PART OF

SPEECH
1. NOUN
2. PRONOUN
3. ADJECTIVE
4. ADVERB
5. VERB
6. CONJUNCTION
7. PREPOSITION
8. INTERJECTION
NOUN (Kata Benda)
Singular Noun
The words always use article (a, an,
one).
A : used when the pronunciation of a
word begins with a consonant. Ex: a
banana, a book
An : used when the pronunciation of a
word begins with a vocal. Ex: an
apple, an hour
Plural Noun
The words will add with s/es.
The rules:
1. Singular noun ending by ch, sh, ss, x, z it will be add es.
Ex: church=churches, box=boxes, brush=brushes.
2. Singular noun ending O. (video=videos, photo=photos,
tomato=tomatoes, etc).
3. Singular noun ending Y preceded by a consonant letter,
added ies
4. Singular noun ending f/fe, added ves. Ex; calf=calv
es, knife=knives, wife=wives
5. Irreguler for singular to plural. foot=feet, goose=geese,
louse=lice, man=men, woman=women, tooth=teeth,
child=children, person=people, ox=oxen
PRONOUN (Kata Ganti Benda/Orang)
● Personal pronoun: I, you, we, they, she, he, it.
ex: Ani is my sister. She is a midwife
● Demonstrative pronoun: This, that, these, those.
ex: this is my book
● Interrogative pronoun: Who, what, which, whom, whose.
ex: who is the midwife?
● Relative pronoun: Who, which, whom, whose, that.
ex: The man who is visiting me is my brother
● Indefinite pronoun: Another, anything, everything, none, someone.
ex: Everybody is waiting to hear the good news.

https://www.english-academy.id/blog/pronoun-kata-ganti-bahasa-inggris
 ADJECTIVE (Kata Sifat)

Note: the function of

adjective is to explain noun
and pronoun
ADVERB (Kata
Keterangan)
VERB (Kata Kerja)

● Regular Verb ● Irregular Verb

Regular Verb

Rules:
1) Adding ed If a verb that contains two consecutive consonants at the
end of the verb. Ex: jump-jumped
2) If a verb has a consonant-vowel-consonant ending, then the last
consonant letter must be doubled, then 'ed' added. Ex: chat=chatted,
stop-stopped, crop-cropped, etc.
3) Adding ed if ending by w, x, y. ex: Play-played, sew-sewed, mix=mixed
4) Adding d if ending by e. Ex: move-moved, solve-solved
5) If ending by y so change y to be I and add ed. Ex: study-studied, try-
tried, cry=cried
Irregular
Verb V1 (present) V2 (past) V3 (past Meaning
participle)
adopt adopted adopted Mengadopsi

cry cried cried menangis

act acted acted bertindak

dry dried dried mengeringkan

close closed closed Menutup

open opened opened Membuka

need needed needed membutuhkan

 CONJUNCTION (Kata Sambung)
● Coordinating conjunctions (kata sambung ● Correlative conjunctions (kata
setara) penghubung yang berpasangan)
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So Either … or
Neither … nor
Ex: She opened the door and the window Whether .. or
Not only … but also
As … as
Such .. that
● Subordinating Conjunctions( kt sambung
Rather .. than
untuk kalimat komplek)
both …. And
although, even though, though, while,
whereas, if, until, whether, after, before,
Ex: He neither likes apples nor oranges.
because, since, as, when, where, how, than.

Ex: They will lose knowledge if they don’t

practice.
 PREPOSITION (Kata Hubung)
● Preposition of Direction ● Preposition of Time and Place

near, inside, on, beside, under, behind, in at, in, on

between, in front, above, out of, around.
Ex:
Ex: You have to stand behind me. Time: I was born in 1996.
Place: They met in London.

Note: at : specific time (o’clock)

on : days with date time
in : days, month, year, season

at : more detailed place (street, number)

on : not very detailed (only street) place
in: general, broad, and non-specific place
INTERJECTION (Kata Seru)

Arrgh, I have many mistakes.

Eew, what is it?
Ooouch, I cut my finger!
Wow! That is a great idea!
Jihan is beautiful. She studied at IKBKJP and the
major is midwifery.
TENSE
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
5. Simple Past Tense
6. Past Continuous Tense
7. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
9. Simple Future Tense
10. Future Continuous Tense
11. Future Perfect Tense
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
13. Simple Past Future
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

● Simple present tense is a tense ● Time signal: now, today, every

that is used to express an event day, every month, every year,
that occurs repeatedly. every morning.
Nominal Form:
(+) S+ to be (am, is, are) + ANA
(-) S+ to be (am,is,are) + not + ANA
(?) to be (am,is,are) + S + ANA+ ? Yes, S+to be Note:
Am : I
No, S+to be+not Is : She, he, It
Are: You, They, we
Ex: (+) You are a student.
(-) You are not a student.
(?) are you a student?
Verbal Form:
(+) S + V1 (s/es) + o/c
(-) S + do/does + not + V1+ o/c
(?) do/does + S + V1 + o/c +? Yes, S+do/does
No, S+do/does+not Note:
+s/es = She, He,
(?-) do/does +not+ S + V1 + o/c +? It

Ex: (+)You study now.

(-) You don’t study now.
(?) Do you study now?
PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

● Present continuous tense is a form of ● Time signal: Now, right now, at

tense that is used to explain activities present, at the moment, today
that ongoing or are taking place at
this time or now (present). This
activity is usually marked with V-ing
Verbal Form:
(+) S + to be + V-ing
(-) S + to be + not + V-ing
(?) to be + S + V-ing + ? Yes, S + to be
No, S + to be + not
Ex: (+)You are writing.
(-) You are not writing.
(?) are you writing?
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
● Present perfect tense is verb used to
state an action/event in the past that
is still continuing today.
● Time Signal: just, just now, already, yet,
this morning, this year, this week, this
month, until now, all the time, all my life,
never, ever, three times, for/ since
Nominal Form:
(+) S + have/has + been + ANA
(-) S + have/has + not + been + ANA
(?+) have/has + S + been + ANA + ? Yes, S + have/has
No, S + have/has + not

Ex: (+) Jack has been hungry.

Note:
(-) Jack has not been hungry. Has : She, he, It
(?+) has jack been hungry? Have : I, you,
They, we
Verbal Form:
(+) S + have/has + V3
(-) S + have/has + not + V3
(?+) have/has + S + V3 + ? Yes, S + have/has
No, S + have/has + not

Ex: (+)she has written.

(-) she has not written.
(?+) has she written?
SIMPLE PAST TENSE

● Simple past tense is verb that tells about ● Time Signal : Yesterday, last week, last
events that happened in the past and month, last year, in 1996, 2 day before
finished or ended in the past too. yesterday, last night, last day, last Sunday,
one day ago,
Nominal Form:

(+) S + was/were + ANA

(-) S + was/were + not + ANA
(?) was/were + S + ANA + ? Yes, S + was/were
No, S + was/were + not

Ex: (+) He was a student at IKBKJP Palopo

(-) He was not a student at IKBKJP Palopo.
(?) Was he a student at IKBKJP Palopo?
Verbal Form:

(+) S + V2+ o/c

(-) S + did + not + V1
(?+) did + S + V1 + ? Yes, S + did
No, S + did + not

Ex: (+) He studied at IKBKJP Palopo

(-) He did not study at IKBKJP Palopo.
(?+) did he study at IKBKJP Palopo?
SIMPLE FUTERE TENSE

● Simple future tense is an event that has ● Time signal : Tomorrow, tonight, this
not yet started and will occur in the future evening, this weekend, soon, later, in a
few weeks, next week/month, year
Nominal Form:

(+) S + will/shall + be + ANA

(-) S + will/shall + not + be + ANA
(?+) will + S + be + ANA + ? Yes, S + will
No, S + will + not

Note: will = all subject

shall = I, we

Ex: (+) the class will be clean.

(-) the class will not be clean
(?+) will the class be clean?
Verbal Form

(+) S + will/shall + V1
(-) S + will/shall + not + V1
(?+) will + S + V1 + ? Yes, S + will
No, S + will + not

Ex: (+) the class will be clean.

(-) the class will not be clean
(?+) will the class be clean?
 IF YOU DARE TO
DREAM, DON’T JUST
MAKE IT HAPPEN
BUT MAKE IT
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