7 TENSES YANG SERING DIGUNAKAN

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Do, Does)

Auxiliary Verb Contoh (Example) Kegunaan (Use)
“Do” digunakan oleh I, S + V1+ O
menerangkan kebiasaan atau tindakan
You, We, They (+) I wash my hair every day
yang kita ulangi secara teratur dan
S + do not + V1 + O situasi permanen atau hal-hal yang
(-) I don’t wash my hair every day selalu atau sering benar. Contoh:
Do + S + V1 + O?
(?) do I wash my hair every day?  I never go to the library.
“Does” digunakan oleh S + V (s/es) + O  Water boils at 100 degrees.
He, She, It (+) He works every day  I have two brothers.
S + does not + V1 + O  Sun rises in the east.
(-) He doesn’t work every day
Does + S + V1 + O?
(?) Does He work every day?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Am, Is, Are)

To be “Am” digunakan S + To be + Verb -ing + O
oleh I (+) I am writing a song for you.
S + To be not + Verb -ing + O
(-) I am not writing a song for you.
To be + S + Verb –ing + O?
(?) Am I writing a song for you?
To be “Is” digunakan oleh (+) He is writing a song for you.
He, She, It (-) He is not writing a song for you.
(?) Is he writing a song for you?
To be “Are” digunakan (+) We are writing a song for you.
oleh You, We, They (-) We are not writing a song for you.
(?) Are we writing a song for you?
menerangkan hal-hal yang terjadi
sekarang, pada saat berbicara dan
bukan pada saat berbicara tetapi hari-
hari ini, atau minggu-minggu, dll.)
 ‘What are you doing?’ ‘I‘m
watching TV.’
 I‘m reading a very good book at
the moment. (=Saya tidak
membacanya pada saat saya
berbicara, tetapi saya membacanya
akhir-akhir ini.)

PRESENT PERFECT (Have, Has)

“Have” digunakan oleh I, S + Have + Verb3 + O
menerangkan peristiwa atau berita
You, We, They (+) They have done their homework.
S + Have not + Verb3 + O terbaru, baru saja terjadi.
(-) They haven’t done their homework.
 He looks happy because he’s just
Have + S + Verb3 + O
got married.
(?) Have they done their homework?
 Have you washed the dishes yet?
“Has” digunakan oleh He, (+) He has built our house.
 I haven’t called him yet.
She, It (-) He has not built our house.
 I have already finished.
(?) Has he built our house?

SIMPLE PAST (Did)

“Did” digunakan oleh I, S + Verb2 + O
menerangkan tindakan atau peristiwa
You, She, He, It, We, (+) We walked to Sunday market yesterday.
yang terjadi di masa lalu, kebiasaan
They S + did not + Verb1 + O masa lalu, dan hal-hal yang benar di
(-) We didn’t walk to Sunday market yesterday. masa lalu.
Did + S + Verb1 + O?
 I often played in the park when we
(?) Did we walk to Sunday market yesterday?
were children.

PAST CONTINUOUS (Were, Was)

To be “Was” digunakan S + Verb -ing + O
menerangkan tindakan yang sedang
oleh I, He, She, It (+) I was talking to Dora when I saw him steal
berlangsung (belum selesai) pada saat
your money.
tertentu di masa lalu.
S + To be not + Verb -ing + O
 (-) I wasn’t talking to Dora when I saw him
steal your money.
To be + S + Verb –ing + O?
(?) Was I talking to Dora?
To be “Were” digunakan (+) We were working when she came.
oleh You, We, They (-) We were not working when she came.
(?) Were we working when she came?
PAST PERFECT (Had)
“Had” digunakan oleh I, S + Had + Verb3 + O
You, She, He, It, We, (+) I called him, but he had gone to a meeting.
They S + Had not + Verb3 + O
(-) He hadn’t gone to a meeting.
Had + S + Verb3 + O
(?) Had he gone to a meeting?
(+) When I arrived, she’d left.
(-) When I arrived, she hadn’t left.
(?) When I arrived, had she left?
FUTURE (Will)
“Had” digunakan oleh I, S + will + V1+ O
You, She, He, It, We, (+) A dog will love you unconditionally
They S + will not/ won’t + V1+ O
(-) A dog won’t love you unconditionally
Will + S + V1+ O?
(?) Will a dog love you unconditionally?
(?) Shall I make some coffee?
(kamu mau saya buatkan kopi?)
(+) I’ll make some coffee.
(?) Shall we go to the cinema?
(apa kamu mau (kita) ke bioskop?)
FUTURE (BE GOING TO)
“Am going to” digunakan S + be going to + V1+ O
oleh I (+) The doctor said I’m going to have a girl.
S + be not going to + V1+ O
(-) The doctor said I’m not going to have a girl.
Be going to + S + V1+ O?
(?) Am I going to have a girl?
“Is going to” digunakan (+) Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
oleh He, She, It (-) Look at those clouds. It is not going to rain.
(+) Is it going to rain?
“Are going to” digunakan (+) Don’t drive like a crazy man. We’re going to
oleh You, We, They have an accident!
(-) We’re not going to have an accident!
(?) Are we going to have an accident?
 When I saw them yesterday, they
were arguing.
 They were swimming at 7 in the
morning.
 They were swimming when I saw
them.
menerangkan tentang kejadian yang
telah terjadi di masa lalu.
Perbedaannya dengan SIMPLE
PAST:
 When I arrived, she left.
(Dia pergi setelah aku tiba.)
 When I arrived, she had left.
(Dia pergi sebelum aku tiba)
menerangkan hal-hal yang (kita
piker) akan terjadi di masa depan.
 He will love your new coat.
 They won’t win this match.
Shall digunakan hanya ketika kita
menawarkan pelayanan kepada orang
lain atau menyarankan untuk
melakukan sesuatu.
menerangkan sesuatu yang kita lihat
akan terjadi (ada bukti saat ini).
 Don’t drive like a crazy man.
We’re going to have an accident!
 We are going to have a drink after
work. Do you want to come?
menerangkan niat atau rencana.
 She’s going to study biology next
year.
 We are going to play cards
tonight.
REGULAR VERB (kata kerja beraturan)

Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 3

Talk Talked Talked
Climb Climbed Climbed
Dan lain-lain…

IRREGULAR VERB (kata kerja tidak beraturan)

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