PRESENT SIMPLE

Process: Characteristic (verb “to be”):

I\you\we\they + V1
He\she\it + V+s
[ + ] S + V1(s) + O. Jack works in school.
[ - ] S + don’t\doesn’t + V1 + O. Jack doesn’t like seafood.
[ yes\no ? ] Do\Does + S + V1 + O? Does Jack have a hobby?
[ special ? ] WH-word + do\does + S + V1 + O? What does Jack
like to do after work?
I + am
He\she\it + is
You\we\they + are
[ + ] S + am\is\are + O. Jack is a teacher.
[ - ] S + am\is\are + not + O. Jack is not tired.
[ yes\no ? ] Am\Is\Are + S + O? Is Jack American?
[ special ? ] WH-word + am\is\are + S + O? Why is Jack sad?

PAST SIMPLE
Process: Characteristic (verb “to be” in the 2nd form):
V2\ed I\He\she\it + was
You\we\they + were
[ + ] S + V2\ed + O. Jack worked in kindergarten. [ + ] S + was\were + O. Jack was a good student at school.
[ - ] S + didn’t + V1 + O. Jack didn’t like carrots. [ - ] S + wasn’t\weren’t + O. Jack wasn’t a fan of football.
[ yes\no ? ] Did + S + V1 + O? Did Jack have an X-box? [ yes\no ? ] Was\Were + S + O? Was Jack in a summer camp
[ special ? ] WH-word + did + S + V1 + O? What did Jack watch last year?
in the cinema? [ special ? ] WH-word + was\were + S + O? Why was Jack sad?

FUTURE SIMPLE
Process: Characteristic (verb “to be”):
will + V1 will + be
[ + ] S + will + V1 + O. Jack will go to a concert. [ + ] S + will + be + O. Jack will be happy.
[ - ] S + will not (won’t) + V1 + O. Jack won’t cook the dinner [ - ] S + will + not + be + O. Jack will not be sad.
tonight. [ yes\no ? ] Will + S + be + O? Will Jack be tired?
[ yes\no ? ] Will + S + V1 + O? Will Jack plant a lemon tree? [ special ? ] WH-word + will + S + be + O? Why will Jack be
[ special ? ] WH-word + will + S + V1 + O? What will Jack do in tired?
summer?
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Process: am\is\are + V-ing

[ + ] S + am\is\are + V-ing + O. Jack is drawing a picture.

[ - ] S + am\is\are + not + V-ing + O. Jack is not singing a song.

[ yes\no ? ] Am\Is\Are + S + V-ing + O? Is Jack playing football?

[ special ? ] WH-word + am\is\are + S + V-ing + O? Why is Jack laughing?

Past CONTINUOUS
Process: was\were + V-ing

[ + ] S + was\were + V-ing + O. Jack was drawing a picture.

[ - ] S + was\were + not + V-ing + O. Jack wasn’t singing a song.

[ yes\no ? ] was\were + S + V-ing + O? Was Jack playing football?

[ special ? ] WH-word + was\were + S + V-ing + O? Why was Jack laughing?

Future CONTINUOUS
Process: will + be + V-ing

[ + ] S + will + be + V-ing + O. Jack will be drawing a picture.

[ - ] S + will + be + not + V-ing + O. Jack won’t be singing a song.

[ yes\no ? ] Will + S + be + V-ing + O? Will Jack be playing football?

[ special ? ] WH-word + will + S + be + V-ing + O? Why will Jack be laughing?

 PRESENT Perfect
Process: Characteristic (verb “to be” in the 3rd form):
I\you\we\they + have + V3\ed I\you\we\they + have + been
He\she\it + has + V3\ed He\she\it + has + been
[ + ] S + have\has + V3\ed + O. Jack has watched this movie. [ + ] S + have\has + been + O. Jack has been scared.
[ - ] S + have\has + not + V3\ed + O. Jack hasn’t heard this song. [ - ] S + have\has + not + been + O. Jack hasn’t been sick.
[ yes\no ? ] Have\Has + S + V3\ed + O? Has Jack visited Louvre? [ yes\no ? ] Have\Has + S + been + O? Has Jack been here?
[ special ? ] WH-word + have\has + S + V3\ed + O? What has Jack [ special ? ] WH-word + have\has + S + been + O? Why has Jack been
done? in the hospital?

PAST Perfect
Process: Characteristic (verb “to be” in the 3rd form):
I\you\we\they + had + V3\ed I\you\we\they + had + been
He\she\it + had + V3\ed He\she\it + had + been
[ + ] S + had + V3\ed + O. Jack had read this book. [ + ] S + had + been + O. Jack had been sick.
[ - ] S + had + not + V3\ed + O. Jack hadn’t watched this tv-show. [ - ] S + had + not + been + O. Jack hadn’t been scared.
[ yes\no ? ] Had + S + V3\ed + O? Had Jack cooked the dinner? [ yes\no ? ] Had + S + been + O? Had Jack been scared?
[ special ? ] WH-word + had + S + V3\ed + O? What had Jack cooked [ special ? ] WH-word + had + S + been + O? Why had Jack been
for the dinner? scared?

FUTURE Perfect
Process: Characteristic (verb “to be” in the 3rd form):
will + have + V3\ed will + have + been
[ + ] S + will + have + V3\ed + O. Jack will have watched this movie. [ + ] S + will + have + been + O. Jack will have been healthy.
[ - ] S + will + not + have + V3\ed + O. Jack won’t have finished the [ - ] S + will + not + have + been + O. Jack will not have been promoted.
project. [ yes\no ? ] Will + S + have + been + O? Will Jack have been promoted?
[ yes\no ? ] Will + S + have + V3\ed + O? Will Jack have finished the [ special ? ] WH-word + will + S + have + been + O? When will Jack have
project? been promoted?
[ special ? ] WH-word + will + S + have + V3\ed + O? When will Jack
have finished the project?
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Process: have\has + been + V-ing

[ + ] S + have\has + been + V-ing + O. Jack has been reading a book.

[ - ] S + have\has + been + V-ing + O. Jack hasn’t been watching a tv-show.

[ yes\no ? ] Have\Has + S + been + V-ing + O? Has Jack been reading a book?

[ special ? ] WH-word + have\has + S + been + V-ing + O? What book has Jack been reading?

Past PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Process: had + been + V-ing

[ + ] S + had + been + V-ing + O. Jack had been studying English.

[ - ] S + had + not + been + V-ing + O. Jack hadn’t been studying French.

[ yes\no ? ] Had + S + been + V-ing + O? Had Jack been playing football?

[ special ? ] WH-word + had + S + been + V-ing + O? What had Jack been studying?

Future PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Process: will + have + been + V-ing

[ + ] S + will + have + been + V-ing + O. Jack will have been drawing a picture.

[ - ] S + will + not + have + been + V-ing + O. Jack won’t have been singing a song.

[ yes\no ? ] Will + S + have + been + V-ing + O? Will Jack have been playing football?

[ special ? ] WH-word + will + S + have + been + V-ing + O? What will Jack have been studying?