16 TENSES 2. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES.

TENSES adalahbentuk kata kerja untuk menunjukan waktu terjadinya peristiwa  Untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE benar-benar akan terjadi saat ini.
 untuk menyatakan sebuah kejadian atau peristiwa yang setiap hari  Struktur kalimatnya:
dilakukan, kejadian yang berulang kali, atau kejadian yang sudah (+) S + Tobe Present (am, is, are) + Verb 1 + ing + O/C.ket
tentu kebenarannya. ex : He is writing letter now.
 Struktur nominalnya ada 2: (-) S + Tobe Present (am, is, are)+ Not + Verb 1 + ing + O/C.ket
a. Nominal (menggunakan (selain kata kerja; ex : He is not writing letter now.
k.sifat/k.benda/k.keterangan) (?) Tobe Present (am, is, are) + S + Verb 1 + ing + O/C.ket?
 (+) S + Tobe Present (am, is, are) + Yes, S + Tobe Present (am, is, are)
k.sifat/k.benda/k.ket No, S + Tobe Present (am, is, are) + not
ex : Iam beautiful everyday ex : Is he writing letter now?
 (-) S + Tobe Present + Not + k.sifat/k.benda/k.ket Yes, I am
ex : Iam not beautiful everyday No, I am not
 (?) Tobe present + S + k.sifat/k.benda/k.ket? 3. Present Perfect Tense
(yes/no + tobe present ( not for no))  Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan
ex : are you beautiful everyday? suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang baru saja terjadi, jadi dalam
yes. i am bentuk kalimat ini mengandung arti sudah namun sudahnya
no, i am not mempunyai arti baru saja.
b. Verbal ( menggunakan kata kerja)  Struktur kalimatnya ada 2 macam
 (+) S + V1 + ket.waktu  Kalimat verbal
ex : i bring black pen every Tuesday Strukturnya:
he studies biology every Wednesday (+) S + have/has + Verb 3 + O/C
 (-) S + do/does + not + V1 + ket.waktu ex : They have eaten durian just now.
ex : i do not bring black pen every (-) S + have/has + not + Verb 3 + O/C
Tuesday ex : They have not eaten durian just now.
 (?) Do/does + S + V1 + ket.waktu ? ( yes/no + (?) Have/has + S + Verb 3 + O/C?
do/does +(not for no)) Yes, S + have/has
ex : Do you bring black pen every No, S + have/has + not
Tuesday? ex : Have they eaten durian just now?
yes, i do Yes, They have
no, i do not No, They have not
Catatan Tobe Present : Catatan:
Am =I Have = I, You, We, They
Are = You, We, They Has = He, She, It
Is = He, She, It
 Kalimat Nominal
Do = I, You, We, They Strukturnya:
Does = He, She, It (+) S + have/has + been + kata sifat /kata
benda/kata keterangan
 ex : Ridho has been handsome since just ex : You were here yesterday.
now. (-) S + Tobe Past (was, were)+ Not + k.sifat
(-) S + have/has + not + been + kata sifat /kata /k.benda/k.keterangan
benda/kata keterangan ex : You were not here yesterday
ex : Ridho has not been handsome since (?) Tobe Past (was, were) + S + k.sifat
just now. /k.benda/k.keterangan
(?) Have/has + S + been + kata sifat /kata Yes, S + Tobe Past (was, were)
benda/kata keterangan? No, S + Tobe Past (was, were) + not
Yes, S + Have/has ex : Were you
No, S + Have/has + not here yesterday?
ex : Has Ridho been handsome since just Yes, you were
now? No, you were not
Yes, He has
No, He has not Catatan:
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Was =I
 Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untk menyatakan suatu Were = You, We, They
tindakan, suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah dimulai pada Was = He, She, It
waktu yang lampau hingga berbicara peristiwa tersebut masih terus
berlansung.  Verbal (menggunakan kata kerja)
 Struktur kalimatnya: (+) S + Verb 2 + O/C
(+) S + have/has + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C ex : I went to my uncle’s house last
ex : I have been waiting you since 2 hours ago. week.
(-) S + have/has + not + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C (-) S + did+ not + Verb 1 + O/C
ex : I have not been waiting you since 2 hours ago. ex : I did not go to my uncle’s
house last week.
(?)Have/Has + S + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C? (?) Did + S + Verb 1 + O/C?
Yes, S + have/has Yes, S + did
No, S + have/has + not No, S + did +not
ex : Have I been waiting you since 2 hours ago? ex : Did I go to my uncle’s house last
Yes, I have week.
No, I have not Yes, I did/ No, I did not
5. Simple past tense 6. Past Continuous Tense
 adalah sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah  Adalah sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
kejadian atau peristiwa yang telah dilakukan pada masa lampau, dalam tindakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada waktu
bentuk ini tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan kejadian saat ini. lampau. Dalam tenses ini biasanya terdapat kejadian lain yang terjadi
 Struktur kalimatnya ada 2 macam yaitu: secara bersamaan yang juga terjadi pada masa lampau pula.
 Nominal  Struktur kalimatnya:
Strukturnya : (+) S + Tobe Past (was, were) + Verb 1 + ing + O/C + when + Rumus
(+) S + Tobe Past (was, were) + k.sifat Simple Past Tense
/k.benda/k.keterangan
 ex : We were reading book when Mrs. Feni came to the class Strukturnya:
(-) S + Tobe Past (was, were) + Not + Verb 1 + ing + O/C + when + (+) S + had + been + k.sifat /k.benda/k.ket+ when
Rumus Simple Past Tense + Rumus Simple Past Tense
ex : We were not reading book when Mrs. Feni came to the class. ex : Tatik had been beautiful when her
(?)Tobe Past (was, were) + S + Verb 1 + ing + O/C? + when + Rumus boyfriend picked her yesterday.
Simple Past Tense? (-) S + had + not + been + k.sifat /k.benda/k.ket +
Yes, S + Tobe Past (was, were) when + Rumus Simple Past Tense
No, S + Tobe Past (was, were) + not ex : Tatik had not been beautiful when her
ex : Were we reading book when Mrs. Feni came to the class? boyfriend picked her yesterday
Yes, we were (?) Had + S + been + + k.sifat /k.benda/k.ket +
No, we were not when + Rumus Simple Past Tense?
7. Past Perfect Tense Yes, S + had
No, S + had
 Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan suatu ex : Had Tatik been beautiful when her
perbuatan atau peristiwa yang baru saja terjadi pada waktu lampau, boyfriend picked her yesterday?
 Struktur kalimatnya ada 2 macam: Yes, I had
 Kalimat verbal No, I had not
Strukturnya: 8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) S + had + Verb 3 + O/C + when + Rumus
Simple Past Tense  Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untk menyatakan suatu tindakan
ex : Rudi had drunk apple juice when suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu
Riska came yesterday. lampau dan hingga perbuatan lain terjadi perbuatan atau peristiwa
(-) S + had + not + Verb 3 + O/C + when + Rumus tersebut masih tetap berlangsung.
Simple Past Tense  Struktur kalimatnya:
ex : Rudi had not drunk apple juice (+) S + had + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C + when + Rumus Simple Past
when Lia came yesterday Tense
(?) Had + S + Verb 3 + O/C + when + Rumus ex : I had been reading news paper for 3 hours when Mr.
Simple Past Tense? Army came
Yes, S + had (-) S + had + not + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C + when + Rumus Simple
No, S + had + not Past Tense
ex : Had Rudi drunk apple juice when ex : I had not been reading news paper for 3 hours when Mr.
Riska came yesterday? Army came
Yes, He had (?)Had + S + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C + when + Rumus Simple Past
No, He had not Tense?
Yes, S + Had
No, S + Had + not
ex : Had I been reading news paper for 3 hours when Mr.
Army came
 Kalimat Nominal Yes, I had
No, I had not
9. Simple Future Tense 10. Future Continuous Tense
 Simple future tense adalah sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan sebuah kejadian atau peristiwa yang akan dilakukan pada  Adalah sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
waktu yang akan datang. tindakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang seolah olah sedang terjadi
 Struktur kalimatnya ada 2 macam yaitu: pada waktu yang akan datang.
 Nominal.  Struktur kalimatnya:
Strukturnya : (+) S + shall/will + Be + Verb 1 + ing + O/C
(+) S + shall/will + Be + kata sifat /kata benda/kata ex : I will be paying a tax tomorrow morning at 10 o’clock
keterangan (-) S + shall/will + Not + Be + Verb 1 + ing + O/C
ex : She will be in the school tomorrow ex : I will not be paying a tax tomorrow morning at 10
morning. o’clock
(-)S + shall/will + not + Be + kata sifat /kata
benda/kata keterangan (?) Shall/Will + S + Be + Verb 1 + ing + O/C?
ex : She will not be in the Yes, S + shall/will
school tomorrow morning. No, S + shall/will + not
(?)Shall/Will + S + Be + kata sifat /kata benda/kata ex : will I be paying a tax tomorrow morning at 10 o’clock
keterangan? Yes, She will
Yes, S + Shall/Will No, She will not
No, S + Shall/Will + not 11. Future Perfect Tense
ex : will She be in the school tomorrow morning?  Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan, suatu
Yes, She will perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan telah dilakukan sebelum waktu yang telah
No, She will not ditentukan pada waktu yang akan datang.
Catatan:  Struktur kalimatnya ada 2 macam
Shall = I,We  Kalimat verbal
Will = You, They, He, She, It Strukturnya:
(+) S + shall/will + have/has + Verb 3 + O/C
 Verbal (menggunakan kata kerja) ex : I shall have paid my debt tomorrow
(+) S + shall/will + Verb 1 + O/C at 9 o’clock.
ex : I will write a letter for my mom (-) S + shall/will + not + have/has + Verb 3 + O/C
tomorrow Tuesday. ex : I shall not have paid my debt
(-) S + shall/will + not + Verb 1 + O/C tomorrow at 9 o’clock.
ex : I will not write a letter for my mom (?)Shall/Will + S + have/has + Verb 3 + O/C?
tomorrow Tuesday Yes, S + shall/will
(?)Shall/Will + S + Verb 1 + O/C? No, S + shall/will + not
Yes, S + Shall/Will ex : Will I have paid my debt tomorrow at 9
No, S + Shall/Will + not o’clock?
ex : will I write a letter for my mom Yes, I shall
tomorrow Tuesday? No, I shall not
Yes, She will
No, She will not.
  Kalimat Nominal  Struktur kalimatnya ada 2 macam yaitu:
Strukturnya:  Nominal
(+) S + shall/will + have/has + been + + k.sifat Strukturnya :
/k.benda/k.ket (+) S + should/would + Be + kata sifat /kata
ex : I shall have been beautiful tomorrow benda/kata keterangan
at 7 P.M. ex : Rudi would be here last week but he
(-) S + shall/will + not + have/has + been + + k.sifat had to go to his mother’s home.
/k.benda/k.ket (-)S + should/would + not + Be + kata sifat /kata
ex : I will not have been beautiful benda/kata keterangan
tomorrow at 7 P.M. ex : Rudi would not be here last week
(?)shall/will + S + Have/has + been + + k.sifat because he had to go to his mother’s home.
/k.benda/k.ket (?)Should/Would + S + Be + kata sifat /kata
Yes, S + shall/will benda/kata keterangan?
No, S + shall/will + not Yes, S + should/would
ex : Will I Have been beautiful tomorrow No, S + should/would + not
at 7 P.M? ex : Would Rudi be here last week?
Yes, I shall Yes, he would
No, I shall not No, he would not
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Catatan:
Should = I,We
 Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untk menyatakan suatu tindakan suatu Would = You, They, He, She, It
perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan selesai dikerjakan pada waktu yang akan  Verbal (menggunakan kata kerja)
datang tetapi kemungkinan akan dilanjutkan pada waktu yang akan datang. (+) S + should/would + Verb 1 + O/C
 Struktur kalimatnya: ex : Yesterday she would come to my house
(+) S + shall/will + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C because the day was raining.
ex : Rina will have been working in that company (-) S + should/would + not + Verb 1 + O/C
next week. ex : Yesterday she would come to my house
(-) S + shall/will + not + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C because the day was raining.
ex : Rina will not have been working in that (?)Should/Would + S + Verb 1 + O/C?
company next week. Yes, S + should/would
(?)Shall/Will + S + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C? No, S + should/would + not
Yes, S + shall/will ex : would she come to my house
No, S + shall/will + not because the day was raining yesterday?
ex : will Rina have been working in that company Yes, She would
next week? No, She would not
Yes, she will 14. Past Future Continuous Tense
No, she will not
13. Simple past future tense  Adalah sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan
 adalah sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah kejadian atau perbuatan atau peristiwa yang seolah olah akan terjadi pada waktu yang telah
peristiwa yang akan dilakukan pada waktu lampau ditentukan pada masa lampau
 Struktur kalimatnya: (-) S + should/would + not + have/has + been + kata
(+) S + should/would + Be + Verb 1 + ing + O/C sifat /kata benda/kata keterangan
ex : Actually yesterday, he would be playing guitar with you at 7 (?)Should/Would + S + Have/has + been + kata sifat
o’clock P.M, but you were not in the house /kata benda/kata keterangan?
(-) S + should/would + Not + Be + Verb 1 + ing + O/C Yes, S + should/would
ex : Actually yesterday, he would not be playing guitar with you at 7 No, S + should/would + not
o’clock P.M, but you were not in the house.
(?)Should/Would + S + Be + Verb 1 + ing + O/C? Contoh:
Yes, S + should/would (+)saya berfikir kamu akan sudah di sini jam 9
No, S + should/would + not kemarin malam.
ex : Actually yesterday, would he be playing guitar with you at 7 I thought you would have been here at 9 o’clock
o’clock P.M? last night.
Yes, he would (-)saya berfikir kamu belum di sini jam 9 kemarin
No, he would not malam.
15. Past Future Perfect Tense I thought you would not have been here at 9
 Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu o’clock last night.
tindakan, suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan telah dilakukan (?)Apakah kamu akan sudah di sini jam 9 kemarin
sebelum waktu yang telah ditentukan pada waktu yang akan lampau. malam?
 Struktur kalimatnya ada 2 macam Would you have been here at 9 o’clock last night?
 Kalimat verbal Yes, you would
Strukturnya: No, you would not
(+) S + should/would + have/has + Verb 3 + O/C 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
ex : Actually I would have picked you at 8
o’clock yesterday, but that day was raining.  Adalah suatu tenses yang digunakan untk menyatakan suatu tindakan, suatu
(-) S + should/would + not + have/has + Verb 3 + perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan telah dikerjakan dan berlangsung terus
O/C menerus hingga waktu yang telah ditentukan.
ex : Actually I would not have picked you at 8  Struktur kalimatnya:
o’clock yesterday, because that day was raining. (+) S + should/would + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C
ex : They would have been studying English for 2 years at the end of
(?)Should/Would + S + have/has + Verb 3 + O/C? last month.
Yes, S + should/would (-) S + should/would + not + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C
No, S + should/would + not ex : They would not have been studying English for 2 years at the end
ex : Actually would you have picked me of last month.
at 8 o’clock yesterday? (?)Should/Would + S + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C?
Yes, you would Yes, S + should/would
No, you would not No, S + should/would + not
 Kalimat Nominal ex : Would they have been studying English for 2 years at the end of
Strukturnya: last month?
(+) S + should/would + have/has + been + kata sifat Yes, they would
/kata benda/kata keterangan No, they would not