• The processor, also called the central processing

unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
Multi-core Dual-core Quad-core

processor processor processor

Chapter 4
Processor

Processor
• The control unit is the component of the

processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

Chapter 4
Processor
• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of

four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle

Processor
The system clock controls the

timing of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the
clock speed, and is measured in
gigahertz (GHz). One GHz represents
1 billion cycles per second
Chapter 4
Data Representation
Most computers are digital
Digital signals are in one of two states: on

or off
• Most computers are digital
• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
Chapter 4
Data Representation
A computer circuit represents Eight bits grouped together as a
the 0 or the 1 electronically by unit are called a byte. A byte
the presence or absence of an represents a single character in
electrical charge the computer

Data Representation
• ASCII (American
Standard Code for
Information
Interchange) is the most
widely used coding
scheme to represent
data

Data Representation

Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that

store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Data being
The operating
Application processed and the
system and other
programs resulting
system software
information

Chapter 4
Memory
• Each location in memory has an address

• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes
(TB)

Memory
• The system unit contains two types of memory:
Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory
Loses its contents when Does not lose contents

power is turned off when power is removed
Examples include ROM

Example includes RAM
and CMOS

Chapter 4
Memory

Memory
• Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
Dynamic RAM
Static RAM (SRAM)
(DRAM)
Magnetoresistive
RAM (MRAM)

Chapter 4
Memory
• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module

and are inserted into memory slots

Memory
• The amount of RAM necessary in a computer

often depends on the types of software you plan
to use
• Memory cache speeds the processes of the
computer because it stores frequently used
instructions and data

Chapter 4
Memory
Read-only memory (ROM)

refers to memory chips storing
permanent data and instructions
• Firmware permanent software
programmed into a read-only memory.

Chapter 4
Memory
• Flash memory can be

erased electronically
and rewritten
– CMOS technology
provides high speeds
and consumes little
power

Memory
• Access time is the amount of time it takes the

processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• An expansion slot is a
socket on the motherboard
that can hold an adapter
card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
the system unit and/or
provides connections to
peripherals
– Sound card and video card

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• Removable flash memory includes:

– Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC
Cards/ExpressCard modules

Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or

communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred
to as a jack)
A connector joins a cable to a port

Chapter 4

• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the

back, front, and/or sides

• A USB port can connect up to 127 different

peripherals together with a single connector
– You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB
port with a USB hub

• Other types of ports include:

SCSI (Small
Firewire port Bluetooth port Computer System
Interface) port
IrDA MIDI (Musical

eSATA port (Infrared Data Instrument Digital
Association) port Interface) port

Chapter 4
• A port replicator is an
external device that
provides connections to
peripherals through ports
built into the device
• A docking station is an
external device that
attaches to a mobile
computer or device

Buses • A bus allows the various devices
both inside and attached to the
system unit to communicate with
each other
– Data bus
– Address bus
• A computer can have these basic
types of buses:
– System bus A system bus is a single
computer bus that connects the
major components of a computer
system. The technique was
developed to reduce costs and
improve modularity.
– Backside bus A backside bus (BSB)
is an internal bus that connects the
central processing unit to the
cache memory.
– Expansion bus An expansion bus is
a computer bus which moves
information between the internal
hardware of a computer system
(including the CPU and RAM) and
peripheral devices
Bays
• A bay is an opening inside the
system unit in which you can
install additional equipment
– A drive bay typically holds disk
drives
– CD-ROM drive(s) - This is
normally a read only drive
where files are permanently
stored. There are now
read/write CD-ROM drives that
use special software to allow
users to read from and write to
these drives.
– Floppy drive(s) - A floppy is a
small disk storage device that
today typically has about 1.4
Megabytes of memory capacity
Hard Disk Drive(s)
This is where your files are permanently

stored on your computer. Also, normally,
your operating system is installed here.

Chapter 4
Power Supply
The power supply converts the wall

outlet AC power into DC power
Some external peripherals have an AC

adapter, which is an external power
supply
Chapter 4
Putting It All Together
Home Small Office/ Mobile

Intel Core 2 Duo or Intel Home Office Intel Core 2 Extreme or
Celeron Dual Core or Intel Core 2 Quad or AMD Turion X2
AMD Sempron Intel Core 2 Extreme or
AMD Athlon FX or AMD
Athlon X2 Dual-Code Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Minimum RAM: 4 GB

Putting It All Together
Power Enterprise
Intel Itanium 2 or AMD Intel Core 2 Quad or
Quad Core Opteron or Intel Core 2 Extreme or
Intel Quad Core Xeon or AMD Athlon FX or AMD
Sun UltraSPARC T2 Athlon X2 Dual-Core
Minimum RAM: 8 GB Minimum RAM: 4 GB

Keeping Your Computer
or Mobile Device Clean
Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year
Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before

cleaning it
Use compressed air to blow away dust
Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a

cleaning solution and soft cloth to clean the screen
Chapter 4
Summary
Sequence of operations
How memory stores
Components of the that occur when a
data, instructions, and
system unit computer executes an
information
instruction
Comparison of various
How to clean the
personal computer
exterior and interior of
processors on the
a system unit
market today

Chapter 4
Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Chapter 4 Complete

Computer

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COMPUTER

• Computers are everywhere

Pages 2 - 3 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 2

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Pages 4 - 7 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 3

Speed Violation of Privacy

Reliability Public Safety

Consistency Impact on Labor Force

Storage Health Risks

Communications Impact on Environment

Page 7 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 4

• A network is a collection of computers and devices

Page 8 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 5

Page 8 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 6

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Entertainment Download Music Share Videos Web Application

Pages 8 - 9 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 7

• A social networking Web site encourages

Page 10 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 8

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Pages 14 - 15 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 9

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

Pages 15 - 16 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 10

Pages 16 - 18 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 11

PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)

Portable media player

Pages 17 - 18 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 13

• Portable computers designed to be carried from

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 14

• Much smaller laptops.

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 15

• A flat, keyboard-less screen (though some of them

Page 18 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 16

• The iPhone and the Samsung Galaxy are examples

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 17

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 18

• Mobile computing device designed for single-

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 19

• Also known as MP3 players.

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 20

• A digital camera or digicam is a camera that

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 21

• A game console is a mobile computing device

Page 18 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 22

Page 19 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 23

• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 24

Page 19 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 25

Page 19 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 26

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

Home Automation Devices

Computer Devices and Office

Page 20 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 28

Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

Click to view Web Link,

Power User Enterprise User

Pages 23 – 24 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition 30

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

Page 74 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2

Page 75 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 3